A new salsify species, Tragopogon davutii‐turanii, is described from Anatolia based on micro‐/macro‐morphological and molecular evidence. The new species is morphologically similar to T. vvedenskyi ...and T. abbreviatus, but differs from T. vvedenskyi mainly in ligule colour and from T. abbreviatus by achene characters and number of phyllaries. In contrast to morphological similarities, based on the phylogenetic tree obtained from nrDNA ITS sequences T. davutii‐turanii is closely related to T. stenophyllus and T. coelesyriacus. Diagnostic characters, description, and conservation status of the new species, as well as micro‐ and macro‐morphological features of its achenes and pollen grains, are provided.
This study provides the first comprehensive molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of the lettuce alliance (Cichorieae subtribe Lactucinae of the sunflower family) in its SW Asia centre of diversity ...and assumed area of origin. The sampling contains multiple samples of all SW Asian Lactucinae except four unavailable rare taxa. One nuclear ribosomal and five plastid DNA markers were used for the reconstruction with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. A total of 716 individual sequences belonging to 56 taxa were newly generated. The nrDNA and plastid DNA gene trees show several hard topological incongruences at various levels of the trees, which make it very likely that the evolution of the subtribe was shaped by events of ancient and more recent reticulation, chloroplast capture and incomplete lineage sorting. The taxonomic conclusions from the phylogenetic analysis are drawn, and a revised inventory of the subtribe in SW Asia including new combinations and synonymies are provided.
Vincetoxicum anatolicum (Apocynaceae), a new species from eastern Turkey, is described and illustrated. Additionally, a revised key for Turkish Vincetoxicum is provided and the seed micromorphology ...and palynological properties of the new species is described for the first time. The new species is morphologically similar to V. fuscatum and V. parviflorum, but it can be distinguished by its 8–12 mm long peduncles, yellow to light brown corolla with crisped hairs on the inner surface, and ovate corona segments partly fused with intermediate teeth, as well as by palynological properties like obovate pollinia and rugulate exine sculpture. However, phylogenetic analyses showed that the new species, attributed to the ‘Vincetoxicum s.str. clade', is clustered in the same subclade as V. funebre, V. rehmannii and V. scandens rather than with the species morphologically most similar to it.
In the present study, the anatomical features of stem, leaf, and fruit of 22
Epilobium
L. and 4
Chamaenerion
Séguier taxa were studied using light microscopy with the aim to find out taxonomically ...significant characters for the examined taxa. Principal component analysis indicated that the row number of collenchyma, presence of periderma and phloem fibers in the stem, the shape of midrib and idioblast, leaf type, and the shape of fruit in cross section are the most valuable anatomical traits delimiting the investigated taxa at generic and partly specific level. Additionally, the dendrograms resulted from unweighted pair-group method supported to describe members of
Chamaenerion
with circular or cordate midrib, equifacial leaf, cylindrical idioblast, and pericarp composed of T-form lobes and circular or rectangular central column and
Epilobium
with semicircular midrib, bifacial leaf, circular idioblast, and pericarp composed of m-form lobes and rectangular central column.
Clerodendrum bungei (Lamiaceae) is a deciduous shrub that occurs both within its native Asian range and beyond to temperate and tropical regions around the world as a result of both unintentional and ...intentional introductions for ornamental uses. Although it was listed as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens of Türkiye, this paper presents a list of 55 records including 47 new records of C. bungei outside parks and gardens of Black Sea Region. The new list includes 11 records from Artvin, 10 from Rize, 8 from Trabzon, 14 from Giresun, 3 from Ordu, and 1 from Samsun. The rapid increase in the number of new localities outside gardens and parks of Türkiye in the last 10 years shows that the species will become an invasive alien species in this region shortly. So, it will outcompete native plant species and impact habitat values, thus it is important to closely monitor the populations outside parks and gardens in this region and should take the necessary precautions for local farmers and administrations.
Chromatographic separation of
-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction of a crude methanol extract obtained from aerial parts of the
DC collected from Sivas province of Turkey yielded nine natural ...compounds; two new 3-caffeoyl-quinic acid analogs (
-
), one new taraxasterol oleate (
), and six known triterpenoids taraxasterol (
), taraxasterol acetate (
), ptiloepoxide (
), lupeol (
), lupeol acetate (
), and
-sitosterol (
) were characterized. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of NMR (
H,
C, COSY, HMBC, HSQC, and TOCSY), UV, FT-IR and LC-Q-TOF-MS spectrometric data.
In this study, the changes caused by variation of altitude to the essential oils (EOs), fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and antimicrobial activities of Primula vulgaris Huds. subsp. vulgaris (Pvv) ...and P. vulgaris Huds. subsp. sibthorpii (Hoffmanns) W.W. Sm. & Forrest (Pvs)) grown in Turkey were investigated. Major fluctuations in the composition of Pvv and Pvs oils included methyl-4-methoxy salicylate (4.5–35.3%; Pvv and 3.2–37.2%; Pvs), (Z,Z,Z)-7,10,13-hexadecatrienal (5.1–21.8%; Pvv and 4.4–15.2%; Pvs) and flavone (5.5–14.9%; Pvv and 1.6–18.0%; Pvs). Fatty acid profile (C6:0–C26:0) changes were noted in Pvv and Pvs. Methyl hexadecanoate (2.4–9.3%) and methyl octadecanoate (1.0–4.7%) were present in all the FAME samples of the plants. The antimicrobial activity of the EOs of Pvv and Pvs were tested against nine bacterial species, which showed activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) varying from 8.5 to 59.2 μg/mL in all samples, respectively, depending on the altitude at which the oils were obtained.
Aim of study: This study aimed to contribute the alien flora of Türkiye.
Area of study: Broadleaf forest along streamside and roadside of Kayaköy (Kemalpaşa/Artvin) in NE Anatolia.
Materials and ...methods: Samples collected from four adjacent areas during the excursion on an ongoing project in the years 2020 and 2021 were used in the present study. Voucher were identified using relevant literatures and stored in the herbarium of KATO and KTUB at Karadeniz Technical University.
Main results: Spiraea japonica L. f. (Rosaceae) is reported from natural habitat as a new alien species for the flora of Türkiye.
Research highlights: This study reveals the introduction of Japanese spirea, widely used as ornamental plants in European countries including Türkiye, into the natural habitat in NE Anatolia.
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•Three new dihydroisocoumarin glycosides were isolated from Scorzonera aucheriana.•Scorzoaucherioside II was identified as a new type of phenol ether dimeric ...dihydroisocoumarin.•Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.•Iso-scorzopygmaecoside and scorzoaucherioside II showed strong antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Three new dihydroisocoumarin glycosides (iso-scorzopygmaecoside, scorzoaucherioside I, and scorzoaucherioside II) together with five known compounds (scorzopygmaecoside, scorzocreticoside II, 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl caffeate) were isolated from the aerial parts of the Scorzonera aucheriana collected from Sivas province in Turkey. The isolated compounds' structures were elucidated based on NMR (1H, 13C/APT, COSY, HMBC, HSQC, and TOCSY), UV, FT-IR, and LC-QTOF-MS data. These compounds have been isolated for the first time from S. aucheriana. An antimicrobial assay against ten microorganisms was applied to all isolated compounds. Iso-scorzopygmaecoside, scorzoaucherioside I, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl caffeate showed notable anti-pseudomonal activity. Iso-scorzopygmaecoside and scorzoaucherioside II exhibited strong activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis with MIC values of 25.6 μg/mL and 21.2 μg/mL, respectively.
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