The "weekend effect" has been associated with worse clinical outcomes. Our aim was to compare off-hours vs. regular-hours peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in ...cardiogenic shock patients.
We analyzed in-hospital and 90-day mortality among 147 consecutive patients treated with percutaneous VA-ECMO for medical reasons between July 1, 2013, and September 30, 2022, during regular-hours (weekdays 8:00 a.m.-10:00 p.m.) and off-hours (weekdays 10:01 p.m.-7:59 a.m., weekends, and holidays).
The median patient age was 56 years (interquartile range IQR 49-64 years) and 112 (72.6%) were men. The median lactate level was 9.6 mmol/L (IQR 6.2-14.8 mmol/L) and 136 patients (92.5%) had a Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) stage D or E. Cannulation was performed off-hours in 67 patients (45.6%). In-hospital mortality was similar in off-hours and regular hours (55.2% vs. 56.3%,
= 0.901), as was the 90-day mortality (58.2% vs. 57.5%,
= 0.963), length of hospital stay (31 days IQR 16-65.8 days vs. 32 days IQR 18-63 days,
= 0.979), and VA-ECMO related complications (77.6% vs. 70.0%,
= 0.305).
Off-hours and regular-hours percutaneous VA-ECMO implantation in cardiogenic shock of medical cause have similar results. Our results support well-designed 24/7 VA-ECMO implantation programs for cardiogenic shock patients.
To the Editor, Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a therapeutic alternative that has proven safe and effective across different clinical settings. Over the last few years, more and ...more cases of «emergency TAVI» have been reported.1-2 Currently, this term is often used for those implantation procedures performed during admission due to decompensated heart failure although this concept includes very different situations. The therapeutic option to treat cardiogenic shock should be «emergency TAVI», that is, implantation performed within the first 72 hours after admission.3 This is the case of a patient with severe aortic stenosis who was transferred to our center with signs of cardiogenic shock. This is the case of a 67-year-old man. The patient was a former smoker and a regular drinker. Initially, he had been admitted to a different center with early signs of heart failure. Arterial pressure at admission was 120/90 mmHg with global congestion and need for low-flow oxygen therapy. Diuretic treatment was started, and the echocardiogram revealed the presence of severe aortic stenosis with left systolic dysfunction. The patient had signs of liver (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin levels of 1244 u/L, 1808 u/L, and 2 mg/dL, respectively, and normalized international ratio of 2), and...
Important breakthroughs have considerably improved the outcomes of the percutaneous treatment of valvular heart diseases during the last decades. However, calcium deposition and progressive ...calcification of the left-sided heart valves present a challenge with prognostic implications that have not been addressed until recently. In the case of native mitral stenosis with no surgical options, a compelling need for tackling heavily calcified valves has led to the development of novel debulking techniques and to the use of aortic balloon-expandable bioprosthesis in the mitral position. In this section of the special issue “Mitral Valve Disease: State of the Art”, we will review standard approaches and indications for the treatment of native mitral stenosis; summarize these two innovative solutions and their evidence, describing both procedures in a “step-by-step” fashion; and briefly comment on future directions in this field.
Background: Previous studies suggest variability in the management of cardiogenic shock (CS). Methods: An anonymous survey was sent to Spanish hospitals. Results: We obtained 50 answers, mainly from ...cardiologists (36–72%). The annual average of ECMOs is 16.7 ± 11.3 applications in CS patients and of Impellas is 8.7 ± 8.3 applications in CS patients. Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation is used in the majority of CS ECMOs (31–62%), and Impella is used in 7 (14%). In 36 (72%) cases, ECMO is used as a treatment for cardiac arrest. In 10 cases, ECMO removal is percutaneous (20%). In 25 (50%) cases, age is a relative contraindication; 17 have a mobile ECMO team (34%); and 23 (46%) have received ECMO patients from other centers in the last year. Pre-purged ECMO is only used in 16 (32%). ECMO implantation is carried out under ultrasound guidance in 31 (62%), only with angiography in 3 (6%) and with both in 11 (22%). The Swan–Ganz catheter is used routinely in 8 (16%), only in doubtful cases in 24 (48%), and in most cases in 8 (16%). The ECMO awake strategy is used little or not at all in 28 (56%), in selected cases in 17 (34%), and routinely in 5 (10%). Conclusion: Our study shows a huge variation in the management of patients with CS.
To the Editor, The use of circulatory support has grown exponentially over the last decade, particularly for the management of cardiogenic shock in the setting of acute myocardial infarction.1,2 The ...devices more often used like the Impella CP (Abiomed, United States) show good results in observational studies. These studies describe an improved survival rate when these devices are used as part of a well-defined program to treat cardiogenic shock.3-5 However, this is not a risk-free therapy, and device displacement is a complication that can occur while the patient is being moved or transferred. Although rare, this complication can be deadly if not solved immediately because there is a loss of hemodynamic support. In these cases, the device needs to be retrieved due to the impossibility of crossing the aortic valve to proceed with a new implant.
Lactate and its evolution are associated with the prognosis of patients in shock, although there is little evidence in those assisted with an extracorporeal venoarterial oxygenation membrane ...(VA-ECMO). Our objective was to evaluate its prognostic value in cardiogenic shock assisted with VA-ECMO.
Study of patients with cardiogenic shock treated with VA-ECMO for medical indication between July 2013 and April 2021. Lactate clearance was calculated: (initial lactate − 6 h lactate) / initial lactate × exact time between both determinations.
From 121 patients, 44 had acute myocardial infarction (36.4%), 42 implant during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (34.7%), 14 pulmonary embolism (11.6%), 14 arrhythmic storm (11.6%), and 6 fulminant myocarditis (5.0%). After 30 days, 60 patients (49.6%) died, mortality was higher for implant during cardiopulmonary resuscitation than for implant in spontaneous circulation (30 of 42 71.4% vs 30 of 79 38.0%, P=.030). Preimplantation GPT and lactate (both baseline, at 6hours, and clearance) were independently associated with 30-day mortality. The regression models that included lactate clearance had a better predictive capacity for survival than the ENCOURAGE and ECMO-ACCEPTS scores, with the area under the ROC curve being greater in the model with lactate at 6 h.
Lactate (at baseline, 6h, and clearance) is an independent predictor of prognosis in patients in cardiogenic shock supported by VA-ECMO, allowing better risk stratification and predictive capacity.
El lactato y su evolución se asocian con el pronóstico de los pacientes en shock, si bien es escasa la evidencia en aquellos asistidos con oxigenador extracorpóreo de membrana venoarterial (ECMO-VA). Nuestro objetivo es evaluar su valor pronóstico en shock cardiogénico asistido con ECMO-VA.
Estudio de pacientes tratados con ECMO-VA por shock cardiogénico de indicación médica entre julio de 2013 y abril de 2021. Se calculó el aclaramiento de lactato: (lactato inicial − lactato 6 h) / lactato inicial × tiempo exacto entre ambas determinaciones.
De 121 pacientes, 44 (36,4%) tenían infarto agudo de miocardio; 42 (34,7%), implante intraparada; 14 (11,6%), tromboembolia pulmonar, 14 (11,6%), tormenta arrítmica y 6 (5,0%), miocarditis fulminante. A los 30 días habían fallecido 60 pacientes (49,6%); la mortalidad fue mayor con el implante intraparada que con el implante en circulación espontánea (30 71,4% de 42 frente a 30 38,0% de 79; p=0,030). Se asociaron de manera independiente con la mortalidad a 30 días la alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) antes del implante y el lactato (tanto basal como a las 6 h y el aclaramiento). Los modelos de regresión que incluían el lactato presentaron mejor capacidad predictiva de la supervivencia que las puntuaciones ENCOURAGE y ECMO-ACCEPTS, con mayor área bajo la curva ROC en el modelo con lactato a las 6 h.
El lactato (basal y a las 6 h y el aclaramiento) es un predictor independiente para el pronóstico de los pacientes en shock cardiogénico asistidos con ECMO-VA que facilita una mejor estratificación del riesgo y tiene una capacidad predictiva superior.
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