Due to the strong drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), the inhibition effects of conventional disinfectants and antibiotics are not obvious. Juglone extracted from discarded ...walnut husk, as a kind of plant-derived antimicrobial agent, has the advantages of naturalness, high efficiency, and low residue, with a potential role in the inhibition of P. aeruginosa. This study elucidated the inhibitory effect of juglone on the growth of plankton and the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilm. The results showed that juglone (35 μg/mL) had an irreversible inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa colony formation (about 107 CFU/mL). The integrity and permeability of the cell membrane were effectively destroyed, accompanied by disorder of the membrane permeability, mass leakage of the cytoplasm, and ATP consumption. Further studies manifested that juglone could induce the abnormal accumulation of ROS in cells and block the formation of the cell membrane. In addition, RT-qPCR showed that juglone could effectively block the expression of five virulence genes and two genes involved in the production of extracellular polymers, thereby reducing the toxicity and infection of P. aeruginosa and preventing the production of extracellular polymers. This study can provide support for the innovation of antibacterial technology toward P. aeruginosa in food.
(
) is a common pathogen causing plant diseases. Limoli proved that its strong pathogenicity is closely related to biofilm state. As a natural bacteriostatic agent with broad-spectrum bactericidal ...properties, juglone can be used as a substitute for synthetic bacteriostatic agents. To explore the antibacterial mechanism, this study was carried out to examine the inhibitory effect of juglone on cell membrane destruction, abnormal oxidative stress, DNA insertion and biofilm prevention of
. Results showed that juglone at 20 μg/mL can act against planktogenic
(10
CFU/mL). Specially, the application of juglone significantly damaged the permeability and integrity of the cell membrane of
. Additionally, juglone caused abnormal intracellular oxidative stress, and also embedded in genomic DNA, which affected the normal function of the DNA of
. In addition, environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and other methods showed that juglone effectively restricted the production of extracellular polymers, and then affected the formation of the cell membrane. This study provided a possibility for the development and utilization of natural juglone in plants, especially
.
This study was to investigate the effects of dietary zinc (Zn) supplementation on performance, zinc transporter gene expression, and immune function in aged laying hens. In experiment 1, twenty ...31-week-old hens (young) and twenty 60-week-old hens (old) with the same genetic background were fed with the same diet for 4 weeks. In experiment 2, a basal diet supplemented with zinc sulfate (ZnS) and zinc glycine chelate (ZnG) at 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg Zn/kg to constitute nine experimental diets. Eight hundred and ten 60-week-old layers were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with 9 treatments, 6 replicates of 15 birds each, and birds were fed for 10 weeks. In experiment 1, results showed that zinc and metallothionein (MT) concentration in the shell gland of old hens was significantly lower than young layers (
P
< 0.05). Zinc transporters ZnT1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in old layers were significantly lower versus the young (
P
< 0.05). In experiment 2, results indicated that dietary zinc supplementation did not significantly affect the laying rate, average feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion efficiency, broken egg rate, or mortality (
P
> 0.05). Supplemental ZnG significantly improved eggshell breaking strength than ZnS, with a higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and more abundant ZnT4 expression in shell gland versus ZnS (
P
< 0.05). ZnG supplementation at 90 mg Zn/kg affected the duodenal mucus by significantly increasing ZnT1, 6, 7, ZIP13, and MT-4 mRNA level (
P
< 0.05). Zinc level significantly increased bovine serum albumin (BSA) antibody concentration on 14 day after BSA injection (
P
< 0.05). Supplementation of ZnG improved eggshell quality of aged layers by upgrading zinc transporter expression in the shell gland and intestine also enhanced humoral immunity.
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•Epicatechin is the most important component of WGHP.•WGHP could alleviate HF-induced lipid metabolism disorders in rats.•WGHP intake could protect the liver, aorta and colon tissues ...of HF-fed rats.•WGHP could improve the composition of gut microbiota in rats fed with HF.
This study is aims to evaluate the beneficial effects of polyphenols-rich extracts from walnut green husk (WGHP) on the prevention of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), vascular endothelial dysfunction and colon tissue damage in rats fed high fat diet for 8 weeks. HPLC analysis showed that epicatechin, rutin and caffeic acid are the main components of WGHP. Administration of WGHP to HF-fed rats effectively prevented abnormal body weight gain, lipid metabolism disorder, oxidative stress and inflammation. Biochemical analysis and histopathological observation consistently confirmed the protective effects of WGHP on NAFLD, vascular endothelial dysfunction and colon tissue damage in rats caused by HF. In addition, 16S RNA sequencing results showed that WGHP reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in HF-fed rats and reversed the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae-UCG-014 and Fusicatenibacter. These results suggest that WGHP may serve as a nutritional agent for protecting liver, cardiovascular and colon tissue in HF-fed rats.
Until now, the onset velocity of circulating fluidization in liquid-solid fluidized beds has been defined by the turning point of the time required to empty a bed of particles as a function of the ...superfcial liquid velocity, and is reported to be only dependent on the liquid and particle properties. This study presents a new approach to calculate the onset velocity using CFD-DEM simulation of the particle residence time distribution （RTD）. The onset velocity is identified from the intersection of the fitted lines of the particle mean residence time as a function of superficial liquid velocity. Our results are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. The simulation indicates that the onset velocity is infuenced by the density and size of particles and weakly affected by riser height and diameter, A power-law function is proposed to correlate the mean particle residence time with the superficial liquid velocity. The collisional parameters have a minor effect on the mean residence time of particles and the onset velocity, but influence the particle RTD, showing some humps and trailing. The particle RTD is found to be related to the particle trajectories, which may indicate the complex flow structure and underlying mechanisms of the particle RTD.
In this paper, a typical experiment is carried out based on a high-resolution air-sea coupled model, namely, the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) model, on both heterogeneous ...many-core (SW) and homogenous multicore (Intel) supercomputing platforms. We construct a hindcast of Typhoon Lekima on both the SW and Intel platforms, compare the simulation results between these two platforms and compare the key elements of the atmospheric and ocean modules to reanalysis data. The comparative experiment in this typhoon case indicates that the domestic many-core computing platform and general cluster yield almost no differences in the simulated typhoon path and intensity, and the differences in surface pressure (PSFC) in the WRF model and sea surface temperature (SST) in the short-range forecast are very small, whereas a major difference can be identified at high latitudes after the first 10 days. Further heat budget analysis verifies that the differences in SST after 10 days are mainly caused by shortwave radiation variations, as influenced by subsequently generated typhoons in the system. These typhoons generated in the hindcast after the first 10 days attain obviously different trajectories between the two platforms.
Local distortions in lenses of transmitter optical system could further deteriorate the performance of intersatellite laser communications (lasercom). Bit error rate (BER) for on-off keying system is ...investigated considering the combined influence of local distortion and pointing error, without considering the noise of the detector. It is shown that BER varies regularly with the characteristic parameters of local distortion. Peak-to-valley value that is usually used to evaluate lens machining precision is determined, and the key principles for selecting lenses are given. This paper can contribute to the lasercom system design.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to
Hepadnaviridae
family and mainly infects hepatocytes, which can cause acute or chronic hepatitis. Currently, two types of antiviral drugs are approved for chronic ...infection clinically: interferons and nucleos(t)ide analogues. However, the clinical cure for chronic infection is still rare, and it is a huge challenge for all researchers to develop high-efficiency, safe, non-tolerant, and low-toxicity anti-HBV drugs. Antazoline hydrochloride is a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic properties, and it is commonly used to relieve nasal congestion and in eye drops. Recently, an
in vitro
high-throughput evaluation system was constructed to screen nearly 800 compounds from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved Drug Library. We found that arbidol hydrochloride and antazoline hydrochloride can effectively reduce HBV DNA in the extracellular supernatant in a dose-dependent manner, with EC
50
of 4.321 μmol/L and 2.910 μmol/L in HepAD38 cells, respectively. Moreover, the antiviral effects and potential mechanism of action of antazoline hydrochloride were studied in different HBV replication systems. The results indicate that antazoline hydrochloride also has a significant inhibitory effect on HBV DNA in the extracellular supernatant of Huh7 cells, with an EC
50
of 2.349 μmol/L. These findings provide new ideas for screening and research related to HBV agents.
The effects of live yeast (LY) and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on intestinal disruption induced by Escherichia coli in broilers were investigated. The experimental design was a 3×2 ...factorial arrangement with three dietary treatments (control, 0·5 g/kg LY (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1·0×1010 colony-forming units/g), 0·5 g/kg MOS) and two immune treatments (with or without E. coli challenge from 7 to 11 d of age). Samples were collected at 14 d of age. The results showed that E. coli challenge impaired (P<0·05) growth performance during the grower period (1-21 d) and the overall period (1-35 d) of broilers, increased (P<0·05) serum endotoxin and diamine oxidase levels coupled with ileal myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activities, whereas reduced (P<0·05) maltase activity, and compromised the morphological structure of the ileum. Besides, it increased (P<0·05) the mRNA expressions of several inflammatory genes and reduced occludin expression in the ileum. Dietary treatment with both LY and MOS reduced (P<0·05) serum diamine oxidase and ileal myeloperoxidase levels, but elevated villus height (P<0·10) and the ratio of villus height:crypt depth (P<0·05) of the ileum. It also alleviated (P<0·05) E. coli-induced increases (P<0·05) in ileal Toll-like receptor 4, NF-κ B and IL-1 β expressions. Moreover, LY supplementation reduced (P<0·05) feed conversion ratio of birds during the grower period and enhanced (P<0·05) the community diversity (Shannon and Simpson indices) of ileal microbiota, whereas MOS addition counteracted (P<0·05) the decreased ileal IL-10 and occludin expressions in challenged birds. In conclusion, both LY and MOS supplementation could attenuate E. coli-induced intestinal disruption by alleviating intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction in broilers. Moreover, LY addition could improve intestinal microbial community structure and feed efficiency of broilers.
•A new type of composite (Fe3O4@AMP&ZnCl2@McAb) was synthesized by reversed-phase microemulsion method, and the process was simple.•The composite could purify multiple mycotoxins at the same time, ...and the purification effect of mycotoxins was similar to that of commercialized immunoaffinity column.
A new type of immunomagnetic bead based on the metal–organic framework materials (MOFs) and the magnetic core (Fe3O4) was prepared for analysis of the mycotoxins in food samples. The MOF conjugated with the monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) was coated on the surface of Fe3O4 beads by reversed-phase microemulsion method, which could purify deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), T-2, and HT-2 mycotoxins at the same time. The composite (Fe3O4@AMP&ZnCl2@McAbs) was characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping. The results showed that the synthesis of the composite was successful. The maximum toxin adsorption capacity per 100 mg of composite was DON 688.26 ng, ZEN 864.98 ng, and T-2/HT-2 2801.80 ng, and in adding recovery experiment, the recovery of four mycotoxins decreased slightly with the increase of usage times, but still maintained a high adsorption rate and stability. For effectiveness comparison and evaluation, the composite and commercial DZTMS-PREP immune affinity column were used to treat three samples of corn, wheat, and oat flour, and the purification effect of the two pretreatment methods on the four toxins was similar.
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