Widely varied compounds, including certain plasticizers, hypolipidemic drugs (e.g., ciprofibrate, fenofibrate, WY-14643, and clofibrate), agrochemicals, and environmental pollutants, are peroxisome ...proliferators (PPs). Appropriate dose of PPs causes a moderate increase in the number and size of peroxisomes and the expression of genes encoding peroxisomal lipid-metabolizing enzymes. However, high-dose PPs cause varied harmful effects. Chronic administration of PPs to mice and rats results in hepatomegaly and ultimately carcinogenesis. Nuclear receptor protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (Pparα) was shown to be required for this process. However, biological adaptations to minimize this risk are poorly understood. In this study, we found that miR-181a2 expression was induced by the Pparα agonist WY-14643. Moreover, exogenous expression of miR-181a-5p dramatically alleviated the cell toxicity caused by overactivation of Pparα. Further studies showed that miR-181a-5p directly targeted the Pparα 3′ untranslated region and depressed the Pparα protein level. This study identified a feedback loop between miR-181a-5p and Pparα, which allows biological systems to approach a balance when Pparα is overactivated.
Surface ozone concentration and UV-B data between 75° N and 70° S were obtained aboard the Chinese polar scientific vessel “Xue -long” (Snow-Dragon) during the first voyage to the Arctic and the 16th ...to the Antarctic in 1999–2000. Analysis of these data presents that variations of the surface ozone concentration have small amplitude during voyages except the mid-latitude in the Northern Hemisphere. As a whole, average surface ozone concentration in the Northern Hemisphere is higher than that in the Southern, and high value occurred when the ship sailed close to the continents. The average diurnal variations of the surface ozone in the Northern Hemisphere are also higher compared to the southern counterparts, and high diurnal variations were found at low latitudes, and relative low level in the polar region.
In this study, a method based on singular vector analysis is proposed to improve El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictions. Its essential idea is that the initial errors are projected onto ...their optimal growth patterns, which are propagated by the tangent linear model (TLM) of the original prediction model. The forecast errors at a given lead time of predictions are obtained, and then removed from the raw predictions. This method is applied to a realistic ENSO prediction model for improving prediction skill for the period from 1980 to 1999. This correction method considerably improves the ENSO prediction skill, compared with the original predictions without the correction.
Using hindcasts of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model, the relationships between interannual variability （IAV） and intraseasonal variability （ISV） of the Asian-western Pacific summer ...monsoon are diagnosed. Predictions show reasonable skill with respect to some basic characteristics of the ISV and IAV of the western North Pacific summer monsoon （WNPSM） and the Indian summer monsoon （ISM）. However, the links between the seasonally averaged ISV （SAISV） and seasonal mean of ISM are overestimated by the model. This deficiency may be partially attributable to the overestimated frequency of long breaks and underestimated frequency of long active spells of ISV in normal ISM years, although the model is capable of capturing the impact of ISV on the seasonal mean by its shift in the probability of phases. Furthermore, the interannual relationships of seasonal mean, SAISV, and seasonally averaged long-wave variability （SALWV; i.e., the part with periods longer than the intraseasonal scale） of the WNPSM and ISM with SST and low-level circulation are examined. The observed seasonal mean, SAISV, and SALWV show similar correlation patterns with SST and atmospheric circulation, but with different details. However, the model presents these correlation distributions with unrealistically small differences among different scales, and it somewhat overestimates the teleconnection between monsoon and tropical central-eastern Pacific SST for the ISM, but underestimates it for the WNPSM, the latter of which is partially related to the too-rapid decrease in the impact of E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation with forecast time in the model.
The adoption of super electrochemical capacitors (SECs) as replacements for aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) in alternating current (AC) filter circuits has attracted significant research ...interest. This trend is primarily driven by their high specific capacitance and low space occupancy, making SECs promising candidates for future portable electronic devices. In this work, MBene was prepared through a simple one-pot hydrothermal reaction and first used as the electrode material for AC filtering symmetric SECs. Specifically, the devices exhibit a high specific area capacitance of 702 μF cm–2 and a large negative phase angle of 54.8° at 120 Hz, a small resistor-capacitor (RC) time constant of 0.96 ms, and high-rate capability up to 1000 V s–1. In addition, a theoretical investigation was conducted to examine the characteristics of ion diffusion and adsorption on the MBene surface. These MBene-based SECs open opportunities for the future development of portable power electronics.
Epitaxial growth technology has garnered widespread attention in the field of perovskite solar cells for its potential to produce high-quality crystals with preferred orientations and superior ...photoelectric properties. However, achieving rational epitaxial growth in the fabrication process of perovskite solar cells still remains a challenging task. A thorough understanding of the fundamental principles of epitaxial growth and an appreciation of the unique advantages of the main epitaxial strategies are crucial for the effective application of this technique in the realm of metal halide perovskites. Unfortunately, due to the lack of a comprehensive summary of the epitaxial metal halide perovskite solar cells, current researchers have insufficiently explored the application of epitaxial growth methods, leading to a limited understanding of the underlying principles and immature process development. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the principle of epitaxial growth technologies, the main epitaxial strategies, and the latest research progresses in its application to perovskite solar cells, aiming to assist readers in better understanding and applying this technique in the context of perovskite solar cells.
A universal platform with M_n doping and hyaluronic acid （HA） modification, based on mesoporous silica （mSiO2）, was designed and used as a basic multifunctional material with magnetic resonance （MR） ...imaging. Furthermore, we added flexible functions through the addition of functional molecules. Specially, two typical compounds, hydrophobic perfluorooctyl bromide （PFOB） and hydrophilic doxorubicin （DOX）, were loaded into the channels to obtain PFOB@Mn@mSiO2@HA （PMMH） or DOX@Mn@mSiO2@HA （DMMH） or imaging and therapy, respectively. The were highly targeted to the lymph system in nanoparticles for dual-mode imaging PMMH and DMMH nanoparticles vitro and in vivo. MR and ultrasound imaging of PMMH nanoparticles were performed in the lymph system, while MR imaging and chemotherapy of DMMH nanoparticles was used to detect cancer. These results showed that both PMMH and DMMH nanoparficles can be designed with high lymph targeting efficiency. PMMH nanoparticles are a dual-mode contrast agent for both ultrasound and MR imaging for the lymph system and DMMH nanoparticles are powerful agents for the combined diagnosis and therapy of cancer in vivo.
One of the most important outcomes of market reforms in China has been the emergence of a significant domestic private sector. This book presents an analysis of the management and operation of these ...domestic private firms, which are defined as companies or organizations created by PRC citizens, including township enterprises and collectives.
Accurate and timely diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection is essential to initiate early treatment and achieve a favorable outcome. In this study, we used a rabbit model to assess the feasibility ...of technetium-99m-labeled annexin V for detecting prosthetic joint infection. Right knee arthroplasty was performed on 24 New Zealand rabbits. After surgery, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was intra-articularly injected to create a model of prosthetic joint infection （the infected group, n = 12）. Rabbits in the control group were injected with sterile saline （n= 12）. Seven and 21 days after surgery, technetium-99m-labeled annexin V imaging was per- formed in 6 rabbits of each group. Images were acquired 1 and 4 hours after injection of technetium-99m- labeled annexin V （150 MBq）. The operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios were calculated for quantitative ana- lysis. Seven days after surgery, increased technetium-99m-labeled annexin V uptake was observed in all cases. However, at 21 days a notable decrease was found in the control group, but not in the infected group. The operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios of the infected group were 1.84 ±0.29 in the early phase and 2.19 ±0.34 in the delay phase, both of which were significantly higher than those of the control group （P=0.03 and P=0.02）. The receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed that the operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios of the delay phase at 21 days was the best indicator, with an accuracy of 80%. In conclusion, technetium- 99m-labeled annexin V imaging could effectively distinguish an infected prosthetic joint from an uninfected prosthetic joint in a rabbit model.
Based on the comprehensive observation of the surface layer and the agriculture ecosystem at Yangtdz Delta, we study the turbulence fluxes of CO2, sensible heat, latent heat and momentum at Changshu, ...Jiangsu Province during the transplanting, jointing and ears‐emerging of the rice growth stages for the rice field. The result shows that the rice field acts as a sink of CO2 for every growth stage. The rice absorbs CO2 during daytime but releases it during nighttime. The absorption amount of CO2 during the ears‐emerging stage is larger than that in the stages of transplanting and jointing. The surface layer is a heat source of atmosphere and the heating is mainly through latent heat release. The ratio of sensible heat flux to latent heat flux is only 0.06 during the ears‐emerging stage. Remarkable correlations exits between change of the turbulence fluxes of CO2 and the components of radiation balance, as well as different meteorological factors.
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