Mestno obrobje se širi navzven, (ne)načrtno širjenje pozidave posega po zelo različnih zemljiščih in lahko prizadene tudi večje naravne in okoljske kakovosti. Z analizo širjenja pozidanih zemljišč na ...vzorčnem območju ljubljanske urbane regije (LUR) v daljšem časovnem obdobju (1951–2002) ugotovimo, na katera zemljišča se je pozidava širila in katere kakovosti v prostoru so bile zato prizadete ali izgubljene. Iz rezultatov omenjene analize je mogoče sklepati, kako učinkovit je bil sistem varstva zemljišč pred pozidavo, ki je bilo v prvi vrsti usmerjeno v varstvo kmetijskih zemljišč. Zakon o varstvu kmetijskih zemljišč pred spreminjanjem namembnosti naj bi zagotovil varstvo najboljših kmetijskih zemljišč pred pozidavo. Z določili tega zakona so bila vsa kmetijska zemljišča uvrščena v območja najboljših kmetijskih zemljišč, ki so najprimernejša za kmetijsko obdelavo ali območja, ki so manj primerna za kmetijsko obdelavo. Domala vsa ravninska območja so bila uvrščena v 1. območje varstva kmetijskih zemljišč. Za planiranje pozidave in za druge dejavnosti v prostoru je ostalo malo možnosti in tudi zaradi različnih sporov so se izgubljanja najboljša kmetijska zemljišča kot tudi zemljišča, ki so pomembna zaradi ohranjanja narave in naravnih virov.
The urban fringe is extending outwards, (un)planned settlement growth is occurring on various land types and can also affect important natural and environmental qualities. By analysis of expansion of ...built-up areas in a case study area in the Ljubljana urban region (LUR) over a lengthy period (1951–2002) we can establish, which land was affected by growth and which spatial qualities were damaged or lost. From the findings we can conclude, how efficient the system of land protection from development was, since it was primarily oriented towards protection of agricultural land. The law on protection of agricultural land before changes of land use should have ensured protection of best agricultural land. According to the law agricultural land was classified into areas of best agricultural land, which are best suited for agricultural cultivation or areas, which are less suitable for agricultural cultivation. Practically all plains were grouped into the first category. Planning of settlements and all other activities occurring in the environment were left with hardly any opportunities, but also because of various conflicts large areas of best agricultural lands were lost, just as other lands that are important for preservation of nature and natural resources.
Članek obravnava možnosti za vodenje daljnovoda Globoko–italijanska meja skozi prostor. Predstavljena sta dva postopka umeščanja nadzemnih vodov v prostor, pri katerih so upoštevana okoljska in ...prostorska merila: slovenski in italijanski. Slovenski postopek sestavljajo analize privlačnosti in ranljivosti. S prvimi vključujemo v obravnavo tiste ekonomske in funkcionalne dejavnike, ki vplivajo na privlačnost prostora za nadzemne vode. Na ta način je mogoče presojati, kako ekonomsko in funkcionalno ustrezno so postavljene alternativne trase novonačrtovanega 400-kilovoltnega daljnovoda Slovenija–Italija od RTP Okroglo do treh možnih stičnih točk na slovensko-italijanski meji Srednjega, Golega Brda in Vrtojbe. Prav tako so bili v skladu z zahtevami zakona o urejanju prostora pripravljeni modeli ranljivosti, s katerimi se v prostoru simulirajo možni negativni vplivi daljnovoda na okolje, ter analiza ustreznosti, ki pomeni uskladitev razvojnih in varovalnih zahtev. Rezultat analiz je koridor, v katerem je možno voditi traso brez večjih konfliktov. Italijani so svoj postopek razvili za iskanje ustreznega koridorja na svoji strani od državne meje do RTP Videm (Udine). Ta postopek je bil uporabljen tudi na slovenski strani. Uporabili so tri skupine dejavnikov: dejavnike privlačnosti, izločilne dejavnike in dejavnike večjega odpora. Veliko bolj poenostavljen postopek omogoča primerjavo, ker so v njem uporabljeni enaki ali vsaj podobni prostorski podatki. V sklepih je podan tudi kratek komentar h konceptu koridorja kot planerskega orodja.
The article deals with possibilities for running the proposed overhead transmission line Okroglo-Italian border. The Slovene and Italian methods are shown as methods enabling consideration of ...environmental and spatial impact within the process of planning overhead transmission line corridors. The Slovene method consists of analyses of attractiveness and vulnerability, whereby the first considers those functional and economic factors that affect spatial attractiveness for overhead transmission lines. Thus we can assess the level of economic and functional suitability of alternative routes of the proposed 400 kilovolt overhead transmission line from transformation station Okroglo (Slovenia) to Srednje, Golo Brdo and Vrtojba, three potential contact points on the Slovene–Italian border. In accordance with stipulations of the Law on spatial management vulnerability models were prepared, which were used to simulate the development’s potential negative environmental effects and to analyse suitability, which implies harmonisation of development and protection demands. Their result is a possible corridor that can be developed without significant conflicts. The Italian procedure was developed to trace the transmission line corridor from the Slovenian border to the transformation station in Udine. It was also applied on the Slovenian side. Three groups of factors were considered in the procedure: exclusion, repulsion, and attraction. The much simpler procedure enables comparisons, since it uses the same or at least similar spatial data. In conclusion a short commentary is added about the corridor concept as a planning tool.
Vključevanje strokovnega znanja v postopek prostorskega načrtovanja prispeva k temu, da so odločitve o prostorskem razvoju sprejete skladno s cilji trajnostnega razvoja. Študije ranljivosti okoljaso ...ena od načrtovalskih strokovnih podlag, katerih vloga je vnaprejšnje opozarjanje pred prekomernimi vplivi razvoja na okolje. Zaradi intenzivnih razvojnih pritiskov je upoštevanje varstvenih ciljev v državah v tranziciji še posebno zahtevno. Bosna in Hercegovina (BiH) je primer države, ki je kljub politično-upravnimtežavam, s katerimi se srečuje, prepoznala pomen strokovnih podlag za prostorsko načrtovanje. V prispevku je prikazana študija ranljivosti za prostorski načrt kantona Sarajevo, ki bo vzorčni model za pripravodrugih prostorskih načrtov v BiH. V nasprotju z najbolj razširjeno predhodno uporabo študije ranljivosti je bila v predstavljenem primeru ta uporabljena naknadno, pri čemer smo s prekrivanjem načrtovalskih kart s kartami ranljivosti ugotavljali skladnost prostorskega načrta z okoljevarstvenimi zahtevami. Kljub temu, daso cilji načrta v skladu s trajnostnim razvojem, pa je na ravni prostorskih opredelitev drugače. Rezultati so namreč pokazali, da v povprečju četrtina predlaganega razvoja posega na območja, kjer je pričakovati velike vplive na katero od sestavin okolja. Za te površinesmo predlagali iskanje alternativnih lokacij oziroma oblikovanje usmeritev za podrobnejše načrte, v katerih je treba določiti strožja merila in pogoje za gradnjo ; The potential of spatial planning to achieve sustainable development can be improved with expert input inthe planning process. Vulnerability study provides knowledge about vulnerability of natural resources to development. Intense economic pressures in transition countries make sustainable spatial developmentespecially challenging. Bosnia and Herzegovina is an example of transition country, which recognized the importance of knowledge support for planning and explicitly requires vulnerability studies as an input in the planning process. The environmental vulnerabilitystudy presented in this contribution was prepared for spatial plan for the Canton Sarajevo and will serve as a model case for other plans. Differently from prevailing ex ante use of vulnerability studies it was applied ex post, whereby the environmental compliance of the plan was assessed by overlaying it with vulnerabilitymaps. The results have shown that although the objectives of the plan follow sustainability principles, its land use designation is much less environmentally oriented. An average of 25% of planned development involves areas, which are very vulnerable from one ormore aspects. We propose to find alternative sites for these areas or to provide very strict regulations and conditions for building in detailed plans.
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