Sarcopenic obesity is associated with disability in older people, especially in women. Resistance exercises are recommended for this population, but their efficacy is not clear.
To evaluate the ...effects of a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component on the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity.
Twenty-eight women 65 to 80 years old, with a body mass index ≥30kg/m2 and handgrip strength ≤21kg were randomly allocated to two groups. The experimental group underwent a 10-week resistance exercise program designed to improve strength, power, and endurance of lower-limb muscles, with open chain and closed chain exercises. The control group had their health status monitored through telephone calls. The primary outcomes were lower limb muscle performance measured by knee extensor strength, power and fatigue by isokinetic dynamometry, and mobility measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery and by gait velocity. The secondary outcome was health-related quality of life assessed by the SF-36 Questionnaire.
The average rate of adherence was 85%, with few mild adverse effects. There were no significant between-group differences for any of the outcomes.
In this study, a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component was not effective for improving the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity.
Abstract
Brazil presented a very high number of maternal deaths and evident delays in healthcare. We aimed at evaluating the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated outcomes in the ...obstetric population. We conducted a prospective cohort study in 15 Brazilian centers including symptomatic pregnant or postpartum women with suspected COVID-19 from Feb/2020 to Feb/2021. Women were followed from suspected infection until the end of pregnancy. We analyzed maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes associated with confirmed COVID-19 infection and SARS, determining unadjusted risk ratios. In total, 729 symptomatic women with suspected COVID-19 were initially included. Among those investigated for COVID-19, 51.3% (n = 289) were confirmed COVID-19 and 48% (n = 270) were negative. Initially (before May 15th), only 52.9% of the suspected cases were tested and it was the period with the highest proportion of ICU admission and maternal deaths. Non-white ethnicity (RR 1.78 1.04–3.04), primary schooling or less (RR 2.16 1.21–3.87), being overweight (RR 4.34 1.04–19.01) or obese (RR 6.55 1.57–27.37), having public prenatal care (RR 2.16 1.01–4.68), planned pregnancies (RR 2.09 1.15–3.78), onset of infection in postpartum period (RR 6.00 1.37–26.26), chronic hypertension (RR 2.15 1.37–4.10), pre-existing diabetes (RR 3.20 1.37–7.46), asthma (RR 2.22 1.14–4.34), and anaemia (RR 3.15 1.14–8.71) were associated with higher risk for SARS. The availability of tests and maternal outcomes varied throughout the pandemic period of the study; the beginning was the most challenging period, with worse outcomes. Socially vulnerable, postpartum and previously ill women were more likely to present SARS related to COVID-19.
•Antibiotic multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were identified.•S. aureus isolates exhibited inducible resistance to clindamycin.•agr type I was the most prevalent (62%) among the ...isolates.•The Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene (lukS-lukF) was found in 39% of the isolates.
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the primary pathogenic agents found in cheeses produced with raw milk. Some strains of S. aureus are enterotoxigenic, possessing the ability to produce toxins responsible for staphylococcal food poisoning when present in contaminated foods. This study aimed to genotypically characterize, assess the antimicrobial resistance profile, and examine the enterotoxigenic potential of strains of S. aureus isolated from artisanal colonial cheese. Additionally, a bacterial diversity assessment in the cheeses was conducted by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The metataxomic profile revealed the presence of 68 distinct species in the cheese samples. Fifty-seven isolates of S. aureus were identified, with highlighted resistance to penicillin in 33% of the isolates, followed by clindamycin (28%), erythromycin (26%), and tetracycline (23%). The evaluated strains also exhibited inducible resistance to clindamycin, with nine isolates considered multidrug-resistant (MDR). The agr type I was the most prevalent (62%) among the isolates, followed by agr type II (24%). Additionally, ten spa types were identified. Although no enterotoxins and their associated genes were detected in the samples and isolates, respectively, the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene (lukS-lukF) was found in 39% of the isolates. The presence of MDR pathogens in the artisanal raw milk cheese production chain underscores the need for quality management to prevent the contamination and dissemination of S. aureus strains.
To examine the associations between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with walking capacity and the effects of reallocating time from SB to PA in patients with symptomatic peripheral ...artery disease (PAD) using compositional data analysis.
This cross-sectional study included 178 patients (34% females, mean age = 66 9 y, body mass index = 27.8 5.0 kg/m2, and ankle-brachial index = 0.60 0.18). Walking capacity was assessed as the total walking distance (TWD) achieved in a 6-minute walk test, while SB, light-intensity PA, and moderate to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) were measured by a triaxial accelerometer and conceptualized as a time-use composition. Associations between time reallocation among wake-time behaviors and TWD were determined using compositional isotemporal substitution models.
A positive association of MVPA with TWD (relative to remaining behaviors) was found in men (βilr = 66.9, SE = 21.4, P = .003) and women (βilr = 56.5, SE = 19.8; P = .005). Reallocating 30 minutes per week from SB to MVPA was associated with higher TWD in men (6.7 m; 95% confidence interval, 2.6-10.9 m) and women (4.5 m; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-7.5 m).
The findings highlight, using a compositional approach, the beneficial and independent association of MVPA with walking capacity in patients with symptomatic PAD, whereas SB and light-intensity PA were not associated.
(Hipanto e tubo estaminal em Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae)). Observou-se, em corte longitudinal de flores de cinco espécies de Xylopia, um anel lenhoso ao redor dos carpelos e sobre ...ele, inserido de forma espiralada, o conjunto de estames e estaminódios. Para elucidar a natureza desta estrutura, foi realizado um estudo anatômico em flores adultas de Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart., particularmente da vascularização desde a base do receptáculo até os estames, estaminódios e carpelos. Constatou-se a natureza apendicular do anel lenhoso, o qual possui origem mista: na porção basal, ele é formado pela fusão das sépatas, pétalas externas, pétalas internas e filetes, constituindo-se em hipanto; na porção apical, o anel lenhoso é formado exclusivamente pela fusão de filetes. constituindo o tubo estaminal. As células epidérmicas que revestem os estames e estaminódios possuem paredes espessadas e lignificadas, distinguindo-se das demais células que compõem a epiderme das sépalas, pétalas e dos carpelos; tais células também revestem o anel lenhoso, demonstrando a sua origem estaminal. É provável que o aspecto lenhoso do anel se deva à presença de lignina nas paredes destas células. De acordo com a literatura, este anel sempre foi interpretado como tendo natureza receptacular, sem nenhum embasamento anatômico. A origem apendicular do hipanto é constatada pela primeira vez para Xylopia e também para as Annonaceae.
The objective of this study was to establish a protocol for the characterization, isolation, and culture of type A spermatogonia using specific molecular markers for these cells in fish. To this end, ...adult Prochilodus lineatus testes were collected and digested enzymatically and the resulting testicular suspension was separated using a discontinuous Percoll gradient, followed by differential plating. The cell cultures obtained were monitored for 15 days and analyzed using the immunofluorescence method with anti‐Vasa, anti‐GFRα1, and anti‐OCT4 antibodies. Spermatogonial enrichment was also performed using flow cytometry. Although discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation followed by differential plating enabled the removal of differentiated germ cells and somatic cells, enriching the pool of type A spermatogonia, the enrichment of type A spermatogonia through flow cytometry of samples without Percoll proved to be more efficient. Prominent cell agglomerates that were characterized according to different stem cell markers as type A spermatogonia were observed during the 15 days of the cell culture. The use of immunoperoxidase and western blot analysis methods confirmed the specificity of the markers for type A spermatogonia of P. lineatus. When combined with specific cell culture conditions, the positive characterization of these molecular markers clarified certain aspects of spermatogonial regulation, such as survival and proliferation. Finally, understanding the regulation of the in vitro germ cell maintenance process may contribute to the enhancement of in vivo and in vitro reproduction techniques of endangered or aquaculture fish species.
A protocol for the characterization, isolation, and culture of type A spermatogonia using specific molecular markers for these cells in fish was established. Discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation followed by differential plating enabled the removal of differentiated germ cells and somatic cells, in addition to enriching the pool of type A spermatogonia. When combined with specific cell culture conditions, the positive characterization of the type A spermatogonium molecular markers clarified certain aspects of its regulation
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) as a carboplatin chemotherapy-associated drug in female dogs with mammary carcinoma in benign mixed tumors (MC-BMT) ...after mastectomy and to assess its association with quality of life and survival rates. Sixty female dogs were included in this study, all of which had histopathological diagnosis of MC-BMT and were divided into three groups: G1 (control), consisting of animals submitted only to mastectomy with or without regional metastasis; G2, composed of treated animals that did not present with metastasis; and G3, treated dogs that presented with metastasis. G2 and G3 were also subdivided according to the treatment administered: chemotherapy alone (MC-BMT(-) C/MC-BMT(+) C) or LDN and chemotherapy (MC-BMT(-) C+LDN/MC-BMT(+) C+LDN). All animals were subjected to clinical evaluation, mastectomy, peripheral blood lymphocyte immunophenotyping, beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin quantification, and evaluation of survival rates and quality of life scores. The results showed higher serum concentrations of beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin, fewer chemotherapy-related side effects, and better quality of life and survival rates in the LDN-treated groups than in LDN-untreated groups (P < 0.05). Evaluation of clinical and pathological parameters indicated a significant association between the use of LDN and both prolonged survival and enhanced quality of life. These results indicate that LDN is a viable chemotherapy-associated treatment in female dogs with MC-BMT, maintaining their quality of life and prolonging survival rates.
Introduction The risk of malnutrition is an important predictor of functional capacity in the elderly population. However, whether malnutrition is associated with functional capacity in patients with ...peripheral artery disease (PAD) is poorly known. Purpose To analyse the association between the risk of malnutrition and functional capacity in patients with PAD. Methods This cross-sectional study included 135 patients with PAD of both genders, greater than or equal to50 years old, with symptomatic PAD (Rutherford stage I to III) in one or both limbs and with ankle-brachial index less than or equal to0.90. The risk of malnutrition was assessed by the short form of the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form and patients were classified as having normal nutritional status (n = 92) and at risk of malnutrition (n = 43). Functional capacity was objectively assessed using the six-minute walking test (6MWT, absolute maximal distance and relativized and expressed as a percentage of health subjects), short-physical performance battery (SPPB, balance, gait speed and the sit and stand test) and the handgrip test, and subjectively, using the Walking Impairment Questionnaire and Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History. The association between the risk of malnutrition and functional capacity was analysed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression adjustments for gender, age, ankle-brachial index, body mass index, use of statins, coronary arterial disease and stroke. For all statistical analyses, significance was accepted at p<0.05. Results Thirty-two per cent of our patients were classified with a risk of malnutrition. The risk of malnutrition was associated with the absolute 6MWT total distance (OR = 0.994, P = 0.031) relative 6MWT total distance (OR = 0.971, P = 0.038), lowest SPPB total score (OR = 0.682, P = 0.011), sit and stand (OR = 1.173, P = 0.003) and usual 4-meter walk test (OR = 1.757, P = 0.034). Conclusion In patients with PAD, the risk of malnutrition was associated with objective measurements of functional capacity.
Objectives
To evaluate the oral condition of alcohol and tobacco dependents and identify salivary protein candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders.
Subjects and methods
Thirty‐three male ...volunteers were evaluated for alcohol abuse rehabilitation; nine were selected for proteomic analysis. Intraoral examination was performed, and non‐stimulated saliva was collected. Salivary proteins were extracted and processed for analysis. A list of proteins identified in saliva was generated from the database and manually revised, obtaining the total number of candidate biomarkers for oral disorders.
Results
The mean age (n = 33) was 42.94 ± 8.61 years. Fourteen (42.4%) subjects presented with 23 oral mucosa changes, and 31 (94%) had dental plaque. A total of 282 proteins were found in saliva (n = 9), of which 26 were identified as candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders. After manual review, 21 proteins were selected. The highest number of candidates for biomarkers was associated with carcinoma of head and neck (n = 10), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n = 6), and periodontal disease (n = 6).
Conclusion
Alcohol and tobacco dependents showed gingival inflammation, and less than half of them showed oral mucosa changes. Twenty‐one protein candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders were identified in saliva. The two major oral disorders in number of candidates for biomarkers were head and neck cancer and periodontal disease.
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