One kind of particularly interesting pseudoscalar particles, called axion-like particles (ALPs), have rich physical phenomenology at high- and low-energy collider experiments. After discussing most ...of single production channels of ALP at electron-positron colliders, we investigate the possibility of detecting this kind of new particles through the W
+
W
-
fusion process e
+
e
-
→
ν
¯
e
ν
e
a
(
→
γ
γ
)
at the CLIC. The 3
σ
and 5
σ
bounds on the ALP parameter space at the three energy stages of the CLIC are obtained. We find that the bounds given by the CLIC are complementary to the existing experiments exclusion regions.
New pseudoscalars, axion-like particles (ALPs), provide the exciting target for present and future collider-based experiments. Search for ALPs is performed in this paper via the W+W− fusion process ...e−e+→νeνe‾a→νeνe‾ff‾ at the 1 TeV ILC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1 ab−1 and the beam polarization P(e−, e+)=(−80%, +20%). Owing to the good capability of the ILC in performing b-tagging and the sufficiently large branching ratio of the ALP decaying into a pair of b quarks, the decay channel a→bb‾ is mainly concerned. The prospective sensitivities provided by the ILC on the ALP-fermion coupling as low as 1 TeV−1 and 1.75 TeV−1 are derived at 95% confidence level in the ALP mass intervals 37−50 GeV and 52−300 GeV, respectively. Our results will help to probe significant parameter space in an unexplored region beyond the existing constraints.
Vector-like leptons (VLLs) as one kind of the most intriguing particles, have been widely concerned in several extensions of the Standard Model (SM). In this work, we explore the discovery potential ...of VLLs via pair production in the context of models that satisfy asymptotic safety at the International Linear Collider (ILC). The expected sensitivities of the ILC with the center of mass energy s=1 TeV and the integrated luminosity L=1 ab−1 to the parameter space of this kind of VLL models are derived. The results we obtained show that, for the VLL with mass MF in the region of MF∈101 GeV,463 GeV, the Yukawa coupling κ can be as low as κ∈0.032,0.098.
A
bstract
In this paper, we attempt to implement the neutrino
μ
-τ reflection symmetry (which predicts
θ
23
=
π
/4 and
δ
= ±
π
/2 as well as trivial Majorana phases) in the minimal seesaw (which ...enables us to fix the neutrino masses). For some direct (the preliminary experimental hints towards
θ
23
≠
π
/4 and δ ≠ −
π
/2) and indirect (inclusion of the renormalization group equation effect and implementation of the leptogenesis mechanism) reasons, we particularly study the breakings of this symmetry and their phenomenological consequences.
As the widespread application of online instruments penetrates the environmental fields, it is interesting to investigate the sources of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) based on the data monitored by ...online instruments. In this study, online analyzers with 1-h time resolution were employed to observe PM2.5 composition data, including carbon components, inorganic ions, heavy metals and gas pollutants, during a summer in Beijing. Chemical characteristics, temporal patterns and sources of PM2.5 are discussed. On the basis of hourly data, the mean concentration value of PM2.5 was 62.16±39.37μgm−3 (ranging from 6.69 to 183.67μgm−3). The average concentrations of NO3−, SO42−, NH4+, OC and EC, the major chemical species, were 15.18±13.12, 14.80±14.53, 8.90±9.51, 9.32±4.16 and 3.08±1.43μgm−3, respectively. The concentration of PM2.5 varied during the online-sampling period, initially increasing and then subsequently decreasing. Three factor analysis models, including principal component analysis (PCA), positive matrix factorization (PMF) and Multilinear Engine 2 (ME2), were applied to apportion the PM2.5 sources. Source apportionment results obtained by the three different models were in agreement. Four sources were identified in Beijing during the sampling campaign, including secondary sources (38–39%), crustal dust (17–22%), vehicle exhaust (25–28%) and coal combustion (15–16%). Similar source profiles and contributions of PM2.5 were derived from ME2 and PMF, indicating the results of the two models are reasonable. The finding provides information that could be exploited for regular air control strategies.
Display omitted
•PM2.5 was measured by online instruments with 1-h time resolution in Beijing.•Chemical characteristic and temporal patterns of PM2.5 and components were discussed.•PCA, PMF and ME2, were applied to apportion the sources based on the online dataset.
A differential evolution particle swarm optimization (DEPSO) is presented for the design of a high-phase-sensitivity surface plasmon resonance (SPR) gas sensor. The gas sensor is based on a bilayer ...metal film with a hybrid structure of blue phosphorene (BlueP)/transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and MXene. Initially, a Ag-BlueP/TMDCs-Ag-MXene heterostructure is designed, and its performance is compared with that of the conventional layer-by-layer method and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results indicate that optimizing the thickness of the layers in the gas sensor promotes phase sensitivity. Specifically, the phase sensitivity of the DEPSO is significantly higher than that of the PSO and the conventional method, while maintaining a lower reflectivity. The maximum phase sensitivity achieved is 1.866 × 106 deg/RIU with three layers of BlueP/WS2 and a monolayer of MXene. The distribution of the electric field is also illustrated, demonstrating that the optimized configuration allows for better detection of various gases. Due to its highly sensitive characteristics, the proposed design method based on the DEPSO can be applied to SPR gas sensors for environmental monitoring.
The nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) signaling cascades is a key transcriptional pathway governing cellular oxidative stress and tumor ...development. Mammalian hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) has critical roles in modulating cancer malignance and tumor progression. However, whether HBXIP interacts with KEAP1 and NRF2 is unclear. Here, we found that HBXIP can effectually compete with NRF2 for binding with KEAP1 protein via its highly conserved GLNLG motif. The HBXIP-mediated reduction in NRF2-KEAP1 complexes promotes NRF2 accumulation and nuclear entry, which facilities the activation of antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent signaling cascades, thereby reducing the accumulation of endogenous cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also found a strong positive correlation between HBXIP expression and NRF2 expression in breast cancer cells, tissue microarrays and clinical breast cancer tissues. Furthermore, this positive correlation was further confirmed via analysis of 1905 clinical cases of breast carcinoma provided by the cancer genomics database cBioPortal. Strikingly, disrupting the HBXIP-KEAP1 axis via mutating the GLNLG motif of HBXIP leads to potent inhibition of the malignancy of breast carcinoma both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings broaden our understanding of HBXIP as a modulation factor of cellular oxidative stress and address a novel regulatory mechanism governing redox homeostasis and the progression of breast carcinoma.
Existences of vector-like quarks (VLQs) are predicted in many new physics scenarios beyond the Standard Model (SM). We study the possibility of detecting the vector-like bottom quark (VLQ-
B
) being ...the
SU
(2) singlet with electric charge
-
1
/
3
at Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) in a model-independent framework. The decay properties and single production of VLQ-
B
at the LHeC are explored. Three types of signatures are investigated. By carrying out a fast simulation for the signals and the corresponding backgrounds, the signal significances are obtained. Our numerical results show that detecting of VLQ-
B
via the semileptonic channel is better than via the fully hadronic or leptonic channel.
Considering the superior performances of the future e-p colliders, LHeC and FCC-eh, we discuss the feasibility of detecting the extra neutral scalar
h
2
and the light gauge boson
Z
μ
τ
, which are ...predicted by the
U
(
1
)
L
μ
-
L
τ
model. Taking into account the experimental constraints on the relevant free parameters, we consider all possible production channels of
h
2
and
Z
μ
τ
at e-p colliders and further investigate their observability through the optimal channels in the case of the beam polarization
P
(
e
-
)
=
-
0.8
. We find that the signal significance above
5
σ
of
h
2
as well as
Z
μ
τ
detecting can be achieved via
process and a
5
σ
sensitivity of
Z
μ
τ
detecting can be gained via
process at e-p colliders with appropriate parameter values and a designed integrated luminosity. However, the signals of
h
2
decays into pair of SM particles are difficult to be detected.
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