For the higher-dimensional dS spacetime embedded with black holes with non-linear charges, there are two horizons with different radiation temperatures. By introducing the interplay between two ...horizons this system can be regarded as an ordinary thermodynamic system in the thermodynamic equilibrium described by the thermodynamic quantities (
T
eff
,
P
eff
,
V
,
S
,
Φ
eff
). In this work, our focus is on the thermodynamic properties of phase transition for the four-dimensional dS spacetime with different values of the charge correction
ϕ
¯
. We find that with the increasing of the non-linear charge correction the two horizons get closer and closer, and the correction entropy is negative which indicates the interaction between the two horizons stronger and stronger. Furthermore, the heat capacity at constant pressure, isobaric expansion coefficient, and the isothermal compression coefficient have the Schottky peak at the critical point. However, the heat capacity as constant volume for the dS spacetime is nonzero. Finally, the dynamical properties of phase transition for this system have investigated based on Gibbs free energy, where exists the different behavior with that for AdS black holes.
Metformin is a commonly used drug for the treatment of type II diabetes and atorvastatin is the most prescribed cholesterol-lowering statin. The present study investigated the effects and mechanisms ...of metformin and atorvastatin in combination on human prostate cancer cells cultured in vitro and grown as xenograft tumor in vivo. Metformin in combination with atorvastatin had stronger effects on growth inhibition and apoptosis in PC-3 cells than either drug alone. The combination also potently inhibited cell migration and the formation of tumorspheres. Metformin and atorvastatin in combination had a potent inhibitory effect on nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activity and caused strong decreases in the expression of its downstream anti-apoptotic gene Survivin. Moreover, strong decreases in the levels of phospho-Akt and phosphor-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 were found in the cells treated with the combination. The in vivo study showed that treatment of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice with metformin or atorvastatin alone resulted in moderate inhibition of tumor growth while the combination strongly inhibited the growth of the tumors. Results of the present study indicate the combination of metformin and atorvastatin may be an effective strategy for inhibiting the growth of prostate cancer and should be evaluated clinically.
Lycium barbarum have received an increasing popularity due to its powerful biological activity and medicinal use. However, the effect of Lycium barbarum on skin remains largely uncharacterized. The ...general purpose of this paper was to characterize the phenolic compounds in Lycium barbarum extract (LBE) using LC‐HRMS/QTOF method and to investigate whether topical administration of LBE can repair skin barrier dysfunction in mice. Our data demonstrated that LBE could not only decrease ROS level and matrix metalloproteinase expression, but also strengthen intrinsic antioxidant defense system including SOD, GSH‐Px and CAT, thereby resulting in increased skin collagen content and an improvement of UV‐induced skin erythema, thickness and wrinkles. Improved skin barrier functions were highly correlated with increased expression of filaggrin, involucrin and loricrin as well as antioxidant proteins such as Nrf2 and HO‐1 in UV‐irradiated mice, suggesting that LBE may be promising natural products at a lower cost for the topical application in the treatment of skin diseases with defective barrier function.
Phenolic‐containing extracts of Lycium barbarum (LBE) have a beneficial effect on skin barrier impairment and effectively prevents skin dryness, epidermal thickening, wrinkles and widespread erythema through strengthening antioxidative enzyme activities and inhibiting the excessive degradation of collagen. LBE are effective to induce the protection of skin barrier function by activating Nrf2 and its related signaling pathway as well as upregulating epidermal barrier proteins including FLG, IVL and LOR and scavenging ROS produced in mouse skin.
Since the black hole and cosmological horizons in the de Sitter (dS) spacetime with the Reissner–Nordström (RN) black hole are not independent with each other, which is caused by the gravitational ...effect, the interplay between two horizons should be considered. Based on this, by introducing the interactive entropy the RN–dS spacetime is analogous to a thermodynamic system with various thermodynamic quantities, in which the laws of thermodynamics still hold on. In our work, the thermodynamic properties of the RN–dS spacetime are mapped out in the induced phase space, which are similar to that in AdS black holes. The phase transition of the RN–dS spacetime between the high-potential and the low-potential black hole phases is observed. Compared with an ordinary thermodynamic system, the similar behaviors about the Joule–Thomson expansion and the critical exponents are also checked out. Finally, the scalar curvatures of two existent phases are presented to reveal the underlying microstructure and nature of phase transition in the RN–dS spacetime, which opens a new window to investigate the dS spacetime with black holes from an observational perspective.
For Anti-de Sitte (AdS) black holes, the isochoric heat capacity of system is vanished, while the isobaric heat capacity is not. However, this situation does not hold on for de Sitter (dS) black ...holes. In this work, by introducing the interaction between the black hole horizon and the cosmological horizon of the Reissner–Nordström-de Sitter (RNdS) spacetime with quintessence, we discuss the phase transition of this system. The results show that the spacetime not only has the similar phase transition behavior to that of Van der Waals (VdW) system, and the non-vanishing isochoric heat capacity fulfills the whole thermodynamics system. Through the discussion of the entropic force between two horizons, we find out the role of entropic force in the evolution of spacetime. In addition, we also study the influence of various parameters on the phase transition and entropic force, which will provide a new method for exploring the interaction among black hole molecules from a micro perspective.
This review summarizes and describes the use of curcumin in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. For diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-β and highly phosphorylated tau ...protein are the major biomarkers. Curcumin was developed as an early diagnostic probe based on its natural fluorescence and high binding affinity to amyloid-β. Because of its multi-target effects, curcumin has protective and preventive effects on many chronic diseases such as cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. For prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, curcumin has been shown to effectively maintain the normal structure and function of cerebral vessels, mitochondria, and synapses, reduce risk factors for a variety of chronic diseases, and decrease the risk of Alzheimer's disease. The effect of curcumin on Alzheimer's disease involves multiple signaling pathways: anti-amyloid and metal iron chelating properties, antioxidation and anti-inflammatory activities. Indeed, there is a scientific basis for the rational application of curcumin in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Low-dimensional chiral organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides have attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to their unique intrinsic properties, including having potential applications in ...optoelectronic and spintronic devices. However, low-dimensional chiral molecular ferroelectrics are very rare. In this paper, we report a novel zero-dimensional molecular ferroelectric (C9H14N)2CdBr4 (C9H14N+ = protonated 3-phenylpropylamine), which has obvious dielectric and thermal anomalies and shows a high Curie temperature at 395 K. It crystallizes in the P21 space group at room temperature, showing a strong CD signal, large spontaneous polarization (Ps = 13.5 μC cm−2), and a clear ferroelectric domain. In addition, it also exhibits a flexible SHG response. The photoluminescence spectrum shows that 1 has broadband luminescence. At the same time, compound 1 has a wide band gap, which is mainly contributed to by the inorganic CdBr4 tetrahedron. The high tunability of low-dimensional chiral molecular ferroelectrics also opens up a way to explore multifunctional chiral materials.
•The thermal energy flow model with time delay under CF-VT for DHN is proposed.•The model for DHN under different heating regulation modes is distinguished.•An optimal scheduling strategy of DIHPS ...under VF-CT and CF-VT is proposed.•The total thermal capacity of buildings is less under CF-VT than VF-CT.•Thermal inertia of DHN restrict flexibility of DIHPS with multiple energy stations.
Utilizing multiple energy supply solutions and the thermal inertia of buildings are considered as an efficient method for improving energy conservation and the operational flexibility of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) for wind power integration in a district integrated heat and power system (DIHPS). However, to truly take advantage of these, many factors such as the energy price, the variable efficiency of devices, and especially the different heating regulation modes (the quantity regulation and the quality regulation mode) are imperative to be considered for variable situations of the practical project. Therefore, in this paper, an integrated hydraulic-thermal model of the district heating network (DHN) under the quantity regulation mode is introduced, and a novel thermal energy flow model with transmission time delay under the quality regulation mode is firstly proposed to simulate the dynamic thermal energy distribution of the DHN with multiple heat sources. Then, in terms of different heating regulation modes, the different thermal capacity of buildings to increase the flexibility of the DIHPS is studied. Moreover, an optimal scheduling method considering different energy stations and the thermal inertia of buildings under different heating regulation modes is proposed to guide the operation of the DIHPS in variable actual engineering applications for the sake of operational economics and wind power utilization. Finally, numerical cases have been compared based on a modified testing system. The results demonstrate that under the quantity regulation mode the coordination of energy stations effectively reduces the daily operation cost by 17.4%. The thermal inertia of buildings give a saving rate of 6.4% and he penalty cost of wind power is reduced by 36.3% further. Moreover, the total thermal capacity of buildings to reduce the operation cost and the wind power curtailment is less under the quality regulation mode. It results that the daily operation cost increases by 4.1%. In addition, towards the DIHPS with multiple energy stations in our case, the thermal inertia of pipes cloud not reduce the daily operation cost.
Considering the nonlinearity of the Yang Mills charge, we investigate the Joule–Thomson expansion for the Einstein–Power–Yang–Mills AdS black holes in the context of the gauge-gravity duality. Under ...this framework, we calculate the Joule–Thomson coefficient, describe all relevant inversion and isenthalpic curves in the temperature-pressure plane that determining in this manner the corresponding cooling and heating regions. Finally we analyze the effect of the charge nonlinearity on the Joule–Thomson expansion.
A
bstract
In this work, we investigate the relation between the photon sphere radius and the first-order phase transition for the charged Einstein-power-Yang-Mills AdS black hole. Through the ...analysis, we find with a certain condition there exist the non-monotonic behaviors between the photon sphere radius, the impact parameter, the non-linear Yang-Mills charge parameter, temperature, and pressure. And both the changes of photon sphere radius and impact parameter before and after phase transition can be regarded as the order parameter, their critical exponents near the critical point are equal to the same value 1/2, just like the ordinary thermal systems. These indicate that there maybe exists a universal relation of gravity nearby the critical point for a black hole thermodynamical system. Furthermore, the effect of impact parameter on the deflect angle is also investigated.
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