Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve critical roles in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Herein, in this study, we aimed to investigate the biological and ...clinical significance of lncRNA DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5) in LUAD. It was observed that DGCR5 was upregulated in LUAD tissues and LUAD cell lines. Inhibition of DGCR5 can prevent LUAD progression via playing anti‐apoptosis roles. Both mRNA expression and protein levels of BCL‐2 were increased by DGCR5 downregulation while reversely BAX was increased. Additionally, a novel microRNA target of DGCR5, hsa‐mir‐22‐3p was identified through bioinformatics search and confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter system. Gain and loss‐of‐function studies were performed to verify whether DGCR5 exerts its biological functions through regulating hsa‐mir‐22‐3p in vitro. Overexpression of DGCR5 was able to reverse the tumor inhibitory effect of hsa‐mir‐22‐3p mimics. Furthermore, in vivo tests tumor xenografts were established to detect the function of DGCR5 in LUAD tumorigenesis. Downregulated DGCR5 expression was greatly associated with smaller tumor size, implying a favorable prognosis of LUAD patients. Taken these together, DGCR5 could be considered as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in LUAD diagnosis and treatment.
Our findings in LUAD cell lines and xenografts support the use of DGCR5 as an oncogene to promote LUAD development. This is the first reporting of a possible mechanism for a crosstalk between DGCR and hsa‐mir‐22‐3p crosstalk in LUAD. These results suggest DGCR5 as a potential target for LUAD treatment.
Non‐coding RNAs can exert significant roles various cancers, including NSCLC. Previously, we indicated that lncRNA DGCR5 can promote lung cancer progression through inhibiting hsa‐mir‐22‐3p. In our ...current study, we investigated the role of DGCR5 in cancer stem cell‐like properties of NSCLC. CSCs have been recognized as the frequent cause of tumor metastasis, tumor recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance. Here, lung cancer stem cells were successfully enriched from the parental NSCLC A549, H460, and H1299 cells by using tumor sphere formation assays and side population (SP) assays. We observed that DGCR5 was up‐regulated in the enriched CSCs of NSCLC. DGCR5 can inhibit the stemness of NSLCL while overexpression of DGCR5 promoted CSC‐like traits. In addition, miR‐330‐5p was predicted as target of DGCR5 and the correlation between them was validated by dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RIP assay, and RNA pull‐down assay. Meanwhile, it was found that miR‐330‐5p was decreased in CSCs of NSCLC. miR‐330‐5p mimics repressed the stemness while miR‐330‐5p inhibition enhanced CSC‐like properties by targeting CD44. Taken these together, DGCR5 can act as a crucial regulator of CSCs in NSCLC by modulating miR‐330‐5p/CD44 axis.
This is the first reporting of a possible mechanism for an interaction between DGCR and miR‐330‐5p in lung CSCs. We exhibited that DGCR5 silence can inhibit CSC‐like phenotypes in NSLCL by sponging miR‐330‐5p and increasing CD44 expression. These data suggested a possibility of developing DGCR5 as a potential target for NSCLC.
As ice-like crystals and non-stoichiometric compounds comprising gas and water, natural gas hydrates have drawn significant attention as a potential alternative energy source. This work focuses on ...holistically reviewing theoretical modeling and numerical studies conducted on the production of gas from natural gas hydrates. Firstly, fundamental models for the dissociation of a hydrate in a porous sediment are summarized in terms of the phase equilibrium and dissociation kinetics. The main features of different models and improvements for them are identified by clarifying crucial driving mechanisms and kinetic parameters. Subsequently, various numerical works addressing the dissociation of a hydrate in a porous sediment and the flow characteristics in a wellbore are reviewed, including aspects such as the theoretical background, computational scheme, and the physics involved. In general, profiting from a significant capacity to solve nonlinear differential equations, numerical simulations have contributed to great progress in fundamentally understanding the mechanism driving gas production and in developing effective exploitation methods. Owing to the substantial fundamental physics involved in the exploitation of natural gas hydrates, existing challenges, alternative strategies, and future directions are provided correspondingly from a practical application perspective.
Bhutanitis thaidina is an endemic, rare, and protected swallowtail in China. Deforestation, habitat fragmentation, illegal commercialised capture, and exploitation of larval food plants are believed ...to be the four major causes of population decline of B. thaidina in the recent decade. However, little attention was paid to the impact of climate change. This study used ecological niche factor analysis and species distribution model to analyse the current suitable areas for B. thaidina with BioClim variables as well as its future suitable areas under four future climate scenarios (represented by four Representative Concentration Pathways: RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5). Statistical analysis was carried out to compare the possible area and altitude changes to the distribution of B. thaidina under changing climate. Our analyses showed that the suitable areas for B. thaidina are fragmented under the current climate, with four suitable centres in northwestern Yunnan, northeastern Yunnan and northwestern Guizhou, the western margin of Sichuan Basin, and Qinling mountains. Apart from further habitat fragmentation under climate change, slight range expansion (average 6.0-8.9%) was detected under the RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 scenarios, while more range contraction (average 1.3-26.9%) was detected under the RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 scenarios, with the two southern suitable centres suffering most. Also, a tendency of contraction (2,500-3,500 m) and upslope shift (~600 m) in suitable altitude range were detected. The findings of this study supported the climate-vulnerable hypothesis of B. thaidina, especially under future climate like the RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 scenarios, in terms of contraction in suitable areas and altitude ranges. Conservation priority should be given to northwestern Yunnan, northeastern Yunnan, and northwestern Guizhou to alleviate the stress of massive habitat loss and extinction. Refugial areas should be established in all four suitable centres to maintain genetic diversity of B. thaidina in China.
Pollinating butterflies are an important asset to agriculture, which still depends on wild resources. Yunnan Province in Southwest China is a region with typical montane agriculture, but this ...resource is poorly investigated. From literature reference and specimen examination, the present study identified 554 species of pollinating butterflies (50.8% of the total butterflies) from Yunnan, with family Nymphalidae possessing the least number of pollinators (80 species, 16.0%), while the remaining four families are pollinator-rich (>73%). Tropical lowlands and mountain-valley areas possess higher species richness than those with plain terrains. The species richness of pollinating butterflies in Yunnan does not simply decline with the increase of latitude, nor is significantly different between West and East Yunnan. Zonation of pollinating butterflies using the parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) identified nine distribution zones and ten subzones. Most areas of endemism (AOE) are found in lowlands or mountain-valley areas, complexity of terrains, climates, and vegetation types are believed to be the main causes of such endemicity. The potential pollinating service of these butterflies could be great to montane agriculture with expanding areas of cash crops and fruit horticulture. Conservation strategies for pollinating butterflies may consist of preserving habitats and establishing butterfly-friendly agriculture based on local traditions.
The purpose of this article is to develop a new method to diagnose faults in pitch-controlled system of wind turbine. To do this, Fuzzy inference techniques combining the actual performance of wind ...turbine generating units and the spot workers’ as well as the experts’ experiences were used and a model is developed to diagnose faults in pitch-controlled system. The fuzzy theory is used to solve uncertainty inference problem through the establishment of the fault tree. The diagnostic accuracy is raised and the confirmation time of fault is improved at the same time by this method.
The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays a key role in the regulatory network of inflammation. The deletion variant allele of the NFKB1-94 ...insertion/deletion (ins/del) ATTG promoter polymorphism results in lower transcription levels of the p50 subunit, and the variant allele has been associated with several inflammatory diseases as well as with coronary artery disease (CAD) with inflammation playing an important part in the pathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between the human NFKB1 gene polymorphism and CAD in a Han and Uygur population of China.
We used the following two independent case-control studies: a Han population (633 CAD patients and 616 control subjects) and a Uygur population (437 CAD patients and 356 control subjects). All participants were genotyped for the same one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs28362491) of the NFKB1 gene, that is, DD, ATTG deleted homozygote; ID, ATTG inserted and deleted heterozygote and II, ATTG inserted homozygote by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
The distribution of the SNP (rs28362491) genotypes was significantly different between CAD and control participants in women of the Han (p=0.029) and the Uygur (p=0.032) populations, but not in men. Further, DD carriers of the SNP in the NFKB1 gene were more frequent in female CAD patients than in controls in both the Han (23.2% vs. 13.5%, p=0.009) and the Uygur (19.8% vs. 8.3%, p=0.012) population. The significant difference between DD and ID+II genotypes was retained after adjustment for covariates (for Han, odds ratio OR: 1.805, p=0.029 and for Uygur, OR: 3.192, p=0.011).
The DD genotype of the SNP (rs28362491) in the NFKB1 gene may be considered a genetic marker of CAD in Han and Uygur women in China.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) plays a significant role in porous media analysis and petroleum exploration, but its response is significantly influenced by the internal magnetic field gradient in ...fluid saturated porous medium, which obviously limits the accuracy of rock core analysis and logging interpretation. The influential factors of the internal magnetic field gradient in formation and its influences on NMR response are studied in this paper, based on NMR mechanism through one- and two-dimensional core NMR experiments. The results indicate that the internal magnetic field gradient is positively correlated with the static magnetic field strength and the magnetic susceptibility difference between pore fluid and solid grains, while it presents negative correlation with pore radius. The internal magnetic field gradient produces an additional diffusion relaxation in hydrogen relaxation system and accelerates the attenuation of magnetization vector. As a result,
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spectrum shifts to the left and NMR porosity and diffusion coefficient of the fluid could be inaccurate. This research sets a foundation for the NMR porosity correction and fluid distribution on
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maps based on the internal magnetic field gradient correction.
The quantitative phase-field simulations were reviewed on the processes of solidification of pure metals and alloys. The quantitative phase-field equations were treated in a diffuse thin-interface ...limit, which enabled the quantitative links between interface dynamics and model parameters in the quasi-equilibrium simulations. As a result, the quantitative modeling is more effective in dealing with microstructural pattern formation in the large scale simulations without any spurious kinetic effects. The development of the quantitative phase-field models in modeling the formation of microstructures such as dendritic structures, eutectic lamellas, seaweed morphologies, and grain boundaries in different solidified conditions was also reviewed with the purpose of guiding to find the new prospect of applications in the quantitative phase-field simulations.
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