Despite the fact that copper (Cu) is a vital micronutrient to maintain body function, high doses of Cu through environmental exposure damage various organs, especially the liver, which is the main ...metabolic organ. To investigate the influence of long-term Cu-induced toxicity on mitophagy and apoptosis in rat liver, 96 seven-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed TBCC for 24 weeks. The results revealed that exposure to high Cu concentrations could promote oxidative stress liver injury by increasing the hepatic function index (ALT, AST and ALP) and MDA content, while reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, GSH-Px and CAT) related to oxidative stress. Consistent with histopathological observations, proper dietary Cu (15–60 mg/kg) could improve antioxidant stress levels and induce a dose-dependent increase in the mRNA expression of mitophagy-related genes, whereas a high Cu concentration (120 mg/kg) could cause severe liver impairment and ultrastructural changes and a reduction in mitophagosomes, accompanied by downregulation of Atg5, Beclin1, Pink1, Parkin, NIX, P62 and LC3B. The expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bax, Bax/Bcl-2, Caspase3, Cytc and p53) and proteins (Caspase3 and p53) was upregulated with the addition of dietary Cu. The results demonstrated that an appropriate dose of TBCC could improve liver function by promoting mitophagy and Cu enzymes that play antioxidative roles, while the accumulation of excess Cu could induce liver lesions by enhancing apoptosis and inhibiting mitophagy pathways.
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•Long-term copper exposure induced oxidative damage and toxicity to rat liver by regulating mitophagy and apoptosis.•Copper exposure attenuated mitophagy through the p53-mediated apoptosis signaling pathway.•Mitophagy might be an adaptive stress response prior to apoptotic cell death.
We report an experiment using a vibrating needle to activate calcium ions and waves in mice muscle tissue fibers. In vivo Ca 2+ migration in mice was observed along with its muscle pathways using ...two-photon laser fluorescence.
Non-covalent interacting porphyrin/Graphene Oxide (GO) nanohybrids were formed in water and confirmed by TEM, Raman, FT-IR, XRD, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The binding constant between ...porphyrin and GO is 2.38 × 103 L mol−1 calculated by Benesi-Hildebrand equation based on absorbance plot, which confirmed a robust porphyrin/GO nanohybrid formation. Fluorescence of porphyrin was effectively quenched by GO indicated the efficient photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from porphyrin moieties to GO, which porphyrin acts as energy absorbing and electron transferring antennae and GO serves as an efficient electron acceptor of the system. The photoelectrical response measurements of porphyrin/GO nanohybrid showed a rapid and reversible on/off photovoltage and photocurrent by the alternative white light. The PET from porphyrin to GO is energetically favorable deduced by calculating free Gibbs energy. Non-covalent porphyrin/GO nanohybrid may be used as photovoltaic conversion materials for photoelectronic applications.
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient element that commonly acted as a feed additive and antimicrobial in agricultural production. Tribasic copper chloride (TBCC) is a relatively new dietary Cu ...source, and its exposure directly or indirectly affects the safety of animals and ecological environment, thus posing a potential risk to human health. Cu overexposure would produce toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may have toxic effects on the host, but the mechanism of neurotoxicity remains unclear. Herein, to explore the effects of long-term TBCC-induced neurotoxicity, 150 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated and treated with different doses of TBCC, and the cortical and hippocampus tissues were harvested at 0, 6, and 12 weeks after treatment. Morris Water Maze (MWM) test showed that excessive intake of TBCC could induce cognitive dysfunction in rats. Moreover, after treatment with 160 mg/kg Cu (276 mg/kg TBCC) for 12 weeks, pathological changes were observed in the cortex and hippocampus, and the number of Nissl bodies decreased significantly in the hippocampus. Additionally, mitochondrial structure was significantly altered and neuronal mitochondrial fusion/fission equilibrium was disrupted in 80 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg Cu groups at 12 weeks. With an increase in TBCC dose and treatment time, the number of mitophagosomes and the expression of mitophagy-related genes were significantly decreased after initially increasing. Furthermore, metformin (Met) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used to regulate the level of mitophagy to further explore the mechanism of Cu-induced nerve cell injury in vitro., and it found that mitophagy activator (Met) would increase mitochondrial fission, while mitophagy inhibitors (3-MA) would aggravate mitochondrial metabolic disorders by promoting mitochondrial fusion and inhibiting mitochondrial division. These results indicate that long-term oral TBCC could impede cognitive function and disrupts mitochondrial metabolism by inhibiting mitophagy, providing an insightful perspective on the neurotoxicity of dietary TBCC.
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•Long-term high levels of TBCC exposure result in cognitive dysfunction in rats.•Excessive TBCC damages neurons by disrupting mitochondria fusion/fission equilibrium.•Activation of mitophagy promotes mitochondrial division.•Inhibition of mitophagy accelerates mitochondrial fusion.•Inhibition of mitophagy exacerbates neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction.
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of tratinterol hydrochloride in bronchial asthma (BA) treatment.
Patients enrolled in this study were distributed randomly into a ...treatment group (tratinterol hydrochloride) and an active control group (procaterol hydrochloride) and were treated for 2 weeks after running-in. The end points were changes in pulmonary function and clinical symptoms after administration. Safety indices were physical examinations, laboratory testing and spontaneous reporting.
We enrolled 732 subjects, −365 in the treatment group and 367 in the active control group. Forced expiratory volume (FEV
1
), significantly increased in both group after treatment (P < 0.05). Least-squares (LS) means were −0.03/in the full-analysis set (FAS) and −0.02 in the per-protocol set (PPS) set, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for these sets were −0.09 to 0.03 and −0.08 to 0.04, respectively. Forced expiratory volume (FVC), morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) and asthma scores were significantly different with pretreatment (P < 0.05). There was no difference in asymptomatic days or frequency of relief medicine use (P > 0.05). No serious adverse events occurred.
Tratinterol hydrochloride was effective, safe and not inferior to procaterol hydrochloride in treating BA.
This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of letosteine and ambroxol hydrochloride for the treatment of sputum thickening and expectoration difficulty due to either acute or chronic ...respiratory diseases. Patients (n = 240) were randomized to receive either letosteine + placebo (50 mg thrice daily, Group A) or ambroxol hydrochloride + placebo (30 mg thrice daily, Group B) orally for 5-14 days. The primary outcomes comprised the total effectiveness rate and the total improvement rate. Secondary outcomes included: post-treatment IgA level changes and post-treatment therapeutic evaluation scoring of clinical symptoms. The full analysis set (FAS) comprised 113 patients in Group A and 116 in Group B. The total effectiveness rates were 95.58% for Group A and 95.69% for Group B. The total improvement rates were 99.12% and 99.14% for Group A and Group B, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups for any of the primary or secondary outcomes in either the FAS or the per protocol populations (PPS; all P-values > 0.05). Letosteine and ambroxol hydrochloride provided equivalent efficacy and safety in the treatment of sputum thickening and expectoration difficulty due to either acute or chronic respiratory diseases.
•Porous carbons (PC) were obtained from the carbonization of MOF-5.•The PC-900 exhibited much higher electrochemical performance than AC.•The PCs derived from MOF-5 were investigated for CDI.•The ...maximum electrosorption capacity of 9.39mgg−1 was obtained by PC-900.
Porous carbon (PC) was easily prepared by synthesis of a metal–organic framework (MOF-5) followed by carbonization step. The morphology, structure, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas, wettability, and electrochemical performance for PCs carbonized at different temperatures from 500 to 1000°C were characterized by the techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption-desorption, contact angle of glycerin, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and compared with a commercially available activated carbon (AC). The results showed that MOF-5 was fully carbonated at 900°C, having the highest specific surface area of 1563.09m2g−1 and the largest pore volume of 1.07cm3g−1. The PC carbonized at 900°C (PC-900) exhibited better wettability, a higher specific capacity and a lower charge transfer resistance than other PCs and AC. In further capacitive deionization (CDI) process, the PC-900 electrode exhibited 9.39mgg−1 CDI capacity, significantly higher than 5.47mgg−1 of AC electrode. More importantly, easy and good repeatability could be obtained for PC-900 electrode. This study suggests that the PC-900 derived from MOF-5 may be a potential electrode material for CDI.
This review summarizes the most-recently updated progress on fabrication strategies and applications of MOF-mediated devices. Enhanced mechanical stability and better recyclability are obtained due ...to 3D continuous bodies. The additional multi-scale pores and densely packed structure render higher both volumetric and gravimetric energy density or adsorption capacity. MOF-device acts as a versatile platform with designability and controllability in various fields.
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•Fabrication strategies and interesting applications of MOF-devices are critically summerized.•Improved mechanical stability, recyclability and volumetric capacity are achieved.•Significant advantages are highlighted compared to MOF powder.•Foreseeable challenges and perspectives for MOF-medicated 3D devices are proposed.
In the past two decades, considerable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been identified and prepared, showing great promise in various fields. In general, the powdery MOFs have limited mechanical strength and poor processability and recyclability owing to the rigidity and fragility of MOFs. Moreover, the cost ease and large-scale production with good controllability and integrity are prerequisites to cross the gap from lab to market, especially for large-scale application. Most recently, the fabrication of MOF-based 3D monoliths is of greatest focus to tackle the aforementioned issues. Herein, we briefly summarize the representative fabrication strategies and features of 3D MOF-monoliths and their application in energy storage, separation, gas storage, bio-medical applications, catalysis and motors. The fabricated MOF-monoliths exhibit excellent advantages and even additional bonus to surpass MOF powder in different aspects, including: 1) improved robustness benefited from substrates and 3D structures; 2) enhanced reusability facilitated by integrity and large-salacity; 3) extra pores and active sites for accommodating more guest molecules; 4) ease in medical supplies preparation with enhanced processabilities. Thus, MOF-monoliths have promising advantages with good commercial-transnationality and clinical-transnationality.
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