Studies of risk perception and risk communication concerning the nuclear area are quite common in scientific literature. However, though numerous studies on this topic point to the importance of ...scientific and technological knowledge in facilitating the reduction of perceived risks, there are few papers that effectively discuss the role of education in risk communication on the subject, particularly in Brazil. The objective of the present work was to reflect on this problem by analyzing the results obtained from two case studies on the implementation of the Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor, in the city of Iperó, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. As was verified in the investigation, most participants of the study had high perception of risk with respect to the implementation of the reactor. Nevertheless, although important in the project of the reactor implementation, it was verified that the state, municipal and community schools of the city of Iperó had not participated, in the public hearings nor had they discussed the issue inside the school community, until the moment of the research.
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► Graphite electrodes modified with poly(4-hydroxybenzoic acid) prepared in pH 0.5, 7.0 and 12.0. ► Electron transport was higher in poly(4-hydroxybenzoic acid) prepared in acid ...medium. ► Poly(4-HBA) prepared in pH 12.0 presents higher charge transfer resistance. ► Polymers prepared in pH 0.5 and 7.0 present globular morphology and in pH 0.5 higher roughness.
This work reports electrochemical and morphological studies of formation of poly(4-hydroxybenzoic acid), prepared in different pH, on the graphite surface. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been carried out to study the modified electrodes formed. The electrodes modified with poly(4-HBA), prepared in pH 0.5 and 7.0, presented oxidation/reduction peaks, but no peak was detected to modified electrodes prepared in pH 12.0. Voltammetric studies showed decrease in oxidation/reduction currents and slower electron transport across the polymer for all pH values, however, the electron transport was higher when the polymer was prepared in acid medium. EIS analysis indicated that the charge transfer resistance for poly(4-HBA) electropolymerized at pH 12.0 was about 2 and 1.4 times higher when compared to pH 0.5 and 7.0, respectively. Studies through EQCM showed higher amount of polymer mass deposited in acid medium. Images by AFM indicated that the topography is affected by pH value, whereas films prepared in acidic pH conditions presented higher roughness.
This Land Is Our Land Stepick, Alex; Grenier, Guillermo; Castro, Max ...
04/2003
eBook
For those opposed to immigration, Miami is a nightmare. Miami is the de facto capital of Latin America; it is a city where immigrants dominate, Spanish is ubiquitous, and Denny's is an ethnic ...restaurant. Are Miami's immigrants representative of a trend that is undermining American culture and identity? Drawing from in-depth fieldwork in the city and looking closely at recent events such as the Elián González case,This Land Is Our Landexamines interactions between immigrants and established Americans in Miami to address fundamental questions of American identity and multiculturalism. Rather than focusing on questions of assimilation, as many other studies have, this book concentrates on interethnic relations to provide an entirely new perspective on the changes wrought by immigration in the United States. A balanced analysis of Miami's evolution over the last forty years,This Land Is Our Landis also a powerful demonstration that immigration in America is not simply an "us versus them" phenomenon.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the major causes of heart failure and mortality. Glucocorticoids administration post-infarction has long been proposed, but it has shown conflicting ...results so far. This controversy may be associated with the glucocorticoid type and the period when it is administered. To elucidate these, the present aims to evaluate if the brief methylprednisolone acetate administration is determinant for heart adaptation after AMI. Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: sham-operated (SHAM); infarcted (AMI); infarcted treated with methylprednisolone acetate (AMI+M). Immediately after surgery, the AMI+M group received a single dose of methylprednisolone acetate (40 mg/kg i.m.). After 56 days, the cardiac function was assessed and lungs, liver and heart were collected to determine rates of hypertrophy and congestion. Heart was used for oxidative stress and metalloproteinase activity analyses. Methylprednisolone acetate attenuated matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, cardiac dilatation, and prevented the onset of pulmonary congestion, as well as avoided cardiac hypertrophy. Our data indicate that administration of methylprednisolone acetate shortly after AMI may be a therapeutic alternative for attenuation of detrimental ventricular remodeling.
Hyperthyroidism can lead to the activation of proteins which are associated with inflammation, apoptosis, hypertrophy, and heart failure. This study aimed to explore the inflammatory and apoptotic ...proteins involved in the hyperthyroidism-induced cardiac hypertrophy establishment. Male Wistar rats were divided into control and hyperthyroid (12 mg/L L-thyroxine, in drinking water for 28 days) groups. The expression of inflammatory and apoptotic signaling proteins was quantified in the left ventricle by Western blot. Hyperthyroidism was confirmed by evaluation of T3 and T4 levels, as well as cardiac hypertrophy development. There was no change in the expression of HSP70, HIF1-α, TNF-α, MyD88, p-NFκB, NFκB, p-p38, and p38. Reduced expression of p53 and PGC1-α was associated with increased TLR4 and decreased IL-10 expression. Decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were also observed. The results suggest that reduced PGC1-α and IL-10, and elevated TLR4 proteins expression could be involved with the diminished mitochondrial biogenesis and anti-inflammatory response, as well as cell death signaling, in the establishment of hyperthyroidism-induced maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy.
A new genus and species of glandulocaudine, Lophiobrycon weitzmani, is described based on specimens collected in headwater tributary streams of the rio Grande, upper rio Paraná system, State of Minas ...Gerais, southeastern Brazil. The inclusion of the new species in the phylogeny of the subfamily Glandulocaudinae proposed by Weitzman & Menezes (1998), reveals a sister group relationship between the new genus and the monophyletic group composed of Glandulocauda and Mimagoniates that currently form the tribe Glandulocaudini. The new species can be readily distinguished from all other species of the tribe by the autapomorphic presence in adult male individuals (with more than 23.9 mm standard length) of an adipose-fin whose base extends for almost the entire distance between the posterior terminus of the base of the dorsal fin and the base of the upper lobe of the caudal fin and averages approximately 25% standard length, along with the presence of globular expansions formed by the lepidotrichia and hypertrophied soft tissue in the middle portions of the first and second pectoral-fin rays. The diagnosis of the tribe Glandulocaudini is modified to accommodate the new genus.
Um novo gênero e espécie de glandulocaudine, Lophiobrycon weitzmani, é descrito com base em exemplares coletados em riachos de cabeceira da drenagem do rio Grande, sistema do alto rio Paraná, Estado de Minas Gerais, sudeste do Brasil. A inclusão desta nova espécie na filogenia da subfamília Glandulocaudinae, proposta por Weitzman & Menezes (1998), revela uma relação de grupos irmãos entre o novo gênero e o grupo monofilético formado por Glandulocauda e Mimagoniates, atualmente compondo a tribo Glandulocaudini. A nova espécie pode ser facilmente distinguida das demais da tribo pela posse autapomórfica, nos machos adultos (com mais de 23,9 mm de comprimento padrão), de uma nadadeira adiposa com a base estendendo-se por praticamente a totalidade da distância entre a terminação posterior da base da nadadeira dorsal e base do lobo caudal superior, equivalendo em média a aproximadamente 25% do comprimento padrão, juntamente com a presença de expansões globulares, formadas por lepidotríquios e tecido mole hipertrofiado, na porção média do primeiro e segundo raios da nadadeira peitoral. A diagnose da tribo Glandulocaudini é modificada para acomodar o novo gênero.
Patients undergo total joint arthroplasty to improve function and resolve pain. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are often sought to determine the success of total joint arthroplasty but are ...time-consuming and patient response rates are often low. This study sought to determine whether pain numeric rating scores (NRSs) were associated with PROMs and objective mobility outcomes.
This is a retrospective review of data in patients who utilized a smartphone-based care management application prior to and following total joint arthroplasty. NRS, Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Joint Replacement and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Joint Replacement, and objective mobility data (step counts, gait speed, and gait asymmetry) were collected preoperatively and at 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Quantile regression was performed to evaluate the correlations between NRS and PROMs.
Total knee arthroplasty patients reported higher NRS than total hip arthroplasty patients postoperatively. NRS was significantly correlated with gait speed preoperatively and at 30 and 90 days postoperatively on quantile regression. Gait asymmetry was significantly associated with NRS at 30 days postoperatively. Regression results suggested significant correlations between NRS and PROMs scores; Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Joint Replacement, −0.46 (95% confidence interval: −0.48 to −0.44, P < .001) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Joint Replacement, -0.38 (95% confidence interval: −0.40 to −0.36, P < .001).
NRS is correlated with both objective and subjective measures of function in patients undergoing arthroplasty. Simple pain ratings may be a valid measurement to help predict functional outcomes when collection of traditional PROMs is not feasible.
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is terminal in most patients with locally advanced stage disease. We aimed to assess the antitumour activity and safety of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for ...resectable stage IIIA NSCLC.
This was an open-label, multicentre, single-arm phase 2 trial done at 18 hospitals in Spain. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with histologically or cytologically documented treatment-naive American Joint Committee on Cancer-defined stage IIIA NSCLC that was deemed locally to be surgically resectable by a multidisciplinary clinical team, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. Patients received neoadjuvant treatment with intravenous paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) and carboplatin (area under curve 6; 6 mg/mL per min) plus nivolumab (360 mg) on day 1 of each 21-day cycle, for three cycles before surgical resection, followed by adjuvant intravenous nivolumab monotherapy for 1 year (240 mg every 2 weeks for 4 months, followed by 480 mg every 4 weeks for 8 months). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival at 24 months, assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population, which included all patients who received neoadjuvant treatment, and in the per-protocol population, which included all patients who had tumour resection and received at least one cycle of adjuvant treatment. Safety was assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03081689, and is ongoing but no longer recruiting patients.
Between April 26, 2017, and Aug 25, 2018, we screened 51 patients for eligibility, of whom 46 patients were enrolled and received neoadjuvant treatment. At the time of data cutoff (Jan 31, 2020), the median duration of follow-up was 24·0 months (IQR 21·4–28·1) and 35 of 41 patients who had tumour resection were progression free. At 24 months, progression-free survival was 77·1% (95% CI 59·9–87·7). 43 (93%) of 46 patients had treatment-related adverse events during neoadjuvant treatment, and 14 (30%) had treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or worse; however, none of the adverse events were associated with surgery delays or deaths. The most common grade 3 or worse treatment-related adverse events were increased lipase (three 7%) and febrile neutropenia (three 7%).
Our results support the addition of neoadjuvant nivolumab to platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with resectable stage IIIA NSCLC. Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy could change the perception of locally advanced lung cancer as a potentially lethal disease to one that is curable.
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
To map the scientific research on food environments in Brazil, based on the following questions: How many studies have addressed food environments?; What study designs and methodological approaches ...were applied?; What is the geographic scope of the studies?; What scenarios and dimensions of food environments were studied?; Which population groups were studied?; How were food environments conceptualised?; What are the main limitations of the studies?
Scoping review conducted in four databases, from January 2005 to December 2022, using different food environment-related terms to cover the main types and dimensions proposed in the literature. The studies were independently selected by two authors. A narrative synthesis was used to summarise the findings.
Brazil.
130 articles.
Scientific research on Brazilian food environments has been increasing. The analytical quantitative approach and the cross-sectional design were the most frequently used. Most articles were published in English. The majority of studies evaluated the community food environment, addressed aspects of the physical dimension, sampled the adult population, had food consumption as an outcome, used primary data, and were carried out in capital cities in the Southeast region. Furthermore, in most articles, no conceptual model was explicitly adopted.
Gaps in literature are related to the need for conducting studies in the Brazilian countryside, the support for the formulation of research questions based on conceptual models, the use of valid and reliable instruments to collect primary data, in addition to the need for a greater number of longitudinal, intervention and qualitative studies.
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