To summarize and analyze the medical mission of China National Earthquake Disaster Emergency Search and Rescue Team (CNESAR) in Lushan earthquake, to promote the medical rescue effectiveness ...incorporated with search and rescue.
Retrospective analysis of medical work data by CNESAR from April 21th, 2013 to April 27th during Lushan earthquake rescue, including the medical staff dispatch and the wounded case been treated.
The reasonable medical corps was composed by 22 members, including 2 administrators, 11 doctors covering emergency medicine, orthopedics (joints and limbs, spinal), obstetrics and gynecology, gastroenterology, cardiology, ophthalmology, anesthesiology, medical rescue, health epidemic prevention, clinical laboratory of 11 specialties, 1 ultrasound technician, 5 nurses, 1 pharmacist, 1 medical instrument engineer and 1 office worker for propaganda. There were two members having psychological consultants qualifications. The medical work were carried out in seven aspects, including medical care assurance for the CNESAR members, first aid cooperation with search and rescue on site, clinical work in refugees' camp, medical round service for scattered village people, evacuation for the wounded, mental intervention, and the sanitary and anti-epidemic work. The medical work covered 24 small towns, and medical staff established 3 medical clinics at Taiping Town, Shuangshi Town of Lushan County and Baoxing County. Medical rescue, mental intervention for the old and kids, and sanitary and anti-epidemic were performed at the above sites. The medical corps had successful evacuated 2 severe wounded patients and treated the wounded over thousands. Most of the wounded were soft tissue injuries, external injury, respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, and heat stroke.
Compared with the rescue action in 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the aggregation and departure of rescue team in Lushan earthquake, the traffic control order in disaster area, the self-aid and buddy aid are better, which give rise to the casualties to the lowest. The medical mission incorporated with search and rescue work showed that the medical performance manner altered with stages, the medical staff match changed with the mission, and the focus related with rescue time.
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.（EuO）,also known as Duzhong,native to China,has been reported to have antioxidative function,but its cellular mechanism is not fully examined yet.We investigated inhibitory ...effects of EuO leaf ethanol extracts on H2O2-induced apoptosis in rat osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and underlying mechanisms.Locally-grown Duzhong leaves were extracted with ethanol.MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with EuO （6.25,12.5,25,50,and 100 μg/ml） for 24 h,and then H2O2 （800 μmol/L） for an additional 24 h.Cell survival rate,percentage of apoptosis,and expressions of caspases 3,6,7,and 9 were examined using 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay,microscopic analysis,Western blotting,and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）.The final EuO leaf ethanol extract powder was detected to contain caffeotannic acid at 58 mg/g and geniposide at 3.45 mg/g by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）.EuO remarkably restrained cell oxidative damage and increased cell survival rate in a dose-dependent manner： 0 μg/ml,0.21; 6.25 μg/ml,0.28; 12.5 μg/ml,0.31; 25 μg/ml,0.48; 50 μg/ml,0.54; and 100 μg/ml,0.66 （P〈0.05）,with the half-effective concentration being around 25 μg/ml.MTT results were confirmed by microscopic analysis.Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses showed that the expressions of caspases 3,6,7,and 9 were significantly decreased in the EuO-treated cells compared with the control （EuOand H2O2-free） （P〈0.05）,with the half-effective concentration of EuO ranging from 12.5 to 25 μg/ml.We conclude that the ethanol-extracted EuO leaf extracts promoted the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells,and suppressed the H2O2-induced apoptosis in a rat MC3T3-E1 osteogenic cell model,likely due to the inhibition of caspases’ activities.The results indicate that EuO is a potent antioxidant,which may contribute to its many cellular protective functions,including the promotion of bone growth.
We report for the first time an expressed proteome for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in nude mice model. Most cases of human liver cancer are HCC with highly metastatic ability. Therefore, the ...early prediction or diagnosis and effective treatment are the key points of research. We have previously successfully established a human HCC nude mice model (LCI‐D20) with high metastasis potential. To understand better the tumor biology of HCC it is worth to explore the relativity of all expressed protein profiles in the LCI‐D20 HCC nude mice model. With advanced proteomics technologies, we have carried out a proteomic analysis with following stages: protein sample preparation of cancer tissue, including total cellular extraction and sequential fractionation, 2‐DE and 2‐D LC separation, ESI/MALDI‐MS/MS identification, as well as data‐dependent bioinformatics. The identified proteins were classified bioinformatically respective to their function, biological process and intracellular localization. Some important proteins found in HCC, e.g. metabolism enzymes, proteins regulating cell motility, signaling proteins, and heat shock proteins, are discussed in terms of their metastasis.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH）, initially identified as a glycolytic enzyme and considered as a housekeeping gene, is widely used as an internal control in experiments on proteins, ...mRNA, and DNA. However, emerging evidence indicates that GAPDH is implicated in diverse functions independent of its role in energy metabolism; the expression status of GAPDH is also deregulated in various cancer cells. One of the most common effects of GAPDH is its inconsistent role in the determination of cancer cell fate. Furthermore, studies have described GAPDH as a regulator of cell death; other studies have suggested that GAPDH participates in tumor progression and serves as a new therapeutic target. However, related regulatory mechanisms of its numerous cellular functions and deregulated expression levels remain unclear. GAPDH is tightly regulated at transcriptional and pnsttranscriptional levels, which are involved in the regulation of diverse GAPDH functions. Several cancer-related factors, such as insulin, hypoxia inducible factor-1 （HIF-1）, p53, nitric oxide （NO）, and acetylated histone, not only modulate GAPDH gene expression but also affect protein functions via common pathways. Moreover, posttranslational modifications （PTMs） occurring in GAPDH in cancer cells result in new activities unrelated to the original glycnlytic function of GAPDH. In this review, recent findings related to GAPDH transcriptional regulation and PTMs are summarized. Mechanisms and pathways involved in GAPDH regulation and its different roles in cancer cells are also described.
Vascular endothelial cell growth inhibitor (VEGI) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily and plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. In this study, to investigate the ...anticancer therapeutic potential of this gene, a secreted isoform of VEGI (VEGI-251) was inserted into a selectively replicating adenovirus with E1B 55 kDa gene deletion (ZD55) to construct ZD55-VEGI-251. We report here that secreted VEGI-251 produced from ZD55-VEGI-251-infected cancer cells potently inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, tube formation in vitro and angiogenesis of chick chorioallantoic membrane in vivo. Additionally, ZD55-VEGI-251 infection leads to a much more severe cytopathic effect than control viruses on several human cancer cell lines, including cervical cancer cell line HeLa, hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 and colorectal cancer cell line SW620. Further study reveals that the increased cytotoxicity is a result of VEGI-251 autocrine-dependent, mitochondria-mediated apoptosis accompanied by caspase-9 activation, enhanced caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. Moreover, ZD55-VEGI-251-treatment of athymic nude mice bearing human cervical and colorectal tumor xenografts markedly suppressed tumor growth. Our findings indicate that the combined effect of antiangiogenesis and apoptosis-induction activity makes the VEGI-251-armed oncolytic adenovirus a promising therapeutic agent for cancer.
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a lethal disease. For patients with localized PDAC, surgery is the best option, but with a median survival of less than 2 years and a ...difficult and prolonged postoperative course for most, there is an urgent need to better identify patients who have the most aggressive disease. Methods and Findings We analyzed the gene expression profiles of primary tumors from patients with localized compared to metastatic disease and identified a six-gene signature associated with metastatic disease. We evaluated the prognostic potential of this signature in a training set of 34 patients with localized and resected PDAC and selected a cut-point associated with outcome using X-tile. We then applied this cut-point to an independent test set of 67 patients with localized and resected PDAC and found that our signature was independently predictive of survival and superior to established clinical prognostic factors such as grade, tumor size, and nodal status, with a hazard ratio of 4.1 (95% confidence interval CI 1.7-10.0). Patients defined to be high-risk patients by the six-gene signature had a 1-year survival rate of 55% compared to 91% in the low-risk group. Conclusions Our six-gene signature may be used to better stage PDAC patients and assist in the difficult treatment decisions of surgery and to select patients whose tumor biology may benefit most from neoadjuvant therapy. The use of this six-gene signature should be investigated in prospective patient cohorts, and if confirmed, in future PDAC clinical trials, its potential as a biomarker should be investigated. Genes in this signature, or the pathways that they fall into, may represent new therapeutic targets. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) is an important breast cancer-susceptibility gene. Promoter polymorphisms in BRCA2 may affect its transcription and be associated with cancer prognosis.
We identified five ...polymorphisms of the BRCA2 promoter region by in silico searching and direct sequencing: -254A/G (rs3092989), -908A/G (rs206117), -1134A/G (rs206115), -1144C/T (rs206116), and -1260CTTAGA/- (rs3072036). The -908A/G, -1134A/G, -1144C/T, and -1260CTTAGA/- polymorphisms were genotyped by direct sequencing in 491 breast cancer patients, and the -254A/G polymorphism was genotyped by Sequenom.
The -1144C/T polymorphism was associated with clinical outcome. Carriers of the TT genotype had longer disease-free intervals (DFIs, P = 0.029), especially among patients with sporadic unilateral breast cancer (P = 0.010). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed that all the five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were in LD (D' > 0.8). Carriers of haplotypes containing the -1144T allele showed longer DFIs (P = 0.049), and the result was more significant in patients with sporadic unilateral cancer (P = 0.018). There were no significant associations between the other polymorphisms and DFI.
The results of this study suggest that homozygosity for the BRCA2 T(-1144) allele is associated with a longer DFI in Chinese women with breast cancer. Further functional studies are warranted to clarify this relationship.
Children conceived via assisted reproductive technologies （ART） are nowadays a substantial proportion of the population. It is important to follow up these children and evaluate whether they have ...elevated health risks com- pared to naturally conceived （NC） children. In recent years there has been a lot of work in this field. This review will summarize what is known about the health of ART-conceived children, encompassing neonatal outcomes, birth de- fects, growth and gonadal developments, physical health, neurological and neurodevelopmental outcomes, psycho- social developments, risk for cancer, and epigenetic abnormalities. Most of the children conceived after ART are normal. However, there is increasing evidence that ART-conceived children are at higher risk of poor perinatal out- come, birth defects, and epigenetic disorders, and the mechanism（s） leading to these changes have not been eluci- dated. Continuous follow-up of children after ART is of great importance as they progress through adolescence into adulthood, and new ART techniques are constantly being introduced.
Altered expression of miRNA-98 （miR-98） has been reported in osteoarthritis （OA） patients, while its role and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, a rat model of OA was ...established using modified Hulth method, and the expression level of miR-98 and its effect on car- tilage degradation and cell apoptosis in OA rats were examined. The results showed that up- regulated miR-98 was observed in OA rats, and knockdown of miR-98 in OA rats resulted in an inhibitory effect on cartilage degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis. Then the potential apoptosis associated genes regulated by miR-98 were screened and examined in cartilage tissues. The target gene of miR-98 was validated by luciferase reporter assay. The data showed that the increased miR-98 was accompanied with a reduced expression of Bcl-2 at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the silencing of miR-98 in OA rats prevented the down-regulation of Bcl-2 in cartilage tissues. Finally, the luciferase reporter assay validated that Bcl-2 was the target gene of miR-98. In this study, we found that miR-98 might promote chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degradation by down-regulating Bcl-2 expression in the pathogenesis of OA, suggesting that miR-98 can be a potential target for the treatment of OA.
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