ABSTRACT We present results of a stellar occultation by the Jupiter Trojan asteroid Patroclus and its nearly equal size moon, Menoetius. The geocentric mid-time of the event was 2013 October 21 ...06:43:02 UT. Eleven sites out of 36 successfully recorded an occultation. Seven chords across Patroclus yielded an elliptical limb fit of 124.6 by 98.2 km. There were six chords across Menoetius that yielded an elliptical limb fit of 117.2 by 93.0 km. There were three sites that got chords on both objects. At the time of the occultation we measured a separation of 664.6 km (0.247 arcsec) and a position angle for Menoetius of 265 7 measured eastward from J2000 north. Combining this occultation data with previous light curve data, the axial ratios of both objects are 1.3 : 1.21 : 1, indicative of a mostly oblate ellipsoid with a slight asymmetry in its equatorial projection. The oblate shape is not an equilibrium shape for the current rotation period, but would be if it were rotating with an ∼8 h period. This faster period is consistent with a pre-evolved state of the system with an orbital separation that is 50% smaller. Our best estimate of the system density is 0.88 g cm−3.
Federal and state government agencies and Indian tribes, acting on behalf of the public as trustees, can recover damages to natural resources from companies responsible for oil spills or ...hazardous-substance releases. Habitat equivalency analysis (HEA) is a method for estimating the appropriate amount of compensation for interim losses resulting from such spills or releases. HEA has several restrictive assumptions that are not met in many situations and its input parameters often are not known with certainty, which can lead to substantial differences between HEA results and the “true” amount of compensation for losses resulting from oil spills or hazardous-substance releases. Critical assumptions of HEA include a preference for compensation with the same services as were injured, a fixed proportion of habitat services to habitat value, and a constant real value of services over time. HEA also requires that complex ecological services are expressed as a single metric and that the incremental effect of spills/releases are estimated reliably over time. Notwithstanding these important assumptions and limitations, HEA is frequently used to settle natural resource damage (NRD) claims and two HEA applications to NRD claims have been upheld by the courts. When properly structured and applied, HEA can produce relatively reliable results for most oil spills and simple cases involving hazardous-substance releases. Even when unmet assumptions and/or differences in professional judgment with respect to input parameters produce differences in HEA results, the method can be useful in achieving an NRD settlement in a variety of situations. However, HEA should only be viewed as a framework to provide a general approximation of any required restoration, and not as a substitute for a formal NRD assessment in cases involving complex hazardous-substance releases.
The authors investigate a previously overlooked yet important objective for employee job search-seeking leverage against the current employer. They explore the outcomes and correlates of ...leverage-seeking search and how it may differ from the more traditional objective for engaging in job search-to change jobs. Results show that leverage-seeking and separation-seeking search objectives associate with different outcomes. The authors also find that characteristics of the work situation and individual differences associate with leverage-seeking search and relate differently with the 2 job search objectives. Implications for practice and the advancement of job search research are discussed.
Over the past decade, modern synchrotron radiation sources have provided continuously tunable, intense well-collimated beams of hard X-rays. Our group has exploited such beams, in the energy range ...2–100
keV, to study higher-order processes in atomic photoionization and vacancy decay which were hitherto difficult to observe and we review five specific examples of that work here. These topics include high-energy photoionization of helium, nondipolar photoionization, double K-shell ionization, two-photon decays of inner-shell vacancies, and nuclear excitations by electronic transition.
At present there are 1,194 Superfund sites throughout the United States that are on the National Priorities List, because past releases of hazardous substances have contaminated natural resources and ...pose a human health risk. Section 107 of the Superfund Act (more formally, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act) allows federal and state government agencies, acting as natural resource trustees, to collect monetary damages from responsible parties for residual losses incurred by the public as a result of injuries to natural resources (such as ground water) caused by hazardous-substance releases. Residual losses may include losses incurred prior to and or after the completion of remediation activities. The agencies must use the recovered natural resource damages to restore, rehabilitate, replace, or acquire the equivalent of the injured natural resources. This article focuses on estimating natural resource damages from ground-water contamination at Superfund and other sites where hazardous substances have been released. The first section briefly describes the application of the natural resource damage assessment process to ground-water contamination. The second section discusses some techniques for valuing reductions in the services provided by ground water. The third section examines the applicability and measurement of so-called nonuse values associated with ground water. The fourth section addresses natural resource damage assessment issues that may arise at actual ground-water-contamination sites. The last section summarizes the main results of this article and presents some conclusions.
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