In this study,
Bletilla striata
polysaccharide/powdered activated carbon (BSP/PAC) aerogels were prepared by freeze-drying of homogeneous mixture of BSP and PAC. Solvent replacement method, ...mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphology and performance of the aerogels. Dyes including anionic methylene orange (MO), cationic methylene blue (MB) and oil red O (ORO) and oils including trichloromethane, n-hexane, edible oil and engine oil in aqueous solution were used to study the adsorption properties of aerogels. The results showed that the prepared aerogels had porous structure and good adsorption capacity. The results of dye adsorption showed that BSP/PAC aerogel had stronger adsorption capacity for MB compared with MO and ORO, and the adsorption data for MB were more consistent with the Langmuir model with maximum experimental capacity of 166.295 mg·g
− 1
, indicating the efficiency in absorption. In addition, according to the results of adsorption kinetics, the adsorption of MB on BSP/PAC aerogels could be described by a quasi-second-order model. The results of oil adsorption showed that BSP/PAC had the highest adsorption rate of edible oil compared with the other oils, which was nearly 52 times of its own weight. Overall, BSP/PAC is a porous material with three-dimensional structure, which can effectively remove MB dye and oil from water, and may have potential application prospects in sewage purification.
Jieduquyuziyin prescription (JP), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has been widely used for the clinical treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the complex ...chemical constituents of JP and the multifactorial pathogenesis of SLE make research on the therapeutic mechanism of JP in SLE challenging. In this paper, a serum metabolomics approach based on rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF/MS) was employed to acquire the metabolic characteristics of serum samples obtained from mice in the SLE model group, JP-treated group, prednisone acetate (PA)-treated group and control group. The orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) was applied to recognize metabolic patterns, and an obvious separation of groups was obtained. Thirteen metabolites, namely, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE 20:3), hepoxilin B3, lyso- phosphatidylethanolamine (lyso-PE 22:6), 12S-hydroxypentaenoic acid (12S-HEPE), traumatic acid, serotonin, platelet-activating factor (PAF), phosphatidylcholine (PC 20:5),eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 12(S)-hydroxyei- cosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE), 14-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (14-HDOHE), lyso-phosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC 20:4), and indole acetaldehyde, were identified and characterized as differential metabolites involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. After treatment with JP, the relative content of 12(S)-HETE, PAF, 12(S)-HEPE, EPA, PE (20:3), Lyso-PE(22:6), and 14-HDOHE were effectively regulated, which suggested that the therapeutic effects of JP on SLE may involve regulating disturbances to the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acid, tryptophan and phospholipid. This research also demonstrated that metabolomics is a powerful tool for researching complex disease mechanisms and evaluating the mechanism of action of TCM.
is a well-known traditional Chinese herb with varieties of functions. In China, the natural resources of
have been severely damaged because of the excessive exploitation and destruction of natural ...habitats. The aim of present study was to provide a reference for fully exploiting and utilizing the germplasm resources of
.
The genetic diversity of 50 varieties of
from different area in China was analyzed by SCoT and IRAP molecular marker technique. A total of 209 bands were amplified by 20 groups of SCoT primers, of which 201 (96.17%) were polymorphic, and 47 polymorphic bands (94%) were observed in 50 bands amplified by 8 groups of IRAP primers. The 50 populations of
were divided into two major groups by SCoT and IRAP at the genetic similarity coefficient value of 0.60 and 0.68 individually. The partition of clusters in the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram and principal coordinate analysis plot based on the SCoT and IRAP markers was similar.
Results indicated the abundant genetic diversity of
among different areas. Our results will provide useful information for resource protection.
Theabrownin (TB) is a bioactive component of tea and has been reported to exert effects against many human cancers, but its efficacy and mechanism on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with different p53 ...genotypes remains unclarified.
MTT assay, DAPI staining, flow cytometry and SA-β-gal staining were applied to evaluate the effects of TB on HCC cells. Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot (WB) were conducted to explore the molecular mechanism of TB. A xenograft model of zebrafish was established to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of TB.
MTT assays showed that TB significantly inhibited the proliferation of SK-Hep-1, HepG2, and Huh7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, of which SK-Hep-1 was the most sensitive one with the lowest IC
values. The animal data showed that TB remarkably suppressed SK-Hep-1 tumor growth in xenograft model of zebrafish. The cellular data showed TB's pro-apoptotic and pro-senescent effect on SK-Hep-1 cells. The molecular results revealed the mechanism of TB that p53 signaling pathway (p-ATM, p-ATR, γ-H2AX, p-Chk2, and p-p53) was activated with up-regulation of downstream senescent genes (P16, P21, IL-6 and IL-8) as well as apoptotic genes (Bim, Bax and PUMA) and proteins (Bax, c-Casp9 and c-PARP). The p53-mediated mechanism was verified by using p53-siRNA. Moreover, by using JNK-siRNA, we found JNK as a bypass regulator in TB's mechanism.
To sum up, TB exerted tumor-inhibitory, pro-senescent and pro-apoptotic effects on SK-Hep-1 cells through ATM-Chk2-p53 signaling axis in accompany with JNK bypass regulation. This is the first report on the pro-senescent effect and multi-target (p53 and JNK) mechanism of TB on HCC cells, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms of TB's anti-HCC efficacy.
A serum metabolomics method based on rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF-MS) was performed for a holistic evaluation of the ...metabolic changes of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats and to assess the interventional effects of type II collagen (CII) in this model. Partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was employed to study the metabolic profiling of CIA rats and control rats. Ten metabolites, namely, 12(S)-HHTrE, 12(S)-HEPE, PGE2, TXB2, 12(S)-HETE, LysoPE(16:0), PE(O-18:0/0:0), Lyso-PE(18:2), Lyso-PE(20:4), and Lyso-PC(22:5) were identified as differential metabolites associated with the pathogenesis of CIA. These results suggested that dysregulation of the arachidonic acid (AA) and phospholipid metabolic networks is involved in the pathomechanism of CIA. Differential metabolomics and histopathological analyses demonstrated that CII inhibits the progress of arthritis. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of CII on CIA may involve regulation of the disordered AA and phospholipid metabolic networks. This metabolomics study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of arthritis and, furthermore, indicates the potential mechanism underlying the significantly increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, defined as a clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, in arthritis patients.
Pinellia ternate
(Thunb.) Breit (Araceae) is an important Chinese medicinal herb. In order to obtain the hexadecaploid plants of
P
.
ternate
with improved medicinal qualities, the shoot tips from in ...vitro-grown plants were treated with colchicine at various concentrations for different time to double the chromosome number. We obtained highest (42.5%) frequency of morphological variation when the tips were treated with 0.1% colchicine for 48 h. The putative hexadecaploid plants showed characteristics such as larger and thicker leaves, deeper green leaf color, stouter petiole, larger stomata, lower density of stomata across the lower epidermis of leaves and increased numbers of chloroplasts per stomata guard cell. Further analysis by flow cytometry and chromosome counting confirmed seven out of 129 were hexadecaploids. Besides, the growth rate (GR) of PLBs in hexadecaploid plants was 10.49% (increase rate in 1 day), 1.6 times higher than that of octoploid plants and the alkaloid content of PLBs in hexadecaploid plants was 0.0794%, 1.8 times higher than that of octoploid plant. The results indicated that we have established a successful procedure for development and propagation of hexadecaploid of
P
.
ternate
with higher GR and alkaloid content.
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (Sanyeqing) is traditionally used as a folk medicine for the treatments of inflammation, high fever, hepatitis and cancer, and can improve the immune function of ...the patient. It belongs to the family of Vitaceae, and is mainly distributed in southeast China (Yunnan province) and can be found in India (Andaman Islands), Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia in the valleys with 1100–1300 m above the sea level.
The present study aimed to characterize the chemical properties of a purified polysaccharide extracted from the aerial part of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (SYQP) and investigate its antipyretic and antitumor effects in mice models.
Water-soluble crude polysaccharides from the aerial parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum were extracted and fractionated by DEAE and gel permeation chromatography. Homogeneity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and FTIR analysis were performed to characterize the SYQP. Antipyretic effect of SYQP was examined using Brewer's yeast induced hyperthermia test. Antitumor effect was investigated using H22 tumor bearing mice. The serum cytokines were determined to evaluated the biological activities of SYQP.
SYQP was composed of galacturonic acid (GalA), glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), and rhamnose (Rha) with a molar ratio of 11.3:7.1:2.5:1.0:0.9:0.5 and it had an average molecular weight of 66.2 kDa. The oral administration of SYQP at 200 and 400 mg/kg could markedly suppress the hyperthermia of mice induced by Brewer's yeast and decrease the production of cytokines especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the serum of mice. SYQP inhibited the growth of H22 tumor in mice with inhibitory rate of 39.9% at the administration dose of 200 mg/kg and increased the production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and interferon γ (IFN-γ). Experimental results showed that the preventive administration of SYQP before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduced the high cytokine levels such as IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ, indicating that SYQP might act as a competitor with LPS to interact with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), which further regulated the secretion of cytokines.
The anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities of SYQP might be related to its regulation of host immune function by controlling the secretion of cytokines.
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•The polysaccharide of aerial parts of Sanyeqing (SYQP) was extracted and purified.•Antipyretic and antitumor effects of SYQP related to the serum cytokines regulation.•SYQP may interact with TLR4 to regulate the secretion of cytokines.
Influenza represents a serious public health concern. The emergence of resistance to anti-influenza drugs underlines the need to develop new drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-influenza ...viral activity and possible mechanisms of 12 phenanthrenes from the medicinal plant Bletilla striata (Orchidaceae family).
Twelve phenanthrenes were isolated and identified from B. striata. Influenza virus A/Sydney/5/97 (H3N2) propagated in embryonated chicken eggs was used. Phenanthrenes mixed with the virus were incubated at 37 °C for 1 h and then inoculated into 9-day-old embryonated chicken eggs via the allantoic route to survey the antiviral activity in vivo. A (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS)-based assay was performed to evaluate the reduction of cytopathic effect induced by H3N2 on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The hemagglutination inhibition assay was used to study the blockage of virus receptors by the phenanthrenes, and the neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assay to evaluate the effects of the release of virus. The synthesis of influenza viral matrix protein mRNA in response to compound treatment was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
This study showed that phenanthrenes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 12 significantly inhibited the viruses in vivo, with inhibition rates of 20.7, 79.3, 17.2, 34.5, 34.5, 34.5, 44.8, 75.9, and 34.5%, respectively. In MDCK models, the phenanthrenes did not show significant antiviral activity when administered as pretreatment, while phenanthrenes 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 10, and 11 exhibited inhibitory activities as simultaneous treatment with 50% inhibition concentration (IC
) ranging from 14.6 ± 2.4 to 43.3 ± 5.3 μM. The IC
ranged from 18.4 ± 3.1 to 42.3 ± 3.9 μM in the post-treatment assays. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 10, and 11 exhibited an inhibitory effect on NA; and compounds 2, 3, 4 6, 7, 10, and 11 resulted in the reduced transcription of virus matrix protein mRNA. However, no compound could inhibit hemagglutination by the influenza virus.
Phenanthrenes from B. striata had strong anti-influenza viral activity in both embryonated eggs and MDCK models, and diphenanthrenes seemed to have stronger inhibition activity compared with monophenanthrenes.
Zeolite powder has been used as the hemostatic material in both military and civilian areas. However, challenges remained for zeolite becoming an ideal wound dressing due to its limited bioactivity ...in wound recovery and lack of fixation. Based on the above problems,
Bletilla striata
polysaccharides (BSP)-based spongy dressings incorporated with zeolite were developed in this study. Spectral properties, surface morphology, physical properties, hemostatic performance, wound healing and histological analysis were conducted to investigate the composite dressings. The results showed that the composite dressings exhibited a significant effect in the hemostasis experiments in vivo and in vitro and could reduce the thermal effect caused by zeolite during hemostatic process. In addition, the composite dressings not only showed antibacterial activity, but also provided good wound healing performance by showing quick recover of wound after application, which was related to the BSP via regulatory of the inflammation. Our study suggested the potential of the developed composite dressing in the application of hemostatic and wound healing.
Graphical abstract
Illustration of preparing the BSP/zeolite composite dressing and its application to enhanced hemostasis, antibacterial and wound healing.
Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHW) is a classic representative formula for treating qi deficiency and the blood stasis syndrome of stroke in the Qing Dynasty physician Wang Qingren's Correction on the ...Errors of Medical Works. However, the research on the mechanism of BYHW in the treatment of stroke is not systematic and comprehensive.
Combined with multi-omics analysis methods to explore the potential targets of BYHW in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).
The rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established to study the effect of BYHW on cerebral I/R injury in rats. Then, the potential targets and pathways of BYHW in the treatment of cerebral I/R injury were analyzed by proteomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic methods. Finally, 4D-PRM was used to validate potential targets.
BYHW effectively improved the neurological function scores of MCAO rats and significantly reduced the rate of cerebral infarction in MCAO rats. Multi-omics analysis had identified 15 potential targets and 4 potential signaling pathways. The results of 4D-PRM targeted proteomics verification showed that Pde1b was reversed up-regulated, and Aprt, Gpd1, Glb1, HEXA, and HEXB were reversed down-regulated.
BYHW may improve cerebral I/R through Aprt, Pde1b, Gpd1, Glb1, HEXA and HEXB targets, and Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Purine metabolism and Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - globoseries pathway.
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