Although mental health promotion is a priority mental health action area for all European countries, high level training resources and high quality skills acquisition in mental health promotion are ...still relatively rare. The aim of the current paper is to present the results of the DG SANCO-funded PROMISE project concerning the development of European guidelines for training social and health care professionals in mental health promotion.
The PROMISE project brought together a multidisciplinary scientific committee from eight European sites representing a variety of institutions including universities, mental health service providers and public health organisations. The committee used thematic content analysis to filter and analyse European and international policy documents, scientific literature reviews on mental health promotion and existing mental health promotion programmes with regard to identifying quality criteria for training care professionals on this subject. The resulting PROMISE Guidelines quality criteria were then subjected to an iterative feedback procedure with local steering groups and training professionals at all sites with the aim of developing resource kits and evaluation tools for using the PROMISE Guidelines. Scientific committees also collected information from European, national and local stakeholder groups and professional organisations on existing training programmes, policies and projects.
The process identified ten quality criteria for training care professionals in mental health promotion: embracing the principle of positive mental health; empowering community stakeholders; adopting an interdisciplinary and intersectoral approach; including people with mental health problems; advocating; consulting the knowledge base; adapting interventions to local contexts; identifying and evaluating risks; using the media; evaluating training, implementation processes and outcomes. The iterative feedback process produced resource kits and evaluation checklists linked with each of these quality criteria in all PROMISE languages.
The development of generic guidelines based on key quality criteria for training health and social care professionals in mental health promotion should contribute in a significant way to implementing policy in this important area.
The method of Rapid Assessment of Needs and Services is presented in the article as the basic method for researching the needs of different groups of people and as ground for the development of ...responses (services) in communities. It is one of the basic research methods used in a holistic and hermeneutic approach to the development of social work theory and practice. The method is a combination of qualitative research methods, techniques and approaches mainly including grounded theory, ethnography and action research, which, depending on the research aims, is further complemented with a set of methods from quantitative research methodology. The decision about the choice of research methods and procedures combined within the Rapid Assessment of Needs and Services method depends on each individual research situation and the aims and objectives of the concrete research project. Depending on the aim and objectives of the Rapid Assessment of Needs and Services, one of the methods can be prevalent or all methods can be represented in an equal share or in combination with other social scientific research methods, both qualitative and quantitative, which is presented in this article with the examples of three studies on long-term care in Slovenia.
With the growing number of older population, our society raises the need to organise various forms of care. In contemporary society, this is considered to be a long-term care system. Since Slovenia ...does not yet have a longterm care system based on long-term care legislation, while the demographic trends show a great need for it, it is essential to investigate the needs of older people and the possible responses to their needs. By using the method of rapid assessment of needs and services in the Municipality of Straža, we have identified the nature and extent of long-term distress, and sought effective responses to the needs of older people following the modern guidelines of care and substitutions for institutional care. We have found that the population of the municipality is old, the young population is moving away, and the middle generation commutes daily to work outside the municipality. There is no one available to take care of the older population and this trend will continue in the future. The solutions may be found in the organisation of community assistance within the municipality and in regional integration. When planning new services, however, the trend of lowering the quality of well-being of older people, overcoming the prevailing taboos about the phenomena of old age and strengthening the autonomy and power of older people, their social network and introducing modern information and communication technology should be taken into account in the context of social policy.
With the growing number of older population, our society raises the need to organise various forms of care. In contemporary society, this is considered to be a long-term care system. Since Slovenia ...does not yet have a long-term care system based on long-term care legislation, while the demographic trends show a great need for it, it is essential to investigate the needs of older people and the possible responses to their needs. By using the method of rapid assessment of needs and services in the Municipality of Straza, we have identified the nature and extent of long-term distress, and sought effective responses to the needs of older people following the modern guidelines of care and substitutions for institutional care. We have found that the population of the municipality is old, the young population is moving away, and the middle generation commutes daily to work outside the municipality. There is no one available to take care of the older population and this trend will continue in the future. The solutions may be found in the organisation of community assistance within the municipality and in regional integration. When planning new services, however, the trend of lowering the quality of well-being of older people, overcoming the prevailing taboos about the phenomena of old age and strengthening the autonomy and power of older people, their social network and introducing modern information and communication technology should be taken into account in the context of social policy. Key words: older people, welfare, institutions, innovations, long-term care. Uz porast starijeg stanovnistva, u nasem drustvu raste potreba za organiziranjem razlicitih oblika skrbi. U modernom drustvu smatra se da je to dugoro cni sustav skrbi. Kako Slovenija jos uvijek nema dugorocni sustav skrbi utemeljen na dugorocnom zakonodavstvu o skrbi, iako demografski trendovi pokazuju da za to postoji velika potreba, nuzno je istraziti potrebe starijih osoba i moguce zadovoljavanje njihovih potreba. Koristeci metodu brze procjene potreba i usluga u opcini Straza, identificirali smo prirodu i opseg dugorocnih potreba i iznasli ucinkovita rjesenja za potrebe starijih osoba slijedeci moderne smjernice u skrbi i zamjenu za institucijsku skrb. Ustanovili smo da je stanovnistvo opcine staro, da se mlade stanovnistvo iseljava, a sredovjecna generacija svakodnevno putuje na posao izvan opcine. Nema nikoga tko bi mogao skrbiti o starijima, a taj ce se trend nastaviti i u buducnosti. Rjesenja se mogu pronaci u organizaciji pomoci unutar opcinske zajednice i u regionalnoj integraciji. Ipak, u kontekstu socijalne politike pri planiranju novih usluga treba uzeti u obzir trend smanjivanja kvalitete zivota starijih osoba, nadilazenje rasprostranjenih tabua o fenomenu starosti i smanjivanju autonomije i moci starijih osoba, njihovu drustvenu umrezenost i uvodenje moderne informacijske i komunikacijske tehnologije. Kljucne rijeci: starije osobe, socijalna skrb, institucije, inovacije, dugorocna skrb.
Ovaj rad predstavlja iskustvo istraživanja potreba starijih osoba na način koji uključuje njihovu perspektivu tijekom procesa istraživanja, kao i u planiranju odgovora na njihove svakodnevne potrebe. ...Rezultati predočeni u radu dio su šireg istraživanja s ciljem otkrivanja potreba starijih osoba u gradu Ljubljani kao temelj planiranja strategije i odgovora na potrebe starijih osoba u gradu. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na važnost istraživanja potreba na način koji omogućuje da se potrebe usade u svakodnevni kontekst. Kako bi se razumjele potrebe starijih osoba, sljedećih pet područja proučavalo se u dubinskim intervjuima: položaj starijih osoba u društvu, njihov društveni i zdravstveni kontekst, vrste rizika s kojima su suočeni kao osobe starije dobi i procjena postojećih usluga za starije osobe. U istraživanju potreba slijedila se polazna pretpostavka da su potrebe socijalno konstruirani pojam, pa je stoga njihovo izražavanje i rasprava o njima prvi korak prema tome da se starije osobe čuju, da sudjeluju u planiranju usluga i da oni koji ih planiraju steknu uvid u iskustva starijih osoba, da se približe svjetovima svojih korisnika i njihovim neposrednim iskustvima. Rezultati pokazuju da su starije osobe navele najviše vrsta potreba u razgovoru o njihovoj dnevnoj rutini i nužnim dnevnim poslovima, a najviše zabrinutosti pokazali su u pogledu promjena u budućnosti, a najviše ih brinu uvjeti nužni za održavanje neovisnog života. Želja je starijih osoba da budu u stanju održati neovisan život u zajednici i da zadrže mogućnost kombinirati usluge skrbi.
Raziskovanje samomora je občutljivo z etičnega in metodološkega vidika, saj je poskus samomora del osebnezgodovine, kijo posameznik redko javno razkriva. O samomoru se danes piše in raziskuje ...predvsem kot o problemujavnegazdravja, manjse problem raziskuje kot vprašanje osebne izkušnje posamezne osebe in kot problem ustreznosti strokovnega odziva in oblik pomoči, ki so danes na voljo ljudem po preživetju. Raziskava, v kateri so sodelovali ljudje, ki so preživeli poskus samomora, in strokovnjaki, ki delajo z njimi, je ugotovila, da v današnji družbi poteka proces individualizacije stiske in trpljenja. Poglablja se vrzel med potrebami, ki jih preživeli občutijo, in pomočjo, ki jo prejmejo. V Sloveniji se pomoč po poskusu samomora izvaja predvsem v psihiatričnih bolnišnicah, s poudarkom na medikamentoznem obvladovanju simptomov duševnih težav. Preživeli so po poskusu samomora le redko naleteli na pomoč socialnih delavcev in delavk te pomoči tudi niso iskali, saj je niso prepoznali kot možne ali relevantne. Čeprav bi socialno delo z znanjem, metodami in pristopi lahko pripomoglo k reševanju duševnih stisk ki so posledica kompleksnih problemov v vsakdanjem življenju ljudi, je ta vidik pomoči na ravni sistema povsem spregledan. Sodelujoči v raziskavi si v trenutkih duševnih krizželijo preprosto dostopnih intervencij vskupnosti, strokovne pomoči, ki bi odgovorila na dejanske in specifične potrebe, več podpore in pomoči v okolju, kjer živijo. Preventivno delo na področju samomora bi se moralo osredotočati tudi na prizadevanje za družbeno pravičnost.
The article presents the experience of researching the needs of older people in a way that includes their perspective during the research process as well as in the planning of responses to their ...everyday needs. To understand the context of older people's needs, the following five areas were explored in in-depth interviews: position of older people in society, their social and health context, types of risks they face as people in old age, and the assessment of existing services for older people. The results demonstrate that older people expressed most varieties of needs when talking about daily routines and the necessary chores of the day while the greatest worries were conveyed about changes in the future, mostly related to conditions that maintain an independent life. The wish of older people is to be able to keep their independent life in the community and maintain the possibility to combine a mix of help. Adapted from the source document.
The article presents the experience of researching the needs of older people in a way that includes their perspective during the research process as well as in the planning of responses to their ...everyday needs. The findings presented in the paper are part of a larger research study that aimed to discover the needs of older people in the Municipality of Ljubljana as the basis for planning a strategy and responses to the needs of older people in the city. The research findings point out the significance of researching needs in a way that enables needs to be embedded into an everyday context. To understand the context of older people's needs, the following five areas were explored in in-depth interviews: position of older people in society, their social and health context, types of risks they face as people in old age, and the assessment of existing services for older people. In researching the needs, the premise that needs are a socially constructed concept was followed, thus expressing them and discussing them would be the first step to older people getting heard, to having a voice in planning services and for the planners to gain the knowledge from older people's experiences, to come closer to users ' worlds and their immediate experiences. The results demonstrate that older people expressed most varieties of needs when talking about daily routines and the necessary chores of the day, while the greatest worries were conveyed about changes in the future, mostly related to conditions that maintain an independent life. The wish of older people is to be able to keep their independent life in the community and maintain the possibility to combine a mix of help. Key words: needs, research, social work, strength perspective, everyday life. Ovaj rad predstavlja iskustvo istrazivanja potreba starijih osoba na nacin koji ukljucuje njihovu perspektivu tijekom procesa istrazivanja, kao i u planiranju odgovora na njihove svakodnevne potrebe. Rezultati predoceni u radu dio su sireg istrazivanja s ciljem otkrivanja potreba starijih osoba u gradu Ljubljani kao temelj planiranja strategije i odgovora na potrebe starijih osoba u gradu. Rezultati istrazivanja ukazuju na vaznost istrazivanja potreba na nacin koji omogucuje da se potrebe usade u svakodnevni kontekst. Kako bi se razumjele potrebe starijih osoba, sljedecih pet podrucja proucavalo se u dubinskim intervjuima: polozaj starijih osoba u drustvu, njihov drustveni i zdravstveni kontekst, vrste rizika s kojima su suoceni kao osobe starije dobi i procjena postojecih usluga za starije osobe. U istrazivanju potreba slijedila se polazna pretpostavka da su potrebe socijalno konstruirani pojam, pa je stoga njihovo izrazavanje i rasprava o njima prvi korak prema tome da se starije osobe cuju, da sudjeluju u planiranju usluga i da oni koji ih planiraju steknu uvid u iskustva starijih osoba, da se priblize svjetovima svojih korisnika i njihovim neposrednim iskustvima. Rezultati pokazuju da su starije osobe navele najvise vrsta potreba u razgovoru o njihovoj dnevnoj rutini i nuznim dnevnim poslovima, a najvise zabrinutosti pokazali su u pogledu promjena u buducnosti, a najvise ih brinu uvjeti nuzni za odrzavanje neovisnog zivota. Zelja je starijih osoba da budu u stanju odrzati neovisan zivot u zajednici i da zadrze mogucnost kombinirati usluge skrbi. Kljucne rijeci: istrazivanje, perspektiva snage, potrebe, svakodnevni zivot.
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