Emerging virtual reality/augmented reality games and self-driving cars necessitate accurate/responsive/private emotion recognition. Usually, traditional emotion recognition models are deployed at ...central servers, which results in the lack of abilities in generalization and covering the individual variation of clients. This paper proposes a responsive, localized, and private transfer learning based emotion recognition framework under the cloud-edge-client collaborations. Additionally, a 3-dimensional channel mapping method is designed to aggregate features extracted from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for the generic emotion recognition model, which is further localized and personalized using transfer learning. Simulation results validate the performance of the proposed TLER framework in reducing model training time and improving emotion recognition accuracy.
Activated microglia are an important type of innate immune cell in the brain, and they secrete inflammatory cytokines into the extracellular milieu, exert neurotoxicity to surrounding neurons and are ...involved in the pathogenesis of many brain disorders. Quercetin (Qu), a natural flavonoid, is known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Previous studies have shown that both increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress and decreased autophagy participate in the activation of microglial. In the current study, we showed that Qu significantly attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory factor production, cell proliferation and NF-κB activation of microglia. Importantly, Qu decreased the levels of NLR family, pyrin domain containing three (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis-related proteins, including NLRP3, active caspase-1, GSDMD N-terminus and cleaved IL-1β. Further study indicated that this anti-inflammatory effect of Qu was associated with mitophagy regulation. Importantly, Qu promoted mitophagy to enhance damaged mitochondrial elimination, which then reduced mtROS accumulation and alleviated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Then, we confirmed that Qu treatment protected primary neurons against LPS-induced microglial toxicity and alleviated neurodegeneration in both depression and PD mouse models. Further IL-1β administration blunted these neuroprotective effects of Qu in vitro and in vivo. This work illustrated that Qu prevents neuronal injury via inhibition of mtROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia through promoting mitophagy, which provides a potential novel therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation-related diseases.
Environmental pollution has been the focus of attention in recent years. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the strategy of rural revitalization, which pointed out ...that we should adhere to the harmonious coexistence of man and nature. Under the background of Rural Revitalization Strategy, we should improve the rural living environment and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of agriculture. We should establish and improve the rural environmental governance system, realize the construction of ecological civilization, and adhere to the implementation of green development and innovative development. Based on the background of Rural Revitalization Strategy, taking YZ town as an example, this paper analyzes the difficulties of rural environmental pollution control, such as weak awareness of environmental pollution control, low efficiency of environmental protection funds, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures.
Astrocytes represent the largest group of glial cells and participate in a variety of essential functions in the healthy central nervous system (CNS) physiology, and disruption of their physiological ...roles can therefore be a contributor to CNS dysfunction and pathology. Cellular senescence, one of the mechanisms of aging, has been proposed as a central component of the age dependency of neurodegenerative disorders. The loss of astrocyte function or the gain of neuroinflammatory function as a result of cellular senescence could respond to both the neurofibrillary tangles and plaques of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), to tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ accumulation. Senescent astrocytes may also lead to a deleterious set of effects including glutamate excitotoxicity, impaired synaptic plasticity, neural stem cell loss and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction during Alzheimer’s disease. In this review article, we summarize our growing understandings of cellular senescence in astrocytes, and its putative role in pathologic progress of Alzheimer's disease, and we will also discuss the significance of targeting senescent astrocytes as a novel and feasible therapeutic approach for AD.
Aging-related, nonresolving inflammation in both the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery predisposes individuals to the development of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Inflammasomes are ...thought to be especially relevant to immune homeostasis, and their dysregulation contributes to inflammation and NDDs. However, few agents have been clinically shown to reduce NDD incidence by targeting inflammasomes. Our study indicated that NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome is involved in Parkinson disease (PD) progression in patients and various murine models. In addition, the small molecule kaempferol (Ka) protected mice against LPS- and SNCA-induced neurodegeneration by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation as evidenced by the fact that Ka reduced cleaved CASP1 expression and disrupted NLRP3-PYCARD-CASP1 complex assembly with concomitant decreased IL1B secretion. Mechanically, Ka promoted macroautophagy/autophagy in microglia, leading to reduced NLRP3 protein expression, which in turn deactivated the NLRP3 inflammasome. Intriguingly, ubiquitination was involved in Ka-induced autophagic NLRP3 degradation. These findings were further confirmed in vivo as knockdown of Atg5 expression or autophagy inhibitor treatment significantly inhibited the Ka-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition and neurodegeneration amelioration. Thus, we demonstrated that Ka promotes neuroinflammatory inhibition via the cooperation of ubiquitination and autophagy, suggesting that Ka is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NDDs.
Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; AAV: adeno-associated virus; ACTB: actin, beta; AIF1/IBA1: allograft inflammatory factor 1; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BafA1: bafilomycin A
1;
BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; CASP1: caspase 1; CNS: central nervous system; CQ: chloroquine; DA neurons: dopaminergic neurons; DAMPS: damage-associated molecular patterns; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; IP: immunoprecipitation; i.p.: intraperitoneally; Ka: kaempferol; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; IL1B: interleukin 1 beta; IL6: interleukin 6; Ly: lysate; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; NC: negative control; NDD: neurodegenerative diseases; NLRP3: NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3; OE: overexpression; PD: Parkinson disease; poly-Ub: poly-ubiquitin; PTM: post-translational modification; PYCARD/ASC: PYD and CARD domain containing; Rapa: rapamycin; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SN: supernatant; SNCA: synuclein alpha; SNpc: substantia nigra pars compacta; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TH: tyrosine hydroxylase; TNF/TNF-alpha: tumor necrosis factor; Ub: ubiquitin; WT: wild type
The rapid growth of the air-conditioning load leads to a further increase in the peak-to-valley difference of the load, which has affected the steady operation of the power grid. An economic ...evaluation method of the controlled air-conditioning load combined echelon utilization batteries in the micro-grid system of a commercial park participating in the demand side management is discussed in this paper. Through the study of the optimal control mode of air-conditioning load groups, taking the user comfort and the fairness of the air-conditioning control into consideration, an orderly control model of the air conditioning is developed by the improved state-queue (ISQ) control algorithm. Echelon utilization batteries are introduced into the micro-grid system of the commercial park, and a coordinated optimization allocation and economic evaluation model of the micro-grid system in the commercial park is established. The particle swarm optimal algorithm (PSO) and the artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) are employed to solve the model. The simulation tests of the actual operating data in the commercial park in Shanghai of China show that the controlled air-conditioning load can improve the optimal allocation of resources and promote the energy utilization rate by participating in the demand side management. The optimized regulation of the air-conditioning load not only improves the user's comfort but also reduces the cost of the purchasing electricity from the grid. When the purchasing cost of the unit capacity for the echelon utilization batteries is less than 254.5391 USD/kWh, the economy of the echelon utilization batteries is better than the conventional energy storage batteries. The method presented in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the echelon utilization of retired electric vehicle batteries (REVBs) and has certain engineering application prospects.
The response of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to oxidative stress has been recently reported but the downstream signals of this response are largely unknown. Meanwhile, the upstream events for ...the activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), a critical transcriptional activator for antioxidative responses, remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between AMPK and Nrf2 signal pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered inflammatory system, in which berberine (BBR), a known AMPK activator, was used for inflammation suppression.
In inflammatory macrophages, BBR attenuated LPS-induced expression of inflammatory genes (inducible nitric oxide synthase iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2 COX2, interleukin IL-6), and the generation of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, but increased the transcription of Nrf2-targeted antioxidative genes (NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 NQO-1, heme oxygenase-1 HO-1), as well as the nuclear localization and phosphorylation of Nrf2 protein. Importantly, we found BBR-induced activation of Nrf2 is AMPK-dependent, as either pharmacologically or genetically inactivating AMPK blocked the activation of Nrf2. Consistent with in vitro experiments, BBR down-regulated the expression of proinflammatory genes but upregulated those of Nrf2-targeted genes in lungs of LPS-injected mice, and these effects were attenuated in Nrf2-deficient mice. Moreover, the effect of BBR on survival time extension and plasma redox regulation in endotoxin-shocked mice was largely weakened when Nrf2-depleted.
Our results demonstrate convergence between AMPK and Nrf2 pathways and this intersection is essential for anti-inflammatory effect of BBR in LPS-stimulated macrophages and endotoxin-shocked mice. Uncovering this intersection is significant for understanding the relationship between energy homeostasis and antioxidative responses and may be beneficial for developing new therapeutic strategies against inflammatory diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 20, 574-588.
Senescent cells express and secrete a variety of extracellular modulators that include cytokines, chemokines, proteases, growth factors and some enzymes associated with ECM remodeling, defined as the ...senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP reinforces senescent cell cycle arrest, stimulates and recruits immune cells for immune-mediated clearance of potentially tumorigenic cells, limits or induces fibrosis and promotes wound healing and tissue regeneration. On the other hand, SASP mediates chronic inflammation leading to destruction of tissue structure and function and stimulating the growth and survival of tumour cells. SASP is highly heterogeneous and the role of SASP depends on the context. The regulation of SASP occurs at multiple levels including chromatin remodelling, transcription, mRNA translation, intracellular trafficking and secretion. Several SASP modulators have already been identified setting the stage for future research on their clinical applications. In this review, we summarize in detail the potential signalling pathways that trigger and regulate SASP production during ageing and senescence.
Au nanoparticles decorated mesoporous MnFe₂O₄ nanocrystal clusters (MnFe₂O₄/Au hybrid nanospheres) were used for the electrochemical sensing of As(III) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry ...(SWASV). Modified on a cheap glass carbon electrode, these MnFe₂O₄/Au hybrid nanospheres show favorable sensitivity (0.315 μA/ppb) and limit of detection (LOD) (3.37 ppb) toward As(III) under the optimized conditions in 0.1 M NaAc-HAc (pH 5.0) by depositing for 150 s at the deposition potential of -0.9 V. No obvious interference from Cd(II) and Hg(II) was recognized during the detection of As(III). Additionally, the developed electrode displayed good reproducibility, stability, and repeatability, and offered potential practical applicability for electrochemical detection of As(III) in real water samples. The present work provides a potential method for the design of new and cheap sensors in the application of electrochemical determination toward trace As(III) and other toxic metal ions.
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