Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of long, non-coding RNAs molecules that shape a covalently closed continuous loop which have no 5′–3′ polarity and contain no polyA tail. CircRNAs also possess ...relatively jarless framework and are highly tissue-specific expressed in the eukaryotic transcriptome. Emerging evidences have discovered that thousands of endogenous circRNAs are present in mammalian cells and they mediate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level by binding to microRNAs or other molecules and then inhibit their function. Similarly, increasing evidence indicates that circRNAs may play a role in the development of several types of diseases, including atherosclerotic vascular disease risk, neurological disorders, prion diseases, osteoarthritis and diabetes. Furthermore, circRNAs exhibit aberrant expression in multiform types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. And based on the function of circRNAs in cancer, we believe that circRNAs may serve as diagnostic or tumor promising biomarkers. Moreover, it will provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer.
This study reviews the latest progress in research on climate change and water resources in the arid region of Northwest China, analyzes the cause of water resource changes within the region from the ...perspective of climate change and human activities, and summarizes future likely changes in water resources and associated adaptation strategies. The research shows that the climate in the region has experienced warming and wetting with the most significant warming in winter and the highest increase in summer precipitation since 1961. Areas with the most significant warming trends include the Qaidam Basin, the Yili River Valley, and Tacheng. Spatially, the increasing trend in precipitation becomes increasingly significant from the southeast to the northwest, and northern Xinjiang experienced the highest increase. Studies have shown a decrease in headwater of Shiyang River because runoff is mainly based on precipitation which shows a decrease trend. But an increase in western rivers was observed such as Tarim River and Shule River as well as Heihe River due to rapid glacier shrinkage and snowmelt as well as precipitation increase in mountain area. Meanwhile unreasonable human activities resulted in decrease of runoff in the middle and lower reaches of Haihe River, Shiyang River and Kaidu River. Finally, recommendations for future studies are suggested that include characteristics of changes in extreme weather events and their impacts on water resources, projections of future climate and water resource changes, climate change attribution, the selection of adaptation strategies relating to climate change and social economic activities, and use of scientific methods to quantitatively determine water resource allocation.
Recently, a hot topic about warmer and wetter climate change in the arid region of Northwest China, especially in Xinjiang, has attracted much attention by general public and scientific community. ...This study revisits this topic especially for Xinjiang in the Eurasian continental context from multiple perspectives based on most updated CRU high-resolution grid data and China's homogenized station data in 1961–2019. We conclude that such ‘warming–wetting’ trend is not a regional phenomenon for Xinjiang but has much larger spatial scale. Regions having experienced both temperature and precipitation increases reflecting ‘warming–wetting’ trend account for more than half of the Eurasian continent since 1961. Nevertheless, the ‘warming–wetting’ trend in Xinjiang suggests some unique regional features in response to the global warming. Although drought seems to have relieved to some extent, especially in the mountainous regions in western Xinjiang, the nature of arid and semi-arid climate regime has not changed. Noticeably, the interannual variability of precipitation has enlarged and the increase in extreme precipitation events has a major contribution. These findings suggest that ‘warming–wetting’ trend in Xinjiang is asymmetric regarding warming and wetting in seasons and intensifying interannual variability and increasing contribution of extreme precipitation to the total. Thus, the current ‘warming–wetting’ trend in Xinjiang possibly brings us some beneficial impacts for the ecosystem but also increases challenges for water resources utilization and risk management.
Few-layer bismuthene is an emerging two-dimensional material in the fields of physics, chemistry, and material science. However, its nonlinear optical property and the related photonics device have ...been seldom studied so far. Here, we demonstrate a sub-200 fs soliton mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using a microfiber-based bismuthene saturable absorber for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The bismuthene nanosheets are synthesized by the sonochemical exfoliation method and transferred onto the taper region of a microfiber by the optical deposition method. Stable soliton pulses centered at 1561 nm with the shortest pulse duration of about 193 fs were obtained. Our findings unambiguously imply that apart from its fantastic electric and thermal properties, few-layer bismuthene may also possess attractive optoelectronic properties for nonlinear photonics, such as mode-lockers, Q-switchers, optical modulators and so on.
The Pre‐exponential Factor in Electrochemistry He, Zheng‐Da; Chen, Yan‐Xia; Santos, Elizabeth ...
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
July 2, 2018, Volume:
57, Issue:
27
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Like many branches of science, not to mention culture in general, electrochemistry has a number of recurring topics: Areas of research that are popular for a certain time, then fade away as their ...possibilities seem to have been exhausted, only to return decades later as progress in experimental or theoretical techniques offer new possibilities for their investigation. A prime example are fuel cells, which have undergone five such cycles, but here we discuss a general concept of kinetics—the pre‐exponential factor of a rate constant—which has undergone two such cycles. The first cycle was in the 1950–1980s, when the methods of electrochemical kinetics were developed, and the interpretation was based on transition‐state theory. The second was triggered by the re‐discovery of Kramers theory for reactions in condensed phases. This Minireview will show that the time has come for a third cycle based on recent progress in electrocatalysis.
Factoring in: The pre‐exponential factor A has been neglected in electrocatalysis, even though, together with the activation energy, it determines the reaction rates. The few experimental values that have been published differ by orders of magnitude. Theoretical concepts for its calculation exist, but have not been applied. In contrast, outer‐sphere electron transfer seems to be understood.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are increasingly gaining importance and attention due to their diverse potential functions and their value as diagnostic biomarkers (disease specific). This study aims to ...explore the novel mechanisms by which exosome-contained circRNAs promote tumor development and metastasis in TNBC. We identified increased circRNA circPSMA1 in TNBC cells, their exosomes, and serum exosomes samples from TNBC patients. The overexpression of circPSMA1 promoted TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we investigated the tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) or stromal components in immune microenvironment (IME), and identified the significant differences in the immune cells between TNBC and non-TNBC samples. Mechanistically, circPSMA1 acted as a "miRNAs sponge" to absorb miR-637; miR-637 inhibited TNBC cell migration and metastasis by directly targeted Akt1, which recognized as a key immune-related gene and affected downstream genes β-catenin and cyclin D1. Subsequent co-culture experiments also demonstrated that exosomes from TNBC carrying large amounts of circPSMA1 could transmit migration and proliferation capacity to recipient cells. Kaplan-Meier plots showed that high expression of Akt1 and low expression of mir-637 are highly correlated with poor prognosis in patients with lymph node metastasis of TNBC. Collectively, all these results reveal that circPSMA1 functions as a tumor promoter through the circPSMA1/miR-637/Akt1-β-catenin (cyclin D1) regulatory axis, which can facilitate the tumorigenesis, metastasis, and immunosuppression of TNBC. Our research proposes a fresh perspective on novel potential biomarkers and immune treatment strategies for TNBC.
The role of miR-130a in cancer Zhang, He-da; Jiang, Lin-hong; Sun, Da-wei ...
Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan),
07/2017, Volume:
24, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
MicroRNAs (miRs) are short and highly conserved non-coding RNAs molecules consisting of 18–25 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level by direct binding to ...complementary binding sites within the 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of target mRNAs. New evidences have demonstrated that miRNAs play an important role in diverse physiological processes, including regulating cell growth, apoptosis, metastasis, drug resistance, and invasion. In chromosomes 11 and 22 of the miR-130 family, paralogous miRNA sequences, miR-130a and miR-130b are situated, respectively. MiR-130a has participated in different pathogenesis, including hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, prostate carcinoma, leukemia, etc. Most important of all, more and more evidences indicate that miR-130a is associated with drug resistance and acts as an intermediate in PI3 K/Akt/PTEN/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin and NF-kB/PTEN drug resistance signaling pathways. Drug resistance has emerged as a major obstacle to successful treatment of cancer nowadays and in this review, we will reveal the function of miR-130a in cancer, especially in drug resistance. Therefore, it will provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, especially in chemotherapy.
Even at the best oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst, i.e., Pt-based materials, the ORR current is observed only below 1.0 VRHE, indicating an onset overpotential higher than 0.20 V (0.25 V at ...pure Pt). Rational design of more active ORR catalysts hinges on correct understanding of the origins of this high onset overpotential, which is a topic of controversy for decades. In this contribution, major viewpoints in the literature are recapitulated, a recent framework compiling several factors into a unified picture is introduced, and perspectives for more comprehensive analysis in future are given.
Display omitted
•The origins for the high onset overpotential of ORR are discussed.•Major viewpoints in past five decades are reviewed.•Parasitic reactions lead to a mixed potential.•Kinetics and thermodynamics are intertwined.•“The blind men and the elephant” approach must be transcended.
Amplification of warming on the Tibetan Plateau Zhang, Cen; Qin, Da-He; Zhai, Pan-Mao
Advances in climate change research,
August 2023, 2023-08-00, 2023-08-01, Volume:
14, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The accelerated warming over the Tibetan Plateau relative to global means has attracted considerable attention from the scientific community. Nevertheless, the timescale, seasonality and dominant ...causes of the Tibetan warming amplification have not been discussed. The seasonality of the Tibetan amplification effect at different timescales was revealed in this study. Based on the optimal fingerprinting attribution method, an attribution study of the Tibetan warming amplification was also conducted after selecting the outperforming model simulations in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Results showed that Tibetan warming amplification manifested in the mid-1970s. The annual amplification during 1961–2018 was 0.13 °C per decade. The warming amplification in spring started later than all the other seasons, and the strongest warming amplification occurred in winter. The change in Tibetan warming amplification also displayed distinct decadal differences at time scales shorter than 30 years. The updated models perform better in simulating the surface air temperature change on the global land scale whilst underestimating the warming over the Tibetan Plateau region, which causes a weak amplification in the model simulation. Overall, the largest deviation comes from winter. The attribution result reveals that the stronger warming response to human influence on the Tibetan Plateau than the global land is the direct cause of the Tibetan warming amplification. This finding implies the important role of local climate feedback over the Tibetan Plateau.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, highly conserved noncoding RNAs molecules, consisting of 18–25 nucleotides that regulate gene expression by binding to complementary binding sites within the ...3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of target mRNAs. MiRNAs have been involved in regulating gene expression and diverse physiological and pathological processes. Several studies have reported that miR-30a, situated on chromosome 6q.13, is produced by an intronic transcriptional unit. Moreover, miR-30a has demonstrated its role in biological processes, including inhibiting proliferation and metastasis in many tumors, autophagy in chronic myelogenous leukemia, and regulating TGF-b1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, based on the pathogenetic relationship between miR-30a and cancer in tumorigenesis, we believe that miR-30a may serve as tumor promising biomarker. Moreover, it would offer a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer.
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