Understanding the complexity of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) in atmospheric aerosols has remained an important goal for the atmospheric research community. This work employs a Parallel Factor Model ...(PARAFAC) with Alternating Least Squares (ALS) algorithm to decompose and further compare sets of excitation-emission matrices fluorescence spectra of Water-soluble and Alkaline-soluble Organic Matter (WSOM and ASOM, respectively), sequentially extracted from urban aerosols collected during different seasons. The PARAFAC-ALS modelling identified three components in both WSOM and ASOM, whose maximum intensities follow a clear seasonal trend and which are likely to represent the dominant fluorescent moieties in NOM from urban aerosols. The PARAFAC-ALS modelling also indicated differences between the colder and warmer seasons in the fluorescence map of one WSOM component, which contrast with the results obtained for the ASOM, where the fluorescence signatures were found to be constant along the seasons, suggesting that the ASOM may have an in situ origin.
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•EEM fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study organic aerosols.•Water and alkaline soluble components of organic aerosols have been compared.•The spectral intensity and their seasonal variability have been investigated.•PARAFAC was used to decompose EEM fluorescence spectra of organic aerosol fractions.•Possible sources of PARAFAC components from organic aerosols have been suggested.
Lichen symbioses are thought to be stabilized by the transfer of fixed carbon from a photosynthesizing symbiont to a fungus. In other fungal symbioses, carbohydrate subsidies correlate with ...reductions in plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, but whether this is true of lichen fungal symbionts (LFSs) is unknown. Here, we predict genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and sugar transporters in 46 genomes from the Lecanoromycetes, the largest extant clade of LFSs. All LFSs possess a robust CAZyme arsenal including enzymes acting on cellulose and hemicellulose, confirmed by experimental assays. However, the number of genes and predicted functions of CAZymes vary widely, with some fungal symbionts possessing arsenals on par with well-known saprotrophic fungi. These results suggest that stable fungal association with a phototroph does not in itself result in fungal CAZyme loss, and lends support to long-standing hypotheses that some lichens may augment fixed CO
with carbon from external sources.
Air quality degradation due to road traffic emissions is one of the topics of major interest for the scientific community and urban planners worldwide. Cabo Verde does not have regulations for ...traffic emission control or air quality guidelines, although the number of road vehicles has grown steadily over the past decade. Moreover, studies focusing on the impact of road transport on air quality in this archipelago are sparse. In this study, we present a first detailed air pollutant inventory of road traffic emissions through a bottom-up methodology, along with snapshots of the state of air quality on the islands of Santiago, São Vicente, and Sal. For the year 2017, emission estimates for the main island (Santiago) are 654 tons of CO, 35 tons of PM
10
, 562 tons of NO
x
, and 84 tons of NMVOCs. The air quality assessment was carried out using the TAPM model for a period of 6 months from January to July 2017. The results showed that the mean concentration values for Sao Vicente, Sal, and Santiago Islands ranged between 2.0 and 18 μg m
−3
for NO
2
and 3.8 and 5.6 μg m
−3
for PM
10
. NO
2
concentrations show an increasing trend from January to July in Santiago and Sal, and no clear trend in São Vicente Island. The simulated PM
10
concentrations showed values in the same range over the year, even though they appeared slightly higher in July than in January. It was observed that both NO
2
and PM
10
average concentrations have been consistently above healthful levels, according to air quality guidelines fixed by the WHO.
Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) coupled with a diode array detector (DAD) has been used for the first time to investigate chemical heterogeneity and map the hydrophobicity ...versus molecular weight distribution of the most hydrophobic acid fractions in water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) from fine atmospheric aerosols collected over different seasons at a urban location. The use of LC×LC-DAD, combining the use of two independent separation mechanisms (per aqueous liquid chromatography PALC versus size-exclusion chromatography SEC), has shown a great potential for unraveling and resolving the heterogeneity of WSOM, further providing a deeper insight into how size-distinguished aerosol WSOM fractions differ in hydrophobicity during different seasonal events. The combination of PALC×SEC-DAD data with an already proposed data treatment procedure revealed that the WSOM samples collected during warm seasons are enriched in aliphatic structures, while those collected during colder seasons exhibit a higher degree of structures with conjugation of π-bonds (e.g., aromatics) alongside aliphatic structures.
Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research
Two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy, applied to one-dimensional solid-state cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared ...coupled to attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), and the combination of CP-MAS 13C NMR and FTIR-ATR data, has been used to glean new structural information on the most hydrophobic water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) from fine urban air particles collected during different seasons. CP-MAS 13C NMR analysis confirmed that unsubstituted saturated aliphatics, aromatics, oxygenated aliphatics, and carboxylic acids accounted for most (84–92%) of the characterized carbon functional groups. Applying 2D correlation spectroscopy to CP-MAS 13C NMR and FTIR-ATR spectra indicates an increase in the contribution of hydroxyl and carboxylic groups to the aliphatic component with increasing air temperature, suggesting the photo-chemical origin of these WSOM structures. Urban samples from colder periods are clearly impacted by biomass combustion sources, although the presence of aged and processed organic aerosols cannot be ruled out. Using 2D FTIR-13C NMR hetero-spectral correlation spectroscopy, it has been demonstrated that the studied WSOM samples consists of at least two different classes of compounds: (i) an aliphatic component rich in both carboxylic and hydroxyl functional groups, and (ii) lignin-derived structures.
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•Two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy was used to study aerosol WSOM.•The analytical approach is based on data from 13C NMR and FTIR analysis.•Seasonal differences in urban WSOM composition have been described.•Urban WSOM samples consist of two major components that vary across the seasons.•Possible sources of identified WSOM components have been suggested.
Objetivo: Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a influência do Partner Phubbing (Pphubbing) noBem-Estar subjetivo (BES) e na satisfação com o relacionamento.
Método: Participaram 217 pessoas com ...média de idade de 25 anos (min. 18, máx. 53 e dp=5,98),sendo 62,2 % do sexo feminino. Estes responderam às escalas de Partner phubbing (Pphubbing), afetospositivos e negativos, satisfação com a vida, satisfação com o relacionamento e questionário sociodemográfico.Os dados foram analisados através do SPSS (v.22).
Resultados: Foi encontrado uma correlação negativa entre Pphubbing e afetos positivos (r= -0,32;p<0,01), satisfação com a vida (r= -0,13; p<0,01) e satisfação com o relacionamento (r= -0,38 p<0,01),como também apresentou uma correlação positiva entre Pphubbing e afetos negativos (r=0,33; p<0,01).Através da regressão, o Pphubbing mostrou influência na satisfação com o relacionamento (β= -0,38;p<0,001), afetos positivos (β= -0,32; p<0,001) e afetos negativos (β=0,33; p<0,001).
Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que os participantes que sofrem mais phubbing de seus parceirostendem a ter menos satisfação com o relacionamento, assim como menos Bem-Estar Subjetivo. Assim,este é um artigo com resultados inéditos para o Brasil e um dos poucos no mundo a avaliar quantitativamenteo phubbing nos relacionamentos amorosos. Desta forma, contribui para o fomento de futuraspesquisas na área e para o embasamento de intervenções e ações de conscientização acerca do usosaudável do Smartphone.
Objetivo. Identificar cómo la relación entre el Terreiro de Candomblé y la escuela se viene tratando en la literatura científica, prioritariamente por la Psicología del Desarrollo. Método. Los ...artículos fueron recopilados en bases de datos nacionales (Brasil) e internacionales, y registrados en la matriz PRISMA. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, fueron seleccionados 23 artículos, lo que permitió el análisis vertical y horizontal de categorías como temas, área de publicación, metodologías, entre otros. Resultados. Hay interés creciente sobre el tema, prioritariamente, en Educación y Ciencias Sociales. Conclusión. Se discute sobre la discriminación, los prejuicios y la violencia sufridos por adeptos de las religiones afrobrasileñas. Se ha identificado un vacío sobre el tema en revistas de psicología y sobre el desarrollo de procesos subjetivos en la experiencia en la frontera terreiro y escuela.
Objetivo. Adaptar a COVID Stress Scales (CSS), reunindo evidências psicométricas, e verificar o padrão de relação com ansiedade frente a COVID-19. Método. Foram realizados dois estudos com ...participantes de diferentes estados brasileiros. No primeiro (n = 423) a análise fatorial exploratória sugeriu uma estrutura pentafatorial. No segundo (n = 300) executou-se uma análise fatorial confirmatória testando modelo pentafatorial. Resultado. Reuniram-se evidências de validade convergente e discriminante. A correlação de Pearson (r) que evidenciou relações positivas e estatisticamente significativas entre ansiedade e o estresse frente a COVID, indicando validade baseada em medida externa. Ademais, constatou-se consistência interna satisfatória em ambos os estudos. Conclui-se que o CSS é válida e fidedigna, podendo auxiliar na avaliação de indivíduos com estresse ocasionado pela pandemia da COVID e seus correlatos.
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