Each sleep phase is characterized by specific chemical, cellular and anatomic events
of vital importance for normal neural functioning. Different forms of sleep deprivation may lead to a
decline of ...cognitive functions in individuals. Studies in this field make a distinction between total sleep
deprivation, chronic sleep restriction, and the situation of sleep disruption. Investigations covering the
acute effects of sleep deprivation on the brain show that the discovered behavioral deficits in most cases
regenerate after two nights of complete sleep. However, some studies done on mice emphasize the
possible chronic effects of long-term sleep deprivation or chronic restriction on the occurrence of neurodegenerative
diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. In order to better understand the acute
and chronic effects of sleep loss, the mechanisms of neural adaptation in the situations of insufficient
sleep need to be further investigated. Future integrative research on the impact of sleep deprivation on
neural functioning measured through the macro level of cognitive functions and the micro molecular and
cell level could contribute to more accurate conclusions about the basic cellular mechanisms responsible
for the detected behavioral deficits occurring due to sleep deprivation.
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic disorder which is affecting mostly postmenopausal women and is characterized by burning symptoms in the oral cavity on the clinically healthy oral mucosa. ...Also, the results of previous studies suggested a possible role of peripheral and/or central neurological disturbances in these patients. The aim of this study was to analyze patients with burning mouth syndrome using transcranial sonography.
By use of transcranial sonography of the brain parenchyma,
, midbrain raphe and brain nucleus were evaluated in 20 patients with BMS (64.7±12.3 years) and 20 controls with chronic pain in the lumbosacral region (61.5±15). Statistical analysis was performed by use of Student t test with significance set at p<0.05.
The results of this study have shown hypoechogenicity of the
and
as well as hyperechogenicity of the
in BMS patients (p<0,05) as compared to controls.
Altered transcranial sonography findings of the
,
and
eus in patients with burning mouth syndrome might reflect central disturbances within this syndrome.
Burning Mouth Syndrome; Transcranial Sonography; substantia nigra; Midbrain Raphe Nuclei; Red Nucleus.
Main objective of this thesis is to demonstrate and explain more closely rehabilitation process after ventralization and medialization of the patella that includes implementation of physical therapy ...and kinesitherapeutical plan and program. Because of extremely increased Q angle i.e. angle between quadriceps tendon and patellotibial ligament pain in lateral patellofemoral joint occurs and stronger straining of the knee can cause patellar subluxation or dislocation.Permanent success of Elmslie-Trillat surgery method is achieved by early start and daily implementation of correct rehabilitation program that is assembled by physical therapist and kinesitherapist with regular follow ups by an orthopedic surgeon. Here is demonstrated 12 week rehabilitation program which needs to be adjusted to every patient and its implementation should be planned to be slower or quicker in collaboration with ortopedic surgeon.Exercises by the physical therapist program starts already second day after the surgery after the drain removal and patient verticalization with passive exercise of the knee joint. From physical procedures in rehablitation are applied: electrotherapy, magneto therapy, ultrasound therapy, laser therapy and cryotherapy. At the same time with the physical procedures kynesitherapy is implemented based on rehabilitation plan and program, and those are: active and passive exercises, exercses of the open and closed kinetic chain, static and dynamic exercises, proprioceptive exercises and straining exercises by PNF method.Rehabilitation program should bring the patient into completely rehabilitated state so patient could continue with his everyday activities and sport activities. At the implementation of the program it should be careful not to put too much pressure on the knee which could cause injury.Original Abstract: Glavni cilj ovog rada je prikazati i poblize objasniti rehabilitacijski postupak nakon ventralizacije i medijalizacije patele, koji ukljucuje koristenje fizikalnih sredstava i kineziterapijski plan i program. Zbog izrazito povecanog Q kuta tj. kuta izmeethu tetive kvadricepsa i ligamenta patelotibiale javlja se bol u lateralnom patelofemoralnom zglobu, a jace naprezanje koljena moze uzrokovati patelarnu subluksaciju ili dislokaciju.Do trajnog uspjeha operacije metodom Elmslie-Trillat vodi rani pocetak i svakodnevno provoethenje pravilnog rehabilitacijskog programa, kojeg zajed noizraethuju lijecnik, fizioterapeut i kineziterapeut. Prikazan je program u trajanju 12 tjedana koji treba prilagoditi svakom svakom pacijentu i njegovo provoethenje planirati ubrzano ili usporeno u dogovoru s operaterom-ortopedom.Vjezbe po programu fizioterapeuta zapocinju vec drugi dan po operaciji nakon vaethenja drena i vertikaliziranja pacijenta, pasivnim razgibavanjem koljenog zgloba. Od fizikalnih procedura u rehabilitaciji se primjenjuju: elektroterapija, magnetoterapija, terapija ultrazvukom i laserom, te krioterapija. Istovremeno sfizikalnim procedurama provodi se kineziterapija prema rehabilitacijskom planu i programu, a izvode se: pasivne i aktivne vjezbe, vjezbe otvorenog i zatvorenog kinetickog lanca, staticke i dinamicke vjezbe, vjezbe propriocepcije,vjezbe istezanja PNF metodom.Rehabilitacijski program treba dovesti pacijenta u potpuno rehabilitirano stanje, da moze nastaviti sa svakodnevnim aktivnostima i daljnjim bavljenjem sportom. Kod provoethenja programa treba posebno paziti da ne doethe do preranog opterecenja operiranog koljena,sto bi moglo izazvati ozljedu.
Uvod: Sindrom pekućih usta (SPU) kronični je poremećaj koji uglavnom zahvaća žene u postmenopauzi, a svojstven mu je osjećaj pečenja u usnoj šupljini unatoč potpuno zdravoj oralnoj sluznici. ...Rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja sugeriraju moguću ulogu centralnih i/ili perifernih neuroloških poremećaja. Ispitanici i postupci: U skupini od 20 ispitanika sa SPU-om (64,7 ± 12,3 godina) i njih 20 u kontrolnoj skupini (61,5 ± 15 godina) s bolovima u lumbosakralnom dijelu leđa, transkranijalnom sonografijom evaluirani su moždani parenhim, crna tvar (substantia nigra), središnji niz stanica smješten u formatio reticularis lateralno od rapha medulla oblongata (nucleus raphe) i crvena jezgra (nucleus ruber). Statistička analiza obavljena je Studentovim t-testom sa značajnošću od p < 0,05. Rezultati: Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da se kod oboljelih od SPU-a (p < 0,05), u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom, pojavljuje hipoehogenost substantia nigra i nuclei raphe, a hiperehogen ostaje nucleus ruber. Zaključak: Možemo zaključiti da promijenjeni nalazi transkranijalne sonografije moždanoga parenhima, nucleus raphe i crvene jezgre (nucleus ruber) kod bolesnika sa SPU-om mogu odražavati centralne poremećaje u sklopu ovog sindroma.
Idiopatska adolescentna skolioza patološka je posturalna adaptacija u 65% slučajeva između ostalih skolioza. Uzroci nastanka utvrđeni su ili se pretpostavljaju kroz niz znanstvenih istraživanja i ...klinička iskustva. Istraživanja ukazuju na povezanost IAS s patološkim obrascem pokretanja i patološkom posturalnom adaptacijom koju uvjetuje način funkcioniranja središnjeg živčanog sustava. Obrazac patološke posturalne adaptacije potvrđen je iz više kutova; fiziološkom analizom mekih tkiva i specifičnosti funkcioniranja organskih sustava, biomehaničkom analizom muskulature i zglobnih sustava, analizom pokretljivosti i stupnja motoričke funkcije segmenata tijela i cijelog tijela te kliničkim iskustvom tijekom operativnih zahvata i terapijskih postupaka kod djece s IAS.
Idiopathic adolescent scoliosis (IAS) is a pathologic postural adaptation in 65% of cases of scolioses. The causes of this condition are determined or suggested by a series of scientific studies and ...clinical experience. The results of the studies imply the correlation of IAS, the pathologic movement pattern and the pathologic postural adaptation which is governed by the central nervous system's mode of function. The pattern of pathologic postural adaptation has been confirmed by different methods and procedures: a physiological analysis of the soft tissues and of the specific functioning of organs' systems, a biomechanical analysis of the muscles and joints, an analysis of mobility and the degree of motor function of body segments as well as of the whole body and also by the clinical experience gained from surgical and treatment procedures on children with IAS. Key words: idiopathic adolescent scoliosis, postural adaptation, IAS causes Idiopatska adolescentna skolioza patoloska je posturalna adaptacija u 65% slucajeva izmecu ostalih skolioza. Uzroci nastanka utvrceni su ili se pretpostavljaju kroz niz znanstvenih istrazivanja i klinicka iskustva. Istrazivanja ukazuju na povezanost IAS s patoloskim obrascem pokretanja i patoloskom posturalnom adaptacijom koju uvjetuje nacin funkcioniranja sredisnjeg zivcanog sustava. Obrazac patoloske posturalne adaptacije potvrcen je iz vise kutova; fizioloskom analizom mekih tkiva i specificnosti funkcioniranja organskih sustava, biomehanickom analizom muskulature i zglobnih sustava, analizom pokretljivosti i stupnja motoricke funkcije segmenata tijela i cijelog tijela te klinickim iskustvom tijekom operativnih zahvata i terapijskih postupaka kod djece s IAS. Kljucne rijeci: idiopatska adolescentna skolioza, posturalna adaptacija, uzroci IAS
Venska cirkulacija obuhvaća plućne vene, sistemske vene i venske sinuse prisutne isključivo u lubanji. Cerebralni venski sustav dijeli se u dva glavna dijela, površinski i dubinski cerebralni venski ...sustav. Glavna zadaća venske cirkulacije je uklanjanje deoksigenirane krvi i štetnih tvari iz tkiva te njihovo odvođenje prema srcu. Vene u usporedbi s arterijama imaju tanju stijenku i veći lumen. U svakom trenu oko 60%-70% ukupnog krvnog volumena u tijelu nalazi se u venama. Glavni čimbenici koji utječu na funkciju venskog sustava su respiracijski ciklus, tonus vena, funkcija desne strane srca, gravitacija te funkcija mišićne pumpe. Venska cirkulacija se, općenito, može prikazati invazivnom metodom selektivne venografije i neinvazivnim metodama dopler sonografije, CT venografijom i MR venografijom. Cerebralni venski sustav prikazuje se selektivnom venografijom, moždanom CT venografijom, moždanom MR venografijom i specijaliziranom intrakranijskom i ekstrakranijskom dopler sonografijom. Cilj ovoga rada je opisati mogućnosti prikazivanja venske cirkulacije glave i vrata pomoću metoda ultrazvučnog prikaza, naročito kronične venske insuficijencije kao jednog od najčešćih patofizioloških entiteta koji se povezuju s nastankom neurodegenerativnih bolesti.
The aim of this research is to examine university students' attitudes on recreational exercise. The sample included 473 students from the University of Zagreb. We analyzed the data by analysis of ...frequency and a statistical method called "Relation model of action". The results indicated that there were two general courses in students' attitudes on recreation activities. The first course represents general values and the second course reflects the attitudes on specific sports and recreational activities. It can be concluded that university students recognize the importance of exercise but they do not understand its real meaning and they do not exercise regularly. Therefore, it is important to foster positive attitudes towards exercise early in youth, which would allow young people to preserve the healthy habit of exercise throughout their whole life. There is a need for quality system of education, which would start early in childhood.
Venous system can be classified as pulmonary veins, systemic veins and venous sinuses that are present only within the skull. Cerebral venous system is divided into two main parts, the superficial ...and the deep system. The main assignment of veins is to carry away deoxygenated blood and other maleficient materials from the tissues towards the heart. Veins have thinner walls and larger lumina than arteries. Between 60% and 70% of the total blood volume is found in veins. The major factors that influence venous function are the respiratory cycle, venous tone, the function of the right heart, gravity, and the muscle pump. Venous system, in general, can be presented by selective venography, Doppler sonography, computed tomography (CT) venography and magnetic resonance (MR) venography, and cerebral venous system can be displayed by selective venography, cerebral CT venography, cerebral MR venography, and specialized extracranial and transcranial Doppler sonography. The aim of this paper is to show the possibilities of intracranial and extracranial ultrasound evaluation of the head and neck venous circulation and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency as one of the most common pathologies evaluated as part of neurodegenerative processes in the central nervous system.
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