Nanoscale photocatalysts have attracted much attention due to their high surface area to volume ratios. This work investigates the photodegradation of organic contaminants using the fluorescence ...emission characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-nano) in aqueous solutions. This is accomplished by preparing nanocrystalline ZnO; the presence of organic contaminants in water is readily detected from the quenching of fluorescence observed from ZnO semiconductor films. Photolysis of ZnO thin films immersed into an aqueous system containing organic contaminants results in the degradation of the contaminants. A comprehensive study has been done involving several organic contaminants in water (like aliphatic and aromatic chloro compounds as well as some commonly used aromatic solvents) to check the suitability of ZnO-nano as an efficient photocatalyst. The ZnO nanoparticles not only serve as a better catalytic system compared to bulk ZnO and commercially available Degussa TiO
2 in achieving degradation of the added contaminants, but unlike other semiconductor systems can also act as a non-specific sensor for the presence of these common contaminants in water. A total cleanup of a cocktail of contaminants in water was also achieved using the ZnO-nano.
Due to depletion and price hike of fossil fuel, most of the developing and developed countries are shifting to Electric vehicles. The major problem faced by the electric vehicle drivers is the range ...anxiety for battery charging. For predicting the battery range of electric vehicle, a systematic simulation of both traction and HVAC power consumption is required. In this work, a simulation model has been created in MATLAB to calculate the energy required for traction and HVAC system of the vehicle for a selected source and destination by considering heat entry, orientation and location of the electric vehicle. By using transient simulation model, electrical energy requirement of the vehicle for the trip is calculated and quantified for the given variations of drving cycle, orientation, altitude, ambient temperature along the trip. The simulation is validated by running the electric vehicle in different trips with and without air-conditioning. The average error between the measured and simulated value is less than 2.59% and the average deviation in the range estimation for the different trips considered is 4.09%. This simulated model will be useful for vehicle drivers to forecast the range and decide about battery charging strategy of electric vehicle.
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•This model forecasts the energy consumption of Electric Vehicle for overcoming the range anxiety of the driver.•The model accuracy is improved by considering the dynamic variations of solar radiation load during the trip.•The result obtained from simulation is validated with real time data for the complete trip.•The energy requirement of the vehicle before the journey, can be estimated through this model.
The purpose of this research was to examine the dynamics of volatility spillover between energy and environmental, social, and sustainable indices. COVID19 prompted the research to select April 2019 ...to March 2022 as a sample period, and the respective data (Daily Prices) of the Nifty Energy and Nifty ESG indices were obtained from the National Stock Exchange of India Limited. The outcomes of the study confirmed that the daily returns of Nifty Energy and Nifty 100 ESG indices were not normally distributed and reached stationarity at level difference. Further, the study employed GARCH Models such as ARCH, GARCH (1,1), and GARCH-M to determine conditional volatility, and it validated the ARCH influence on the daily returns of the Nifty Energy and Nifty 100 ESG, during the study period
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system of a passenger cabin in a vehicle is a largest auxiliary load in an automobile, apart from primary tractional load. A larger energy for HVAC ...system can reduce the driving range of an electric vehicle. The same condition may result in increase in fuel consumption of an engine-driven vehicle up to 25%. Excessive heating up of the passenger compartment is primarily caused by exposure of the vehicle to peak solar radiation. Energy conservation studies will reduce the energy consumption as well as initial size of cooling system. In the present work, the CFD analysis of a HVAC system in a hatchback car model has been carried out. The analysis was executed to find the baseload and temperature rise in an automobile passenger cabin without cooling. Following this, the cooling process has been implemented in the CFD model. Energy conservation measures, such as implementation of different types of insulation materials and window blinds have been carried out to study the temperature reduction by insulations and window blinds in the car cabin. The interior fluid domain of the car cabin has been modeled and simulated using ANSYS FLUENT 19.0 software. Results obtained from various simulations revealed the usefulness of the CFD simulation tool in studying the various parameters that are responsible for energy consumption in an automobile. The results taken from the simulation can be used by vehicle manufacturers for their vehicle advancement and they can develop a CFD model for optimizing the HVAC energy in an automobile.
Teaching professionals regularly use the chalk board eraser or duster throughout their life which leads to several unnoticed musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to provide an ...alternate design for the existing Indian model chalk board eraser, because current eraser design causes noticeable amount of biomechanical load on the wrist, hand and shoulder region when its frequency of usage was high and repetitive. Initially, pilot study was conducted through an online modified Nordic questionnaire among 60 college professors to identify the risky regions of the body due to the use of existing chalk board eraser. This was followed by an experimental trial using surface Electromyography Sensors (sEMG) in which the muscle behaviour was evaluated during the chalkboard erasing process employing three newly designed dusters and a traditional duster. The results revealed that Model A designed with a large palm rest to align the palm and the forearm had better usability and the musculoskeletal distress was reduced when compared with the traditional duster. Whereas Model C designed with slip guards to improve the gripping forces was found to have better performance rating after Model A. Model B provided with separate handle was found to be the worst performer when compared with the conventional duster. Results suggested that providing an improved palm rest and slip guards such as grooves reduces the musculoskeletal distress.
➢Chalk board erasers cause several musculoskeletal disorders among teaching professionals➢The risky body regions were identified using modified Nordic questionnaire survey➢Three modified erasers were fabricated using 3D printing technology➢Experimental trials using sEMG were conducted for 12 healthy subjects➢Dusters with sharp corner and minimal contact area will not be a suitable choice
Infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN) is an immunologically mediated glomerular injury triggered by an extrarenal infection. Infective endocarditis-associated glomerular nephritis is an entity ...caused by infection of the cardiac valves. IRGN is most common in children, and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is commonest in the age group of 2-14 years. In contrast to childhood PSGN and epidemic PSGN, which usually resolve completely with antibiotics, IRGN in adults has a guarded prognosis. Cardiovascular implantable electronic device-associated infective endocarditis (CIED-IE) is a phenomenon for which the incidence is on the rise (0.1-5.1%). The most frequent CIED-IE pathogens were staphylococci or other Gram-positive bacteria. CIED-IE poses difficult management problems for the clinician. We present the case of a 50-year-old patient with a pacemaker who was found to have infective endocarditis and septic embolism.
The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of volatility among the Energy Indices of Asia Pacific Stock Markets. To test the volatility among the daily returns of Energy Indices of Asia ...Pacific Stock Markets, the study selected five sample Asian Pacific stock markets’ Energy Indices on the basis of availability of data. The findings of descriptive statistics and the ADF Test revealed, that the daily returns of the sample energy indices of Asian Pacific stock markets were not normally distributed and achieved stationarity at level difference, over the research period. Hence the data may be used for additional analysis. The data were then analysed, by using the GARCH (1,1) model to assess the considerable volatility of daily returns of sample energy indices and the study, which revealed that during the study period, all of the sample energy indices were volatile.
The commodity futures market plays a major role in reducing the price risk for the participants. Unfortunately, the farmers’ participation in the futures market particularly from the Tamil Nadu ...region is very less. A survey was conducted using the interview method to identify the information sources used by farmers for taking pricing decisions, the awareness and perception of farmers towards the futures market, and its effect on preferred marketing alternatives. The data cleaning process was done using content validity, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability test using Cronbach's alpha, and the assumptions of normality and multicollinearity were examined. The data will be of potential use to researchers who wish to explore farmers’ behavior towards hedging in the commodity futures market.
Abstract
The current research investigates the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Indian Sustainable Investment. For this purpose, the study selected three sustainable indices, namely, BSE Greenex, ...BSE Carbonex, and BSE 100 ESG index of Bombay Stock Exchange of India. The Descriptive Statistics, ADF Test and GARCH (1,1) Model were used to found that all the sample sustainable indices were gained positive return with the high volatility throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic and the results confirmed that COVID-19 influenced the Indian sustainable investments.
In this paper, we have conducted a study in a 2.2 kW variable speed SI engine coupled with electrical loading, whose main objective is to reduce the NOx emissions coming out of the engine. To achieve ...this outcome, we have opted for the EGR technique. We have opted for this technique because firstly it is a proven technique that has been successfully implemented in CI engine and secondly as it reduces the peak engine temperature leading to increased engine life. EGR is implemented by using EGR manifold which replaces the regular intake manifold. Also, a flow control valve is used to control the percentage flow of exhaust gases. From this study, we can conclude Cold EGR is effective in reducing NOx but lowers the efficiency. Additionally, a reduction in CO2 percentage is also observed at the cost of the increase in HC.
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