It is well-known that positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can prevent ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and improve pulmonary physiology in animals with injured lungs. It's uncertain whether ...PEEP has similar effects in animals with uninjured lungs. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different PEEP levels in animals with uninjured lungs was performed. Trials in animals with injured lungs were excluded, as were trials that compared ventilation strategies that also differed with respect to other ventilation settings, e.g., tidal volume size. The search identified ten eligible trials in 284 animals, including rodents and small as well as large mammals. Duration of ventilation was highly variable, from 1 to 6 hours and tidal volume size varied from 7 to 60 mL/kg. PEEP ranged from 3 to 20 cmH
O, and from 0 to 5 cmH
O, in the 'high PEEP' or 'PEEP' arms, and in the 'low PEEP' or 'no PEEP' arms, respectively. Definitions used for lung injury were quite diverse, as were other outcome measures. The effects of PEEP, at any level, on lung injury was not straightforward, with some trials showing less injury with 'high PEEP' or 'PEEP' and other trials showing no benefit. In most trials, 'high PEEP' or 'PEEP' was associated with improved respiratory system compliance, and better oxygen parameters. However, 'high PEEP' or 'PEEP' was also associated with occurrence of hypotension, a reduction in cardiac output, or development of hyperlactatemia. There were no differences in mortality. The number of trials comparing 'high PEEP' or 'PEEP' with 'low PEEP' or 'no PEEP' in animals with uninjured lungs is limited, and results are difficult to compare. Based on findings of this systematic review it's uncertain whether PEEP, at any level, truly prevents lung injury, while most trials suggest potential harmful effects on the systemic circulation.
Procedimentos cirúrgicos: aspectos epidemiológicos De Albuquerque, Áurea Amélia Coutinho Nogueira; Cardoso, Bruna Portela Andrade; Godinho, Elis Miranda Mau ...
Brazilian Journal of Development,
09/2023, Volume:
9, Issue:
9
Journal Article
Os aspectos epidemiológicos dos procedimentos cirúrgicos mostram as dimensões relativas ao comportamento e à evolução de problemas de saúde coletiva, com destaque para sua incidência, distribuição, e ...possível controle dos determinantes das próprias doenças e de seus fatores. Os aspectos epidemiológicos vêm buscando compreender melhor as doenças, suas características e seu comportamentos, no que se refere aos seus determinantes biológicos, sociais e ambientais. Dessa forma, a presente revisão sistemática teve como objetivo: mostrar os aspectos epidemiológicos dos procedimentos cirúrgicos. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Google acadêmico, Lilacs e Scientific Eletronic Online (Scielo), no qual os descritores foram: Saúde, Epidemiologia, Fatores de risco, 12 artigos foram utilizados neste estudo. Os resultados da revisão sistemática evidenciam que a frequente pressão da sociedade e da mídia em relação à aparência de seus corpos, faz com que cada vez mais indivíduos optem pelas cirurgias plásticas que algumas vezes não tem o resultado esperado, gerando mais impactos psicológicos aos pacientes.
(Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant native to Brazil which is popularly used for treating oral and vaginal infections. There has been no scientific evidence pointing to its efficacy in the treatment ...of these infections. Thus, this study sought to investigate the cytotoxic, antifungal, and antibiofilm activity of
against
spp. and to isolate, identify, and quantify the content of B-type oligomeric procyanidins (BDP) in the extract of
stem bark. The extract and the
-butanol fraction were obtained by maceration and liquid-liquid partition, respectively. Phytochemical analysis performed by HPLC-PDA/ELSD and FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS allowed the identification and quantification of BDP in the samples. The application of centrifugal partition chromatography helped isolate BDP, which was identified by
H NMR and MS analyses.
spp. reference strains and clinical isolates (including fluconazole-resistant strains) derived from the blood cultures of candidemic patients and the vaginal secretion of patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis were used for evaluating the antifungal and antibiofilm effects. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by the microdilution technique, and biofilm inhibition was evaluated through crystal violet and XTT assays. The combined action of BDP with fluconazole was determined by the checkerboard method. The extract, the
-butanol fraction, and the BDP exhibited antifungal activity with MIC values ranging from 312.5 to 2500 μg/mL and were found to significantly reduce the biofilm formed in all the
strains investigated. BDP showed a fungicidal potential against strains of
spp. (especially against fluconazole-resistant strains), with MIC and MFC values ranging from 156.2 to 2500 μg/mL. In addition, the combined application of BDP and fluconazole produced synergistic antifungal effects against resistant
spp. (FICI = 0.31-1.5). The cytotoxic properties of the samples evaluated in human erythrocytes through hemolytic test did not show hemolytic activity under active concentrations. The findings of the study show that
has antifungal and antibiofilm potential but does not cause toxicity in human erythrocytes. Finally, BDP, which was isolated for the first time in
, was found to exhibit antifungal effect against
spp. either when applied alone or in combination with fluconazole.
This study evaluated the effect of temperature in the thermophilic range (45, 55, and 65 °C) for simultaneous production of hydrogen and ethanol in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) using ...cassava wastewater as substrate, with a hydraulic retention time of 2 h. Substrate concentration varied from 4.5 to 5.5 g COD L
−1
. Maximum yields of hydrogen (1.98 mol-H
2
mol
−1
-glucose) and ethanol (2.06 mol-EtOH mol
−1
-glucose) were achieved at 55 °C. In this condition, the hydrogen production rate was 2.05 L h
−1
L
−1
, increased by 86% regarding 45 ºC. The concentration of organic acids reduced about 42% with increasing temperature from 45 to 55 °C and diminished 37% from 55 to 65 °C. Acetic acid prevailed over other metabolites in percentages about 41–51%, followed by butyrate at 45 ºC (33.8%), and ethanol at 55 ºC (25.5%) and 65 ºC (30.8%). The ethanol concentration remained practically constant (4.00 ± 1.51–4.74 ± 1.44 mM) if considering the associated uncertainty range. Overall, thermophilic temperatures were favorable for biofuel production, however, it is suggested to study other HRT in future work to avoid overloading the system.
Palmitoleic acid (POA, 16:1n-7) is a lipokine that has potential nutraceutical use to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We tested the effects of POA supplementation (daily oral gavage, ...300 mg/Kg, 15 days) on murine liver inflammation induced by a high fat diet (HFD, 59% fat, 12 weeks). In HFD-fed mice, POA supplementation reduced serum insulin and improved insulin tolerance compared with oleic acid (OA, 300 mg/Kg). The livers of POA-treated mice exhibited less steatosis and inflammation than those of OA-treated mice with lower inflammatory cytokine levels and reduced toll-like receptor 4 protein content. The anti-inflammatory effects of POA in the liver were accompanied by a reduction in liver macrophages (LM, CD11c+; F4/80+; CD86+), an effect that could be triggered by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, a lipogenic transcription factor upregulated in livers of POA-treated mice. We also used HFD-fed mice with selective deletion of PPAR-γ in myeloid cells (PPAR-γ KOLyzCre+) to test whether the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of POA are dependent on macrophages PPAR-γ. POA-mediated improvement of insulin tolerance was tightly dependent on myeloid PPAR-γ, while POA anti-inflammatory actions including the reduction in liver inflammatory cytokines were preserved in mice bearing myeloid cells deficient in PPAR-γ. This overlapped with increased CD206+ (M2a) cells and downregulation of CD86+ and CD11c+ liver macrophages. Moreover, POA supplementation increased hepatic AMPK activity and decreased expression of the fatty acid binding scavenger receptor, CD36. We conclude that POA controls liver inflammation triggered by fat accumulation through induction of M2a macrophages independently of myeloid cell PPAR-γ.
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•Palmitoleic acid (POA) supplementation reduced serum insulin and improved insulin tolerance;•Livers of POA-treated mice exhibited less steatosis and inflammation;•POA lowered the liver M1 macrophages population and the expression of inflammation-related immune-cell markers;•POA increased PPAR-γ, a transcription factor that regulates anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages;•However, POA reduced liver inflammation even in mice that lack PPAR-γ expression in myeloid cells;•POA controls liver inflammation through induction of M2a macrophages independently of PPAR-γ in myeloid cells.
Introdução: O Transtorno de Personalidade Borderline (TPB) é uma condição mental caracterizada por instabilidade nos relacionamentos, autoimagem e impulsividade. Os sintomas incluem medo de abandono, ...instabilidade emocional e vazio crônico. A etiologia é multifatorial, com fatores genéticos, biológicos e ambientais influenciando. O TPB está classificado no DSM-5 como um transtorno de personalidade do Cluster B, sendo mais prevalente em mulheres e em ambientes clínicos. Objetivo: analisar as opções terapêuticas e avanços no tratamento da TPB. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão exploratória da literatura, abrangendo artigos publicados entre 2019 e 2024 em várias bases de dados. Foram aplicados critérios de seleção para garantir a qualidade dos estudos. Após a análise colaborativa dos documentos, destacaram-se 27 artigos relevantes. Resultados e Discussão: As opções terapêuticas para o TPB incluem tanto abordagens não farmacológicas, como a TCC e TDC, quanto farmacológicas, como antidepressivos e estabilizadores de humor. Estratégias promissoras, como o uso de antagonistas de receptores de ocitocina e terapia focalizada na mentalização, estão sendo exploradas. A pesquisa contínua nessas áreas pode melhorar substancialmente o manejo do TPB. Conclusão: O diagnóstico precoce e a compreensão do TPB são essenciais para fornecer tratamento eficaz e reduzir o estigma associado. Promover uma cultura de pesquisa e inovação é crucial para desenvolver terapias mais eficazes. Ao combinar intervenções terapêuticas e avanços científicos, podemos oferecer esperança e apoio às pessoas afetadas pelo TPB.
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