Controlled morphology modulation of graphene carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is successfully realized from bulk to 3D loose foam architecture via the blowing effect of a bubble, which can be controlled by ...heating rate. The loose foam network is comprised by spatially scaffolded few‐atom‐layer interconnected flakes with the large specific surface area, as supporters to prevent agglomeration and provide a pathway for electron/phonon transports. The photocatalytic performance of 3D foam strutted g‐C3N4 toward RhB decomposition and hydrogen evolution is significantly enhanced with the morphology optimization while its excellent optoelectronic properties are maintained simultaneously. Herein, the ultrathin, mono‐, and high‐quality foam g‐C3N4 interconnected flakes with controlled layer are facilely obtained through ultrasonic, thus overcoming the drawbacks of a traditional top–down approach, opening a wide horizon for diverse practical usages. Additionally, the layer control mechanism of 3D hierarchical structure has been explored by means of bubble growth kinetics analysis and the density functional theory calculations.
3D foam strutted g‐C3N4 synthesized upon bubble template shows effective photocatalytic activity as well as highly stable optoelectronic properties, overcoming the problem of its photoluminescence degradation when applied as a photocatalyst. Kinetic characterization and theoretical calculations reveal ultrathin foam growth and a layer control mechanism, which is crucial for the application of this promising class of materials.
A practical protocol for the preparation of quinoxaline‐2,3(1H,4H)‐diones through direct C(sp2)−H hydroxylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones in recyclable DL‐α‐Tocopherol methoxypolyethylene glycol ...succinate solution (2 wt% in water) (TPGS‐750‐M/H2O) was developed. The target products were exclusively generated and could be collected through extraction and recrystallization.
Aims and Objectives
To determine whether self‐efficacy mediates the relationship between Symptom Clusters (SC) and quality of life (QOL) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).
Background
The QOL in ...patients with MG can be affected not only by the SC but the self‐efficacy in previous studies, while the latter may also be contributed by the former. However, it is still unclear whether self‐efficacy mediates the relationship between SC and QOL in patients with MG.
Design
A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in patients with MG who were recruited from our institution from October 2021 to March 2022, which was reported in line with the STROBE guidelines.
Methods
The hypothetical model was tested and all the effects of SC and self‐efficacy on QOL were estimated based on structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis after conducting a confirmatory factor analysis of the scales in a separate cohort.
Results
Three scales for symptoms (four summated items), self‐efficacy (four plus one parcelled item) and MG‐QOL (three summated items) were validated according to the confirmatory factor analysis in 72 patients. An SEM analysis of another 310 participants revealed that SC exerted significant direct effects on QOL and self‐efficacy, with values of .585 and −.293, respectively, and self‐efficacy also had a significant effect on QOL (−.141). The indirect effect of SC on QOL via self‐efficacy was .041, accounting for 6.6% of the overall effect. Male and female patients did not differ in the direct and indirect effects of symptoms on QOL.
Conclusions
This study suggests that, although self‐efficacy partially mediates the relationship between SC and QOL in patients with MG, worsening of symptoms remains the leading contributor to the decreased QOL.
Relevance to Clinical Practice
These results may provide a potential clue for doctors, nurses, and other caregivers to optimise treatment strategies for targeted patients with MG.
Patient or Public Contribution
Involved in developing and answering research questions, management and conduct.
A
bstract
We consider a gravitational theory with two Maxwell fields, a dilatonic scalar and spatially dependent axions. Black brane solutions to this theory are Lifshitz-like and violate ...hyperscaling. Working with electrically charged solutions, we calculate analytically the holographic DC conductivities when both gauge fields are allowed to fluctuate. We discuss some of the subtleties associated with relating the horizon to the boundary data, focusing on the role of Lifshitz asymptotics and the presence of multiple gauge fields. The axionic scalars lead to momentum dissipation in the dual holographic theory. Finally, we examine the behavior of the DC conductivities as a function of temperature, and comment on the cases in which one can obtain a linear resistivity.
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) with infinite quality factor (Q-factor) and significant field enhancement pave the way for realizing highly sensitive optical sensors with enhanced light-matter ...interactions on the nanoscale. However, current optical sensing methods are difficult to discriminate between isotropic and anisotropic media from resonance spectral lines, resulting in optical sensing methods still being limited to isotropic media. In this work, we demonstrate that BICs can be realized by modulating the period of structural units to convert BICs to QBICs without changing their space group symmetry, and propose a polarization-independent metasurfaces-based realization of highly sensitive refractive index sensors for isotropic and anisotropic media as well as discrimination. We propose a metasurface of tetrameric silicon nanoboxes with C
symmetry as structural units to achieve the conversion of BICs to QBICs by modulating the period of structural units without changing the geometry of the structure. Two QBICs modes dominated by electric toroidal dipole and magnetic toroidal dipole are identified by multipolar decomposition and electromagnetic distribution calculations. Meanwhile, we realize the refractive index detection and resolution of isotropic and anisotropic media based on polarization-independent metasurfaces combined with isotropic and anisotropic media layers. Our work provides what we believe to be a new method for realizing the fast resolution and refractive index optical sensing of isotropic and anisotropic media, and offers new ideas for the design and application of polarization-independent metasurfaces.
A
bstract
We observe the parallel between the null Killing vector on the horizon and degenerate Killing vectors at both north and south poles in Kerr-Taub-NUT and general Plebanski solutions. This ...suggests a correspondence between the pairs of the angular momentum/velocity and the NUT charge/potential. We treat the time as a real line such that the Misner strings are physical. We find that the NUT charge spreads along the Misner strings, analogous to that the mass in the Schwarzschild black hole sits at its spacetime singularity. We develop procedures to calculate all the thermodynamic quantities and we find that the results are consistent with the first law (Wald formalism), the Euclidean action and the Smarr relation. We also apply the Wald formalism, the Euclidean action approach, and the (generalized) Komar integration to the electric and magnetic black holes in a class of EMD theories, and also to boosted black strings and Kaluza-Klein monopoles in five dimensions, to gain better understandings of how to deal with the subtleties associated with Dirac and Misner strings.
Thermodynamics of Taub-NUT-AdS spacetimes Liu, Jun-Fei; Liu, Hai-Shan
European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
05/2024, Volume:
84, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We apply the generalised Komar method proposed in
arXiv:2208.05494
to Taub-NUT-AdS spacetime in the theory of Einstein gravity plus a cosmological constant. Based on a generalised closed 2-form, we ...derive the total mass and NUT charge of the Taub-NUT-AdS spacetime. Together with other thermodynamic quantities calculated through standard method, we conform the first law and Smarr relation. Then, we consider charged AdS NUT spacetimes in Einstein–Maxwell theory with a cosmological constant, and show that the generalised Komar method works, too. We obtain all the thermodynamic quantities, and the first law and Smarr relation are checked to be satisfied automatically.
Near horizon gravitational charges Liu, Hai-Shan; Mao, Pujian
The journal of high energy physics,
05/2022, Volume:
2022, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A
bstract
In this paper, we study the near horizon symmetry and gravitational charges in the Newman-Penrose formalism. In particular we investigate the effect from topological terms. We find that the ...Pontryagin term and Gauss-Bonnet term have significant influence on the near horizon charges and bring interesting novel features. We show that the gravitational charge derived from a general class of topological terms including the Pontryagin term and Gauss-Bonnet term can be obtained from the ambiguities of the symplectic potential.
A
bstract
We employ the Noether procedure to derive a general formula for the radially conserved heat current in AdS planar black holes with certain transverse and traceless perturbations, for a ...general class of gravity theories. For Einstein gravity, the general higher-order Lovelock gravities and also a class of Horndeski gravities, we derive the boundary stress tensor and show that the resulting boundary heat current matches precisely the bulk Noether current.
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