We propose an alternative method of constructing two Higgs-doublet models free from scalar mediated FCNC couplings at the tree-level. In a toy scenario, we have presented semi realistic textures for ...the Yukawa matrices, which can reproduce the approximate flavor structure in the quark sector. Presence of flavor diagonal but nonuniversal Yukawa couplings emerges as a distinguishing feature of such models.
A vast literature on the theory and phenomenology of two-Higgs-doublet models (2HDM) exists since long. However, the present situation demands a revisit of some 2HDM properties. Now that a 125 GeV ...scalar resonance has been discovered at the LHC, with its couplings to other particles showing increasing affinity to the Standard Model Higgs-like behaviour, the 2HDM parameter space is more squeezed than ever. We briefly review the different parametrizations of the 2HDM potential and discuss the constraints on the parameter space arising from the unitarity and stability of the potential together with constraints from the oblique electroweak
T
-parameter. We also differentiate the consequences of imposing a global continuous
U
(1) symmetry on the potential from a discrete
Z
2
symmetry.
The paper puts forth a notion and derives a special type of production function where labour is an indivisible factor and is in the integer space. Thus, Newtonian calculus is not an appropriate ...method of deriving the marginal value because limit point does not exist. This shows that indivisibility determines the output elasticity. In the first part, the paper propounds a notion regarding how indivisibility determines curvature of the production function. In the second part, the paper incorporates the findings within a production function and derives a new type accordingly. Moreover, it formally derives the standard wage equation considering all the entitlements of labour, namely (a) normal wages, (b) interest and (c) rent of ability. So far, no such mathematical proof is there to support this wage composition. This paper, for the first time, derives this wage equation considering indivisibility of labour.
JEL Classifications: J23, J24, J31, D24, C61, E24, L8
We present a
D
4
flavored extension of the SM which provides an intuitive reasoning for the masses and mixing patterns in the quark sector. In our model, the Cabibbo mixing angle becomes related to ...the ratio of two vacuum expectation values. In fact, the orders of magnitude of the CKM matrix elements are readily obtained from the hierarchical nature of the vacuum expectation values. Moreover, we also show that the smallness of the off-Cabibbo elements in the CKM matrix is strongly connected to the heaviness of the third generation of quarks.
The present study is in the context of the new Model Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Act 2003, which aims at freedom of farmers to sell their products to the large private firms and ...bringing reforms in the wholesale ‘cash and carry’ and retail markets in India. The most important suggestions have remarked in the Economic survey 2014–2015 and outlined that state governments should be specially persuaded by the central government to provide policy support for alternative or special markets in the large private sector. Many states, including West Bengal, accepted the proposal and had opened the market for agricultural commodities for the large private sector. In this paper, we study a model of vertical restraints in the case of small farmers in West Bengal, India considering multilayer of fixed costs and monopoly power of the small as well as large traders in the vertical structure.
JEL: D8, D43, L13
We report the synthesis of Mn doped nickel ferrite having the generic formula Ni1-xMnxFe2O4 (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) through chemical co-precipitation technique. The samples were characterized by X-ray ...diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, dc magnetization studies and Mössbauer spectroscopy. XRD measurements showed the formation of pure spinel phase with particle size homogeneity. Rietveld refinement of the diffraction patterns using GSAS showed the presence of cationic vacancies in the sample. The analysis of the Williamson-Hall plot indicated the presence of strain in all the samples. Raman spectroscopy indicated the coexistence of an additional tetragonal phase P4122 in addition to the cubic phase Fd3¯m in the samples. Dc magnetization studies showed the sample possessed negligible coercivity coupled with ferrimagnetic nature, corroborated by the Mössbauer measurement. The Mössbauer studies gave evidence of distortion in the crystal structure due to the dopant ions and the presence of cationic vacancies. The samples possessing low magnetocrystalline anisotropy along with ferrimagnetic behavior are a potential candidate for biomedical industries.
•Rietveld analysis of the XRD patterns showed the presence of single spinel phase.•The samples possess low magnetocrystalline anisotropy at a particle size of 50 nm.•SQUID and Mössbauer spectroscopy verified the ferrimagnetic nature of the sample.•Raman spectra showed coexistence of cubic and tetragonal phases in the samples.•The increase in Mn concentration, transforms ferrite from mixed to inverse spinel.
A
bstract
We propose a model where neutrino masses are generated at three loop order but neutrinoless double beta decay occurs at one loop. Thus we can have large neutrinoless double beta decay ...observable in the future experiments even when the neutrino masses are very small. The model receives strong constraints from the neutrino data and lepton flavor violating decays, which substantially reduces the number of free parameters. Our model also opens up the possibility of having several new scalars below the TeV regime, which can be explored at the collider experiments. Additionally, our model also has an unbroken
Z
2
symmetry which allows us to identify a viable Dark Matter candidate.
Home use tests to monitor hormone trends during the menstrual cycle have been available over-the-counter for a long time. However, these tests often depend upon manual readouts and hence may lead to ...false analysis. Furthermore, a lot of these tests are also not quantitative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the quantitative home-based fertility monitor, Inito Fertility Monitor (IFM) and to use it to identify novel hormone trends in natural menstrual cycles. There were two aspects to our analysis: (i) Evaluating the efficacy of Inito Fertility Monitor in the measurement of urinary Estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G), Pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) and Luteinizing hormone (LH), and (ii) A retrospective study of patients' hormone profiles using IFM. To evaluate the efficacy, the recovery percentage of the three hormones from IFM was evaluated using standard spiked solutions, the accuracy of measurement was calculated and the correlation between reproducible values from IFM and ELISA was established. During the validation of IFM, novel hormone trends were also observed. In order to reinforce the observations, a second group of 52 women was recruited. Assessment of the accuracy of IFM and evaluation of the volunteer urine samples was performed in a laboratory. Home assessment of hormone analysis was carried out using IFM. For the validation study, 100 women aged 21-45 years with cycle lengths ranging from 21 to 42 days were recruited. The participants had no previously diagnosed infertility conditions and their cycle lengths did not vary for more than 3 days from the expected cycle length. Daily first morning urine samples were collected from these 100 women. For the second group, 52 women were selected meeting the same criteria set for the validation study and IFM was provided to these women for testing at home. Coefficient of variation and recovery percentage of IFM with respect to laboratory based ELISA. Percentage occurrence of novel hormone trends and AUC analysis of a novel criteria identified for confirming ovulation. We observed that with all three hormones, IFM had an accurate recovery percentage. We found that the assay has an average CV of 5.05% in PdG measurement, 4.95% in E3G measurement and 5.57% in LH measurement. Furthermore, in predicting the concentration of E3G, PdG and LH in urine samples, we show that IFM has a high correlation with ELISA. In this study, we could also reproduce hormones trends across the menstrual cycle that have been observed by previous studies. We also identified a novel criterion for earlier confirmation of ovulation which could accurately distinguish ovulatory from anovulatory cycles with 100% specificity and had an area under the ROC curve of 0.98. In addition, we identified a new hormone trend which could be observed in 94.5% of the ovulatory cycles. The Inito Fertility Monitor is an effective tool for calculating the urinary concentrations of E3G, PdG and LH and can also be used to provide accurate fertility scores and confirm ovulation. We show that certain hormone trends associated with urinary E3G, PdG and LH could be accurately captured using IFM. In addition, we report a novel criterion for earlier confirmation of ovulation compared to existing criteria. Finally, we present a novel hormone pattern associated with most of the menstrual cycles by examining hormone profiles from the volunteers recruited for the clinical trial.Trial registration: The trial is registered at the current controlled trials ISRCTN registry #ISRCTN15534557.
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