When liquids are confined into a nanometer-scale slit, the induced layering-like film structure allows the liquid to sustain non-isotropic stresses and thus be load-bearing. Such anisotropic ...characteristics of liquid under confinement arise naturally from the liquids’ wavenumber dependent compressibility, which does not need solidification to take place as a prerequisite. In other words, liquids under confinement can still retain fluidity with molecules being (sub-)diffusive. However, the extensively prolonged structural relaxation times can cause hysteresis of stress relaxation of confined molecules in response to the motions of confining walls and thereby rendering the quasi-static stress tensors history-dependent. In this work, by means of molecular dynamics, stress tensors of a highly confined key base-oil component, i.e., 1-decene trimer, are calculated after its relaxation from being compressed and decompressed. A maximum of 77.1 MPa normal stress discrepancy has been detected within a triple-layer boundary film. Analyses with respect to molecular morphology indicate that among the effects (e.g., confinement, molecular structure, and film density) that can potentially affect confined stresses, the ordering status of the confined molecules plays a predominant role.
Mesoporous molecular sieves silica materials had been functionalized employing 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as the surface decoration agent by a post-synthesis method and Eu and Ti with different ...loading ratio were synchronously anchored on amino-functionalized silica framework by incipient wetness impregnation method, respectively. The structures of the synthesized samples were evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectra, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and solid-state
29
Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The results revealed that the highly ordered mesoporous two dimensional hexagonal structure and the mesoporous channel structure were well preserved and isolated tetrahedral surface Eu3+ and isolated TiO4 or HOTiO3 species were found to be grafted and highly dispersed in the amino-functionalized mesoporous framework. A significant enhancement in selectivity and conversion for the photocatalytic epoxidation of styrene has been achieved by synergistic effect based on surface ligand effect and electron density effect between Eu
3+
and Ti
4+
species on amino-functionalized mesoporous silica framework. The factors associated with the conversion of styrene and selectivity to styrene oxide such as the solvent, metal loading, the amount of NaOH, H
2
O
2
/Styrene, the amount of catalyst and reaction time were also investigated in details. The desired selectivity (84%) to styrene oxide and excellent conversion (32%) of styrene for the photocatalytic epoxidation of styrene with turnover frequency of 3.1 × 10
−4
s
−1
were obtained using aqueous H2O2 as an oxidant in the presence of acetonitrile solvent under ambient temperature.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of astaxanthin and its possible mechanisms on acute cerebral infarction (ACI) in rat model. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham ...group, model group, and astaxanthin-treated groups (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg). Neurological examination, the ratio of cerebral edema, and histopathology changes were assessed. Moreover, some oxidative stress markers were obtained for biochemical analysis, and the expression of neurotrophic factors gene was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The results showed that treatment with astaxanthin notably reduced neurological deficit scores and the ratio of cerebral edema compared with the model group. Meanwhile, astaxanthin increased the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathioneperoxidase as well as decreased the content of malondialdehyde in brain tissue. RT-PCR results showed that the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA were increased with astaxanthin treatment. The results indicated that astaxanthin could ameliorate ACI followed by suppressing oxidative stress and upregulating the expression of BDNF and NGF mRNA.
Abstract
We measure the galaxy-ellipticity (GI) correlations for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12 LOWZ and CMASS samples with the shape measurements from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys. ...We model the GI correlations in an
N
-body simulation with our recent accurate stellar–halo mass relation from the Photometric object Around Cosmic webs (PAC) method. The large data set and our accurate modeling turns out an accurate measurement of the alignment angle between central galaxies and their host halos. We find that the alignment of central
elliptical
galaxies with their host halos increases monotonically with galaxy stellar mass or host halo mass, which can be well described by a power law for the massive galaxies. We also find that central elliptical galaxies are more aligned with their host halos in LOWZ than in CMASS, which might indicate an evolution of galaxy–halo alignment, though future studies are needed to verify this is not induced by the sample selections. In contrast, central
disk
galaxies are aligned with their host halos about 10 times more weakly in the GI correlation. These results have important implications for intrinsic alignment (IA) correction in weak lensing studies, IA cosmology, and theory of massive galaxy formation.
Kidney intercalated cells are involved in acid-base homeostasis via vacuolar ATPase expression. Here we report six human intercalated cell subtypes, including hybrid principal-intercalated cells ...identified from single cell transcriptomics. Phagosome maturation is a biological process that increases in biological pathway analysis rank following exposure to uropathogenic Escherichia coli in two of the intercalated cell subtypes. Real time confocal microscopy visualization of murine renal tubules perfused with green fluorescent protein expressing Escherichia coli or pHrodo Green E. coli BioParticles demonstrates that intercalated cells actively phagocytose bacteria then acidify phagolysosomes. Additionally, intercalated cells have increased vacuolar ATPase expression following in vivo experimental UTI. Taken together, intercalated cells exhibit a transcriptional response conducive to the kidney's defense, engulf bacteria and acidify the internalized bacteria. Intercalated cells represent an epithelial cell with characteristics of professional phagocytes like macrophages.
•Nanoparticle-assembled SnO2-decorated NiO nanostructure was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal route.•The gas sensor based on SnO2-decorated NiO nanostructure exhibited ultrasensitive and ...anti-humidity sensing properties, giving a response of 11.1–10ppm toluene at 90%RH.•Ppb-level detection limit with a response of 1.2–10ppb toluene indicated the potential application on the trace toluene detection.
In this work, an ultrasensitive and low detection limit of toluene gas sensor based on SnO2-decorated NiO nanostructure synthesized via a simple hydrothermal route was described. The test results demonstrated that the sensor based on SnO2-decorated NiO nanostructure showed excellent sensitivity and selectivity toward toluene, giving a high response of 66.2–100ppm, which was 50 times higher than that of the pure NiO nanospheres (1.3–100ppm). Additionally, the sensor had surpassingly low detection limit (ppb-level), showing a response of 1.2–10ppb toluene. Besides, the sensor also exhibited anti-humidity properties in some way, giving an acceptable response (11.1–10ppm) to toluene at 90% relative humidity. The ultrasensitive characteristics and low detection limit could be explained from the variation of the carrier concentration caused by the change of the thickness of near-surface hole accumulation layer between p-type NiO and n-type SnO2. Furthermore, the increase of oxygen adsorption also improved the sensing performance.
The star-forming emission line galaxies (ELGs) with a strong O ii doublet are one of the main spectroscopic targets for the ongoing and upcoming fourth-generation galaxy redshift surveys. In this ...work, we measure the O ii luminosity LO II and the absolute magnitude in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) band MNUV for a large sample of galaxies in the redshift range 0.6 ≤ z < 1.45 from the Public Data Release 2 (PDR-2) of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). We aim to construct the intrinsic relationship between LO II and MNUV through Bayesian analysis. In particular, we develop two different methods to properly correct for the incompleteness effect and observational errors in the O ii emission line measurement. Our results indicate that the conditional distribution of LO II at a given MNUV can be well described by a universal probability distribution function (PDF), which is independent of MNUV and redshift. Convolving the LO II conditional PDF with the NUV luminosity function (LF) available in the literature, we make a prediction for O ii LFs at z < 3. The predicted O ii LFs are in good agreement with the observational results from the literature. Finally, we utilize the predicted O ii LFs to estimate the number counts of O ii emitters for the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph survey. This universal conditional PDF of LO II provides a novel way to optimize the source targeting strategy for O ii emitters in future galaxy redshift surveys, and to model O ii emitters in theories of galaxy formation.
The RNA-binding protein QKI belongs to the hnRNP K-homology domain protein family, a well-known regulator of pre-mRNA alternative splicing and is associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. ...Qki is found highly expressed in developing and adult hearts. By employing the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) to cardiomyocyte differentiation system and generating QKI-deficient hESCs (hESCs-QKI
) using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, we analyze the physiological role of QKI in cardiomyocyte differentiation, maturation, and contractile function. hESCs-QKI
largely maintain normal pluripotency and normal differentiation potential for the generation of early cardiogenic progenitors, but they fail to transition into functional cardiomyocytes. In this work, by using a series of transcriptomic, cell and biochemical analyses, and the Qki-deficient mouse model, we demonstrate that QKI is indispensable to cardiac sarcomerogenesis and cardiac function through its regulation of alternative splicing in genes involved in Z-disc formation and contractile physiology, suggesting that QKI is associated with the pathogenesis of certain forms of cardiomyopathies.
Sepsis is a dynamic state that progresses at variable rates and has life-threatening consequences. Staging patients along the sepsis timeline requires a thorough knowledge of the evolution of ...cellular and molecular events at the tissue level. Here, we investigated the kidney, an organ central to the pathophysiology of sepsis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing in a murine endotoxemia model revealed the involvement of various cell populations to be temporally organized and highly orchestrated. Endothelial and stromal cells were the first responders. At later time points, epithelial cells upregulated immune-related pathways while concomitantly downregulating physiological functions such as solute homeostasis. Sixteen hours after endotoxin, there was global cell-cell communication failure and organ shutdown. Despite this apparent organ paralysis, upstream regulatory analysis showed significant activity in pathways involved in healing and recovery. This rigorous spatial and temporal definition of murine endotoxemia will uncover precise biomarkers and targets that can help stage and treat human sepsis.
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) can contribute to gastric cancer (GC) progression and recurrence following therapy. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) are associated with poor outcomes in ...a variety of cancers. However, it is not clear whether TANs interact with the EMT process during GC development.
Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the distribution and levels of CD66 + neutrophils in samples from 327 patients with GC. CD66b + TANs were isolated either directly from GC cell suspensions or were conditioned from healthy donor peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) stimulated with tumor tissue culture supernatants (TTCS) and placed into co-culture with MKN45 or MKN74 cells, after which migration, invasion and EMT were measured. Interleukin-17a (IL-17a) was blocked with a polyclonal antibody, and the STAT3 pathway was blocked with the specific inhibitor AG490.
Neutrophils were widely distributed in gastric tissues of patients with GC and were enriched predominantly at the invasion margin. Neutrophil levels at the invasion margin were an independent predictor of poor disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). IL-17a + neutrophils constituted a large portion of IL-17a-producing cells in GC, and IL-17a was produced at the highest levels in co-culture compared with that in TANs not undergoing co-culture. TANs enhanced the migration, invasion and EMT of GC cells through the secretion of IL-17a, which activated the Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK2/STAT3) pathway in GC cells, while deprivation of IL-17a using a neutralizing antibody or inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway with AG490 markedly reversed these TAN-induced phenotypes in GC cells induced by TANs.
Neutrophils correlate with tumor stage and predict poor prognosis in GC. TANs produce IL-17a, which promotes EMT of GC cells through JAK2/STAT3 signalling. Blockade of IL-17a signalling with a neutralizing antibody inhibits TAN-stimulated activity in GC cells. Therefore, IL-17a-targeted therapy might be used to treat patients with GC.
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