The diverse expression pattern of CD36 reflects its multiple cellular functions. However, the roles of CD36 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown. Here, we discover that CD36 expression is ...progressively decreased from adenomas to carcinomas. CD36 loss predicts poor survival of CRC patients. In CRC cells, CD36 acts as a tumor suppressor and inhibits aerobic glycolysis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, CD36-Glypcian 4 (GPC4) interaction could promote the proteasome-dependent ubiquitination of GPC4, followed by inhibition of β-catenin/c-myc signaling and suppression of downstream glycolytic target genes GLUT1, HK2, PKM2 and LDHA. Moreover, disruption of CD36 in inflammation-induced CRC model as well as Apc
mice model significantly increased colorectal tumorigenesis. Our results reveal a CD36-GPC4-β-catenin-c-myc signaling axis that regulates glycolysis in CRC development and may provide an intervention strategy for CRC prevention.
•A simple method has been successfully applied to the preparation of MXene-CNT/PANI ternary composite.•MXene makes the CNT/PANI disperse uniformly, achieving good electrical conductivity and facile ...ion diffusion pathway.•MXene-CNT/PANI electrode has superior gravimetric capacity and cyclic stability.
MXene is considered a promising two-dimensional (2D) material with excellent conductivity, and it has been proved to be a potential material for supercapacitor electrode. However, the supercapacitive performances of the pristine MXene are always not satisfactory due to the innate re-stacking tendency of the MXene nanosheets. In this work, the carbon nanotubes/polyaniline (CNT/PANI) nanocomposite was introduced and obtained MXene-CNT/PANI ternary composite electrode. Thanks to the synergy between each component, MXene-CNT/PANI exhibited enhanced specific capacitance that reached 429.4 F/g at 1A/g, which is completely better than that of any single compound in the ternary material. Besides, this ternary composite electrode holds a high stable cycle performance with over 93% retention after 10,000 cycles. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis was also carried out to prove the relationship between the capacitive contribution and the scan rate of the MXene-CNT/PANI.
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) was abundant in the tumor microenvironment and played potential roles in tumor progression. In our study, the expression of IL-6 in tumor tissues from 36 gastric cancer (GC) ...patients was significantly higher than in non-tumor tissues. Moreover, the number of CD163
+
CD206
+
M2 macrophages that infiltrated in tumor tissues was significantly greater than those infiltrated in non-tumor tissues. The frequencies of M2 macrophages were positively correlated with the IL-6 expression in GC tumors. We also found that IL-6 could induce normal macrophages to differentiate into M2 macrophages with higher IL-10 and TGF-β expression, and lower IL-12 expression, via activating STAT3 phosphorylation. Accordingly, knocking down STAT3 using small interfering RNA decreased the expression of M2 macrophages-related cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β). Furthermore, supernatants from IL-6-induced M2 macrophages promote GC cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, IL-6 production and CD163
+
CD206
+
M2 macrophage infiltration in tumors were associated with disease progression and reduced GC patient survival. In conclusion, our data indicate that IL-6 induces M2 macrophage differentiation (IL-10
high
TGF-β
high
IL-12
p35
low
) by activating STAT3 phosphorylation, and the IL-6-induced M2 macrophages exert a pro-tumor function by promoting GC cell proliferation and migration.
Natural killer (NK) cell activity is influenced by a complex integration of signaling pathways activated downstream of both activating and inhibitory surface receptors. The tumor microenvironment can ...suppress NK cell activity, and there is a great clinical interest in understanding whether modulating tumor-mediated NK cell suppression and/or boosting preexisting NK cell numbers in cancer patients is therapeutically viable. To this light, we characterized the surface receptor phenotypes of peripheral blood NK cells and examined their clinical relevance to human gastric cancer (GC). We found that the proportion of peripheral blood NK cells which expressed the activating receptors NKp30, NKp46, NKG2D, and DNAM-1 was significantly decreased in GC patients compared to healthy donors, and that this decrease was positively associated with tumor progression. At the same time, plasma TGF-β1 concentrations were significantly increased in GC patients and negatively correlated with the proportion of NKp30, NKp46, NKG2D, and DNAM-1 expressing NK cells. Furthermore, TGF-β1 significantly downregulated the expression of NKp30, NKp46, NKG2D, and DNAM-1 on NK cells in vitro, and the addition of galunisertib, an inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor subunit I, reversed this downregulation. Altogether, our data suggest that the decreased expression of activating receptors NKp30, NKp46, NKG2D, and DNAM-1 on peripheral blood NK cells is positively associated with GC progression, and that TGF-β1-mediated NK cell suppression may be a therapeutically targetable characteristic of GC.
High-performance multifunctional electromagnetic (EM) materials exhibit great potential for development, and have attracted extensive attention from the scientific field. Generally, the dielectric ..."genes", including conductive networks, interfaces, and defects, are the pivotal factors that determine their performance. Herein, multifunctional Ti3C2Tx@polyaniline decorated MWCNT (TPMC) nanocomposites, containing generous dielectric "genes", were synthesized via the electrostatic self-assembly method. Thanks to the regulation of internal dielectric "genes", TPMC exhibited a tunable EM wave absorption (EMA) and EM interference (EMI) shielding performance. TPMC achieved a maximum reflection loss (RL) of −54.7 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of nearly 6 GHz at 1.5 mm. Moreover, the complete conductive networks endowed TPMC with a reliable EMI shielding capability. It exhibited a maximum EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 34 dB, and meanwhile, displayed an absorption-dominated green shielding performance. Furthermore, owing to the integration of the "genes", TPMC showed a high coulomb efficiency (∼98%) and excellent cycling stability (exceeded 95% retation after 8000 cycles), indicating a great potential as outstanding supercapacitor electrode material. This work provides a promising strategy for controlling the EM pollution and alleviating the energy issues.
The Dielectric "genes" are the key core to regulate the multifunction of TPMC, which include defects, interfaces, functional groups and conductive networks. By regulating and patching the dielectric "genes" of TPMC, the multifunctional integration of EM wave absorption, EMI shielding and charge storage can be achieved. Display omitted
Neutrophils are prominent components of solid tumours and exhibit distinct phenotypes in different tumour microenvironments. However, the nature, regulation, function and clinical relevance of ...neutrophils in human gastric cancer (GC) are presently unknown.
Flow cytometry analyses were performed to examine levels and phenotype of neutrophils in samples from 105 patients with GC. Kaplan-Meier plots for overall survival were performed using the log-rank test. Neutrophils and T cells were isolated, stimulated and/or cultured for in vitro and in vivo regulation and function assays.
Patients with GC showed a significantly higher neutrophil infiltration in tumours. These tumour-infiltrating neutrophils showed an activated CD54
phenotype and expressed high level immunosuppressive molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Neutrophils activated by tumours prolonged their lifespan and strongly expressed PD-L1 proteins with similar phenotype to their status in GC, and significant correlations were found between the levels of PD-L1 and CD54 on tumour-infiltrating neutrophils. Moreover, these PD-L1
neutrophils in tumours were associated with disease progression and reduced GC patient survival. Tumour-derived GM-CSF activated neutrophils and induced neutrophil PD-L1 expression via Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling pathway. The activated PD-L1
neutrophils effectively suppressed normal T-cell immunity in vitro and contributed to the growth and progression of human GC in vivo; the effect could be reversed by blocking PD-L1 on these neutrophils.
Our results illuminate a novel mechanism of PD-L1 expression on tumour-activated neutrophils in GC, and also provide functional evidence for these novel GM-CSF-PD-L1 pathways to prevent, and to treat this immune tolerance feature of GC.
2D anisotropic transport of photons/electrons is crucial for constructing ultracompact on‐chip circuits. To date, the photons in organic 2D crystals usually exhibit the isotropic propagation, and the ...anisotropic behaviors have not yet been fully demonstrated. Now, an orientation‐controlled photon–dipole interaction strategy was proposed to rationally realize the anisotropic and isotropic 2D photon transport in two co‐crystal polymorph microplates. The monoclinic microplate adopts a nearly horizontal transition dipole moment (TDM) orientation in 2D plane, exhibiting anisotropic photon–dipole interactions and thus distinct re‐absorption waveguide losses for different 2D directions. By contrast, the triclinic plate with a vertical TDM orientation, shows 2D isotropic photon–dipole interactions and thus the same re‐absorption losses along different directions. Based on this anisotropy, a directional signal outcoupler was designed for the directional transmission of the real signals.
Anisotropic photonics: Two‐dimensional (2D) anisotropic and isotropic photon transport was demonstrated in two self‐assembled co‐crystal polymorph microplates. These exhibit different 2D molecular transition dipole orientations and waveguide emissive behaviors, possibly enlightening the design and development of active planar photonic devices.
Highly ordered mesoporous crystalline MoSe2 is synthesized using mesoporous silica SBA‐15 as a hard template via a nanocasting strategy. Selenium powder and phosphomolybdic acid (H3PMo12O40) are used ...as Se and Mo sources, respectively. The obtained products have a highly ordered hexagonal mesostructure and a rod‐like particle morphology, analogous to the mother template SBA‐15. The UV‐vis‐NIR spectrum of the material shows a strong light absorption throughout the entire visible wavelength region. The direct bandgap is estimated to be 1.37 eV. The high surface area MoSe2 mesostructure shows remarkable photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B, a model organic dye, in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. In addition, the synthesized mesoporous MoSe2 possess a reversible lithium storage capacity of 630 mAh g−1 for at least 35 cycles without any notable decrease. The rate performance of mesoporous MoSe2 is much better than that of analogously synthesized mesoporous MoS2, making it a promising anode for the lithium ion battery.
Ordered mesoporous crystalline MoSe2 is synthesized using mesoporous silica as a hard template via a nanocasting strategy. It shows a strong light absorption throughout the entire visible wavelength region and has remarkable photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. The synthesized mesoporous MoSe2 has a reversible lithium storage capacity of 630 mAh g−1 and better rate performance than the analogously synthesized mesoporous MoS2.
The late Mesozoic granitoids widely distributed in the northwestern Jiaodong Terrane are important markers of cratonic destruction and lithospheric thinning of the eastern North China Craton (NCC). ...Here we investigate the Late Jurassic Linglong and Luanjiahe granites and report zircon U–Pb emplacement ages of 157–159Ma. These rocks also contain abundant late Archean, Paleoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic, early Paleozoic and Triassic inherited zircons, suggesting the involvement of continental crustal materials from both the NCC and Yangtze Craton in magma tectonics. The rocks investigated in this study show high Na2O+K2O and low MgO and are peraluminous, with enrichment in LREEs and LILEs (Rb, Ba, U, and Sr) and depletion in HFSEs (Nb, Ta, P, and Ti). They also display low εHf(t) values and high Sr/Y ratios, comparable to adakitic rocks, suggesting that the Linglong and Luanjiahe granitoids formed under relatively high pressure conditions and were likely derived from the partial melting of the thickened lower crust of the NCC. The Guojialing granodiorites were emplaced in the early Cretaceous (129Ma), and also contain abundant late Archean and Paleoproterozoic inherited zircons. The rocks possess high CaO, TFe2O3 and MgO, and are metaluminous, with enrichment in LREEs and LILEs and depletion in HFSEs. They are also characterized by high Sr/Y ratios, and have higher εNd(t) and εHf(t) values than the Late Jurassic granitoids, suggesting the involvement of mantle components in the magmatic source. We correlate the magma tectonics with the processes accompanying the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the NCC and the associated asthenospheric upwelling.
► Late Jurassic granites were derived from partial melting of thickened lower crust. ► Early Cretaceous granodiorites were triggered by subduction of the Pacific Plate. ► Zircon ages suggest the involvement of both NCC and Yangtze Craton in magma tectonics. ► They provide marker for cratonic destruction and lithospheric thinning of the NCC.
A woolball‐like nanocomposite of commercial carbon/sulfur microspheres with sulfur content over 81 wt% is successfully fabricated using a new one‐step spray drying approach. The designed polyporous ...electrodes with a sulfur loading of 2.5 mg cm−2 exhibit excellent Li storage performance. This facile and cost‐effective process of fabricating the carbon/sulfur nanocomposite shows great promise for large‐scale application in practical lithium–sulfur batteries.
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