El paradigma de "alto riesgo psicométrico" tiene como finalidad la detección, mediante la utilización de autoinformes y a partir de su perfil de puntuaciones, de aquellos participantes con una mayor ...vulnerabilidad teórica de transitar hacia un trastorno psicótico en el futuro. La detección temprana de este tipo de individuos de riesgo pasa por disponer de adecuados instrumentos de evaluación que nos permitan tomar decisiones sólidas y fundadas a partir de sus puntuaciones. El principal objetivo de este estudio fue presentar el proceso de construcción y validación de un autoinforme de reciente creación denominado ESQUIZO-Q: Cuestionario Oviedo para la Evaluación de la Esquizotipia. El análisis de la estructura interna arrojó una solución tridimensional: Distorsión de la Realidad, Anhedonia y Desorganización Interpersonal. Los niveles de consistencia interna para las subescalas del ESQUIZO-Q oscilaron entre 0,62 y 0,90. Ningún ítem presentó un funcionamiento diferencial en función del sexo de los participantes. Asimismo, las subescalas del ESQUIZO-Q correlacionaron de forma moderada con las escalas de otros autoinformes que valoraban depresión, problemas comportamentales y rasgos de los trastornos de la personalidad. El ESQUIZO-Q es un instrumento de medida breve, sencillo y con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, que puede ser utilizado como herramienta epidemiológica y como método de screening psicopatológico en población general adolescente. Futuras investigaciones deberían realizar estudios longitudinales con la finalidad de examinar la capacidad predictiva del ESQUIZO-Q.
Replication stress (RS) is a source of DNA damage that has been linked to cancer and aging, which is suppressed by the ATR kinase. In mice, reduced ATR levels in a model of the ATR-Seckel syndrome ...lead to RS and accelerated aging. Similarly, ATR-Seckel embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) accumulate RS and undergo cellular senescence. We previously showed that senescence of ATR-Seckel MEF cannot be rescued by p53-deletion. Here, we show that the genetic ablation of the INK4a/Arf locus fully rescues senescence on ATR mutant MEF, but also that induced by other conditions that generate RS such as low doses of hydroxyurea or ATR inhibitors. In addition, we show that a persistent exposure to RS leads to increased levels of INK4a/Arf products, revealing that INK4a/ARF behaves as a bona fide RS checkpoint. Our data reveal an unknown role for INK4a/ARF in limiting the expansion of cells suffering from persistent replication stress, linking this well-known tumor suppressor to the maintenance of genomic integrity.
El propósito de este trabajo es el de realizar un estudio sobre creencias epistemológicas que profesores del departamento de matemáticas de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira Colombia ...manifestaron sobre el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje del cálculo diferencial y principalmente del objeto matemático derivada en la asignatura Matemáticas I. Esta investigación pretende analizar creencias epistemológicas que profesores de matemáticas de esta universidad poseen frente al proceso epistemológico de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del cálculo diferencial. Se realizó un estudio de caso múltiple, mediante la ejecución de treinta y nueve entrevistas a igual número de docentes que han impartido la asignatura Matemáticas I, se diseñaron mapas semánticos para representar creencias epistemológicas de los mismos, en torno a su visión frente a la rama de las matemáticas denominada cálculo diferencial. Se encontró una concepción constructivista sobre la enseñanza del cálculo diferencial por parte de los docentes, enfatizando en los conceptos y enfocando la enseñanza hacia la matemática aplicada. Los profesores consideraron que los conceptos de límites y funciones debían preceder a la enseñanza de la derivada. El cálculo diferencial debe ser aprendido en tanto que servirá como fundamento de otros cursos de formación profesional, y algunos consideraron que esta rama de las matemáticas tiene aplicaciones en la vida laboral del futuro ingeniero.
Routine manual tracing of cardiac contours is time-consuming and subject to variability. A fully automated software tool may improve reading efficiency. This study was performed to assess the ...accuracy, reliability, and time-efficiency of a fully automated left ventricular (LV) segmentation software tool to calculate LV volumes and function compared with conventional manual contouring.
Sixty-seven consecutive patients (53 male, mean age 62.5±10.9 y) underwent adenosine stress/rest perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance examination to rule out myocardial ischemia. Double-oblique short-axis 6-mm slice thickness steady-state free precession cine images were acquired to assess LV ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and stroke volume (SV) using manual contour tracing and a recently developed fully automated software tool. The length of time needed to obtain LV volumes with each segmentation method was also compared.
Compared with manual contouring, the fully automated software tool minimally underestimated LV-EF (mean difference of 2.9%±3.9%) and SV (mean difference of 4.4±8.5 mL) and slightly overestimated ESV (mean difference of -6.4±10.8 mL) and LV mass (mean difference of -14±20.4 g). EDV quantification did not statistically differ. Reliability for EF (concordance correlation coefficient CCC=0.92, 95% confidence interval CI, 0.88-0.95), EDV (CCC=0.98, 95% CI, 0.97-0.99), ESV (CCC=0.96, 95% CI, 0.94-0.97), SV (CCC=0.93, 95% CI, 0.89-0.95), and LV mass (CCC=0.84, 95% CI, 0.76-0.89) was very good. The evaluated software allowed to quantify LV parameters with a 79% reduction in the time required for manual contouring (414.7±91 s vs. 85±16.1 s, respectively, P<0.001).
Quantification of LV volumes using the evaluated fully automated segmentation software is accurate and time-efficient.
Although several disease-modifying treatments are available for relapsing multiple sclerosis, treatment effects have been more modest in progressive multiple sclerosis and have been observed ...particularly in actively relapsing subgroups or those with lesion activity on imaging. We sought to assess whether natalizumab slows disease progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, independent of relapses.
ASCEND was a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (part 1) with an optional 2 year open-label extension (part 2). Enrolled patients aged 18–58 years were natalizumab-naive and had secondary progressive multiple sclerosis for 2 years or more, disability progression unrelated to relapses in the previous year, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores of 3·0–6·5. In part 1, patients from 163 sites in 17 countries were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 300 mg intravenous natalizumab or placebo every 4 weeks for 2 years. Patients were stratified by site and by EDSS score (3·0–5·5 vs 6·0–6·5). Patients completing part 1 could enrol in part 2, in which all patients received natalizumab every 4 weeks until the end of the study. Throughout both parts, patients and staff were masked to the treatment received in part 1. The primary outcome in part 1 was the proportion of patients with sustained disability progression, assessed by one or more of three measures: the EDSS, Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW), and 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT). The primary outcome in part 2 was the incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events. Efficacy and safety analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01416181.
Between Sept 13, 2011, and July 16, 2015, 889 patients were randomly assigned (n=440 to the natalizumab group, n=449 to the placebo group). In part 1, 195 (44%) of 439 natalizumab-treated patients and 214 (48%) of 448 placebo-treated patients had confirmed disability progression (odds ratio OR 0·86; 95% CI 0·66–1·13; p=0·287). No treatment effect was observed on the EDSS (OR 1·06, 95% CI 0·74–1·53; nominal p=0·753) or the T25FW (0·98, 0·74–1·30; nominal p=0·914) components of the primary outcome. However, natalizumab treatment reduced 9HPT progression (OR 0·56, 95% CI 0·40–0·80; nominal p=0·001). In part 1, 100 (22%) placebo-treated and 90 (20%) natalizumab-treated patients had serious adverse events. In part 2, 291 natalizumab-continuing patients and 274 natalizumab-naive patients received natalizumab (median follow-up 160 weeks range 108–221). Serious adverse events occurred in 39 (13%) patients continuing natalizumab and in 24 (9%) patients initiating natalizumab. Two deaths occurred in part 1, neither of which was considered related to study treatment. No progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy occurred.
Natalizumab treatment for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis did not reduce progression on the primary multicomponent disability endpoint in part 1, but it did reduce progression on its upper-limb component. Longer-term trials are needed to assess whether treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis might produce benefits on additional disability components.
Biogen.
Using the case of men in favour of equality, this article shows various attempts by males to construct new ways of being men. This is because an ever-increasing number of men oppose the categorical ...imperatives of traditional masculinity and the idea that being a man implies exercising power at any price.
Through an exhaustive review of the literature on the topic, it will be shown that there is no such thing as one single form of masculinity. This means that there is no universal masculine model valid for all places, periods, social classes, ages, races and sexual orientations, but rather a heterogeneous diversity of male identities and ways of being men in human societies. It will also be investigated how the viewpoints discovered have generated a whole series de expressions of opinion speaking of different positions and approaches when dealing with or facing up to this situation of inequality. These might be grouped into optimistic views of change and those adopting a more pessimistic or negative position.
Furthermore, it will be seen how men can support equality between the sexes, and an education in such gender equality is fundamental in combating gender violence. In brief, a study of masculinity re-opens questions of gender, identities and sexualities within a framework of critical awareness that aims to destabilize not merely the system, but also the world of academe.
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