A nanocomposite is described that consists of TmPO
4
and graphene oxide (GO) and is used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain a sensor for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid ...(AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). GO and TmPO
4
were synthesized via the Hummers method and by a hydrothermal method, respectively. The nanocomposite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of the modified GCE were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The good performance of the modified GCE results from the synergistic effects between GO with its good electrical conductivity and of TmPO
4
as the electron mediator that accelerates the electron transfer rate. Compared to a bare GCE, a GO/GCE and a TmPO
4
/GCE, the GO/TmPO
4
/GCE exhibits three well-defined and separated oxidation peaks (at −0.05, +0.13 and + 0.26 V vs. SCE). Responses to AA, DA and UA are linear in the 0.1–1.0 mM, 2–20 μM and 10–100 μM concentration ranges, respectively.
Graphical abstract
Schematic presentation of a nanocomposite that consists TmPO
4
and graphene oxide (GO) and is used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain a sensor for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA).
Energy supply policy quality is an important factor that would impact national energy security. While existing research conducted policy evaluation from the lens of performance assessment, less study ...has been devoted to evaluating energy supply policy from the perspective of policy making. This study takes the energy supply policy documents issued by China's central government during the ‘13th Five‐Year Plan’ period (2016–2020) as the research sample, and pioneers the use of the extended policy modelling consistency (PMC) index model combined with the text mining methodology to construct a policy evaluation index system with the characteristics of the energy supply policy which conducts a more in‐depth quantitative evaluation of the energy supply policy documents. The results show that the average PMC index value of China's energy supply policies is 7.26, and the overall quality is high. The concerns of existing policies are mainly focused on reform and development planning, safety production management and project engineering construction, but there is still room for improvement in policy predictability, coordination of policy areas, clarity of policy basis and goals and comprehensiveness of policy tool combinations. Based on this, China should improve the comprehensiveness of its energy supply policy tool combinations in terms of policy design norm; strengthen policy predictability and coordination of policy areas in terms of policy implementation guarantee; and clarify the basis and goals of policies in terms of policy orientation enhancement, to provide a reference basis for the formulation and improvement of future energy supply policies and to realise the sustainable development of energy supply.
Graphical
This study takes the energy supply policies issued by China's central government during the ‘13th Five‐Year Plan’ period as the object of research and utilises the extended policy modelling consistency index model to conduct a multidimensional evaluation of energy supply policies. The results show that the overall quality of China's energy supply policies is high, but there is still room for improvement in terms of policy predictability, coordination of policy areas, clarity of policy basis and goals and comprehensiveness of policy tool combinations. Based on this, this paper gives the corresponding suggestions to provide a reference basis for the formulation and improvement of subsequent energy supply policies.
Ce-MOF/CNTs nanocomposites were prepared by a simple method and post-treated with NaOH/H2O2 mixed solution. The morphology and structure of the treated samples were characterized by transmission ...electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the post treatment induces the Ce-MOF morphological changing from rod-like structure into particles, which are covered on the surface of CNTs. XPS demonstrates that there are two-valence (TV) of Ce3+/Ce4+ in the post-treated Ce-MOF/CNTs (TV) composite. The electrochemical behaviors of nanocomposite were also investigated on electrochemical work station. By utilization of the good electrical conductivity of CNT, the two-valence of Ce and the high surface area of MOF, the nanocomposites were used to fabricate the electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC). Compared to the Ce-MOF/CNTs/GCE, the post-treated Ce-MOF (TV)/CNTs/GCE exhibited two well-defined peaks for the electrochemical oxidation of HQ and CC. The linear ranges responding to HQ and CC are 10~100 μM and 5~50 μM respectively.
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•The post-treatment with NaOH/H2O2 mixed solution induces two-valence state of Ce3+ and Ce4+ in Ce-MOF/CNTs nanocomposites.•The presence of CNT in Ce-MOF/CNTs nanocomposites retain good crystalline property of Ce-MOF.•The Ce3+/Ce4+ redox pair improves the electrochemical catalysis effect towards the detection of HQ and CC.
A nanocomposite is described that consists of TmPO
and graphene oxide (GO) and is used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain a sensor for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid ...(AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). GO and TmPO
were synthesized via the Hummers method and by a hydrothermal method, respectively. The nanocomposite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of the modified GCE were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The good performance of the modified GCE results from the synergistic effects between GO with its good electrical conductivity and of TmPO
as the electron mediator that accelerates the electron transfer rate. Compared to a bare GCE, a GO/GCE and a TmPO
/GCE, the GO/TmPO
/GCE exhibits three well-defined and separated oxidation peaks (at -0.05, +0.13 and + 0.26 V vs. SCE). Responses to AA, DA and UA are linear in the 0.1-1.0 mM, 2-20 μM and 10-100 μM concentration ranges, respectively. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of a nanocomposite that consists TmPO
and graphene oxide (GO) and is used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain a sensor for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA).
A nanocomposite is described that consists of TmPO.sub.4 and graphene oxide (GO) and is used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain a sensor for simultaneous determination of ascorbic ...acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). GO and TmPO.sub.4 were synthesized via the Hummers method and by a hydrothermal method, respectively. The nanocomposite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of the modified GCE were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The good performance of the modified GCE results from the synergistic effects between GO with its good electrical conductivity and of TmPO.sub.4 as the electron mediator that accelerates the electron transfer rate. Compared to a bare GCE, a GO/GCE and a TmPO.sub.4/GCE, the GO/TmPO.sub.4/GCE exhibits three well-defined and separated oxidation peaks (at -0.05, +0.13 and + 0.26 V vs. SCE). Responses to AA, DA and UA are linear in the 0.1-1.0 mM, 2-20 muM and 10-100 muM concentration ranges, respectively.
Achyranthes bidentata and Achyranthes aspera are saponin and steroid rich medicinal plants,used extensively for therapeutic treatments in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and Ayurveda.A.bidentata is ...reported to be one of the rare and extensively exploited medicinal plant species that face the issue of being endangered.Finding qualitative substitute with identical phyto-constituents contributing to similar composition and pharmacological benefits will help in reducing the burden of exploitation of the natural habitats of such plants.In the present study,a comparative metabolite analysis of the whole drug and specific tissues isolated by laser micro-dissection(LMD)was carried out for both the selected species,by use of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-QTOF MS).The results of the study indicate that the cortex and the medullary ray tissues are rich in their content of steroidal and saponin constituents such as(25S)-inokosterone-20,22-acetonide,ginsenoside Ro,bidentatoside II and achyranthoside B.Metabolite profiling of the whole tissues of both the species indicates presence of identical constituents.Thus,it is inferred that A.bidentata and A.aspera can be used as qualitative substitutes for each other.
•The impacts of BRI on port clusters along the MSR is determined.•A systematic optimization is proposed.•Industry transfer and the production capacity constraints are considered.•A method is proposed ...to predict the process of manufacturing relocation.•The labor supply function is established to determine production capacity constraint.
This paper addresses a port cluster problem that considers industry transfer and the capacity constraints along the Maritime Silk Road (MSR). A method is proposed based on hub and spoke network model and spatial competition model to determine the equilibrium port supply and manufacturing scale along the MSR. The model is simplified into a nonlinear one by converting objective functions into constraints. The numerical analyses indicate that Jawahalal Nehru Port and Singapore Port will be still hubs as their current situation with Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and port cluster growth will benefit both manufacturing industry and social welfare.
Purpose
To explore the elastic values obtained by shear wave elastography (SWE) in assessing renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Methods
One hundred and twenty-four patients with CKD who ...underwent renal biopsy were prospectively enrolled between April 2019 and June 2021. SWE was performed to measure the renal cortex stiffness, presented as SWE parameters, including the minimum, mean, and maximum elasticity (namely Emin, Emean, and Emax). Then, the patients with different kidney pathological impairment (mild, moderate, and severe groups) were compared in SWE elasticity and the discriminative capacity was also analyzed.
Results
For the pathology impaired grade, SWE parameter was significantly reduced in the moderately and severely impaired group than the mild one. Emax parameter achieved the best discriminative ability toward differentiating moderate–severe impairment from mild one, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.764 (95%CI: 0.681–0.848). Regarding interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy and global glomerular sclerosis, the Emax values were significantly reduced across the group of patients with moderate grade compared to those with mild grade. Patients in severe group were also with reduced elastic value than those in mild one, while the difference was non-significant in interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy but a borderline statistical significance was achieved in global glomerular sclerosis. For grade of vessel wall thickening, patients in moderate (33.04 ± 9.86 kPa,
P
= 0.009) and severe (31.42 ± 9.16 kPa,
P
< 0.001) group were with significantly lower elastic value compared with those in the mild one (39.58 ± 9.67 kPa). The SWE parameter was linearly reduced as grade of vessel wall thickening elevated (
P
for trend: < 0.001).
Conclusion
SWE derived elastic values reduced as pathology grade of renal fibrosis or grade of vessel wall thickening progresses in patients with CKD, which may be attributed to renal hypo-perfusion rather than tubulo-interstitial fibrosis progression.
Graphical abstract
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