•Approaches of various bio-based flocculation methods are comprehensively summarized.•Possible underlying mechanisms of bio-based flocculation are discussed.•Prospect of genetic engineering of ...microalgae for self-flocculation is proposed.
Microalgae have been extensively studied for the production of various valuable products. Application of microalgae for the production of renewable energy has also received increasing attention in recent years. However, high cost of microalgal biomass harvesting is one of the bottlenecks for commercialization of microalgae-based industrial processes. Considering harvesting efficiency, operation economics and technological feasibility, flocculation is a superior method to harvest microalgae from mass culture. In this article, the latest progress of various microalgal cell harvesting methods via flocculation is reviewed with the emphasis on the current progress and prospect in environmentally friendly bio-based flocculation. Harvesting microalgae through bio-based flocculation is a promising component of the low-cost microalgal biomass production technology.
Previous studies implied that dietary isoflavone intake may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer, but some have shown ambiguous results. This study aimed to systematically evaluate and ...summarize available evidence on the effect dietary isoflavone intake has on the risk of developing breast cancer.
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for prospective cohort studies published through April 2017 that evaluated the effect of dietary isoflavone intake on the development of breast cancer.
Sixteen prospective cohort studies, involving 11,169 breast cancer cases and 648,913 participants, were identified and included in our data analysis. The pooled relative risk (RR) of breast cancer was 0.99 for high versus low intake of isoflavones (95% confidence interval CI, 0.91–1.09; P = 0.876) and 0.99 for moderate versus low intake of isoflavones (95%CI, 0.92–1.05; P = 0.653), with insignificant heterogeneity (P = 0.187 for high versus low, and P = 0.192 for moderate versus low). While a moderate consumption of soy-based foods did not significantly affect breast cancer risk, a high intake of soy-based foods associated with a lower risk of developing breast cancer. Considering specific foods, an increased the risk of developing breast cancer was seen with a moderate intake of formononetin, but no significant associations were found between breast cancer risk and other isoflavone-rich diets.
The present meta-analysis indicates that women with a high dietary intake of soy foods may experience a statistically significant reduction in breast cancer risk. However, moderate formononetin consumption may increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
Objective
In laryngeal microsurgery, the insertion of the suspension laryngoscope is a strong stimulus that may cause hemodynamic fluctuations and adverse cardiovascular events. The purpose of this ...study was to compare the effect of preemptive treatment with esketamine and sufentanil on maintaining hemodynamics and reducing the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events during the insertion of suspension laryngoscope.
Methods
In this double‐blind randomized controlled trial, patients undergoing general anesthesia for laryngeal microsurgery were randomly assigned (1:1) to esketamine 0.5 mg kg−1 (esketamine group) and sufentanyl 0.125 μg kg−1 (sufentanil group) before inserting the laryngoscope, respectively.
Results
During the insertion of suspension laryngoscope, the incidence of bradycardia (HR < 60 beats/min) was 39.3% (22/56) in esketamine group, lower than 60.0% (33/55) in sufentanil group (odds ratio OR, 2.32 95% CI, 1.11–5.08; p = 0.029). The incidence of hypotension (MAP <65 mmHg) was 33.9% (19/56) in esketamine group, lower than 56.4% (31/55) in sufentanil group (odds ratio OR, 2.52 95% CI, 1.91–5.27; p = 0.018). The frequency of hypotension in esketamine group was lower than that in sufentanil group (0.36 ± 0.52 vs. 0.56 ± 0.50, p = 0.035). The time‐weighted average of HR dropping above 30% of baseline was smaller in esketamine group than in sufentanil group (0.52 ± 2.06 vs. 1.08 ± 2.77, p = 0.006).
Conclusions
These findings showed that compared with preemptive treatment of sufentanil (0.125 μg kg−1), esketamine (0.5 mg kg−1) was effective in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events, including bradycardia and hypotension induced by the insertion of suspension laryngoscope during the laryngeal microsurgery.
Level of Evidence
2 Laryngoscope, 133:3021–3027, 2023
Insertion of a suspension laryngoscope is a strong stimulus that may cause hemodynamic fluctuations and adverse bradycardia events. This study was conducted to investigate whether the early administration of esketamine reduces this irritation compared to sufentanil.
Puerarin shows promise as an anti-cancer compound, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here we explored whether and how it promotes ferroptosis in a colorectal cancer cell line. The level of ...ferroptosis and expression of autophagy proteins were compared between puerarin-treated HT-29 cells expressing normal or reduced levels of the autophagy protein ATG5 or the ferritinophagy protein nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4). Puerarin increased lipid peroxidation and inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, indicating the induction of ferroptosis. These effects were partially reversed by ferrostatin-1, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species; by the iron chelator deferiprone; by repression of autophagy through administration of 3-methyladenine or knockdown of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5); or by repression of ferritinophagy through NCOA4 knockdown. Puerarin may induce the proliferative inhibition of colorectal cancer cells by triggering ferroptosis through a mechanism requiring NCOA4 ferritinophagy.
High‐performance Cu2ZnSnS4 photovoltaic devices are demonstrated using electrodeposition of metal stacks and annealing of a CuZnSn precursor in a sulfur atmosphere. A champion electroplated Cu2ZnSnS4 ...solar cell achieves a power conversion efficiency of 7.3%, which is a record efficiency for electrodeposited Cu2ZnSnS4 solar devices. The device performance points to electrodeposition and annealing as a low‐cost and viable approach to earth‐abundant solar cell fabrication.
A high efficiency electroplated Cu2ZnSnS4 earth‐abundant solar cell is demonstrated. A power conversion efficiency of 7.3% is measured in the champion device. The achieved power conversion efficiency demonstrates that electrodeposition and annealing is a viable approach for low‐cost thin‐film earth‐abundant solar cell fabrication.
The first total synthesis of the alkaloid (−)‐haliclonin A is reported. The asymmetric synthesis relied on a novel organocatalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of nitromethane with 3‐alkenyl ...cyclohex‐2‐enone to set the stereochemistry of the all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center. The synthesis also features a Pd‐promoted cyclization to form the 3‐azabicyclo3,3,1nonane core, a SmI2‐mediated intermolecular reductive coupling of enone with aldehyde to form the requisite secondary chiral alcohol, ring‐closing alkene and alkyne metathesis reactions to build the two aza‐macrocyclic ring systems, and an unprecedented direct transformation of enol into enone.
A natural product from the bench: Key steps in the first total synthesis of (−)‐haliclonin A include an organocatalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of nitromethane with 3‐substituted cyclohexenone, Pd‐promoted cyclization, SmI2‐mediated intermolecular reductive coupling of enone with aldehyde, metathesis reactions (RCM and RCAM) to build the macrocyclic ring systems, and a direct oxidation of enol to enone.
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized dilatation of the aorta that plagues millions. Its rupture incurs high mortality rates (~80–90%), pressing an urgent need for therapeutic methods to ...prevent this deadly outcome. Judiciously designed nanoparticles (NPs) have displayed a unique potential to fulfill this need. Aneurysms feature excessive inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. As such, typically inflammatory cells and exposed ECM proteins have been targeted with NPs for therapeutic, diagnostic, or theranostic purposes in experimental models. NPs have been used not only for encapsulation and delivery of drugs and biomolecules in preclinical tests, but also for enhanced imaging to monitor aneurysm progression in patients. Moreover, they can be readily modified with various molecules to improve lesion targeting, detectability, biocompatibility, and circulation time. This review updates on the progress, limitations, and prospects of NP applications in the context of AAA.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been widely studied due to its unique advantages such as remote sensing, real-time multi-elemental detection and none-to-little damage. With the ...efforts of researchers around the world, LIBS has been developed by leaps and bounds. Moreover, in recent years, more and more Chinese LIBS researchers have put tremendous energy in promoting LIBS applications. It is worth mentioning that the application of LIBS in a specific field has its special application background and technical difficulties, therefore it may develop in different stages. A review summarizing the current development status of LIBS in various fields would be helpful for the development of LIBS technology as well as its applications especially for Chinese LIBS community since most of the researchers in this field work in application. In the present work, we summarized the research status and latest progress of main research groups in coal, metallurgy, and water, etc. Based on the current research status, the challenges and opportunities of LIBS were evaluated, and suggestions were made to further promote LIBS applications.
Here, we report the first total syntheses of daphnezomine L-type alkaloids daphnezomine L methyl ester and calyciphylline K via late-stage C-N bond activation. The first synthesis of ...secodaphniphylline-type alkaloid caldaphnidine D was also achieved via a similar strategy. Other key transformations employed in our synthesis were a facile vicinal diol olefination and an efficient radical cyclization cascade. Biological studies indicated two synthetic compounds possess promising neuroprotective activity.
