Severe weather and long-term driving of vehicles lead to various cracks on asphalt pavement. If these cracks cannot be found and repaired in time, it will have a negative impact on the safe driving ...of vehicles. Traditional artificial detection has some problems, such as low efficiency and missing detection. The detection model based on machine learning needs artificial design of pavement crack characteristics. According to the pavement distress identification manual proposed by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), these categories have three different types of cracks, such as fatigue, longitudinal crack, and transverse cracks. In the face of many types of pavement cracks, it is difficult to design a general feature extraction model to extract pavement crack features, which leads to the poor effect of the automatic detection model based on machine learning. Object detection based on the deep learning model has achieved good results in many fields. As a result, those models have become possible for pavement crack detection. This paper discusses the latest YOLOv5 series detection model for pavement crack detection and is to find out an effective training and detection method. Firstly, the 3001 asphalt crack pavement images with the original size of 2976×3978 pixels are collected using a digital camera and are randomly divided into three types according to the severity levels of low, medium, and high. Then, for the dataset of crack pavement, YOLOv5 series models are used for training and testing. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the YOLOv5l model is the highest, reaching 88.1%, and the detection time of the YOLOv5s model is the shortest, only 11.1 ms for each image.
The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the health of bees. To elucidate the effect of feed and Nosema ceranae infection on the gut microbiota of honey bee (Apis cerana), we used 16S rRNA ...sequencing to survey the gut microbiota of honey bee workers fed with sugar water or beebread and inoculated with or without N. ceranae. The gut microbiota of A. cerana is dominated by
,
, and
genera. The overall gut microbiota diversity was show to be significantly differential by feeding type. N. ceranae infection significantly affects the gut microbiota only in bees fed with sugar water. Higher abundances of
,
, and
and lower abundances of
were found in bees fed with beebread than in those fed with sugar water. N. ceranae infection led to a higher abundance of
and a lower abundance of
in sugar-fed bees. Imputed bacterial Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways showed the significant metagenomics functional differences by feeding and N. ceranae infections. Furthermore, A. cerana workers fed with sugar water showed lower N. ceranae spore loads but higher mortality than those fed with beebread. The cumulative mortality was strongly positive correlated (rho = 0.61) with the changes of overall microbiota dissimilarities by N. ceranae infection. Both feeding types and N. ceranae infection significantly affect the gut microbiota in A. cerana workers. Beebread not only provides better nutrition but also helps establish a more stable gut microbiota and therefore protects bees in response to N. ceranae infection.
The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the health of bees. Scientific evidence suggests that diet and infection can affect the gut microbiota and modulate the health of the gut; however, the interplay between those two factors and the bee gut microbiota is not well known. In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing method to monitor the changes of gut microbiota associated with both feeding types and Nosema ceranae infection. Our results showed that the gut microbiota composition and diversity of Asian honey bee were significantly associated with both feeding types and the N. ceranae infection. More interestingly, bees fed with beebread showed higher microbiota stability and lower mortality rates than those fed with sugar water when infected by N. ceranae. Those data suggest that beebread has the potential not only to provide better nutrition but also help to establish a more stable gut microbiota to protect bees against N. ceranae infection.
Continuous application of organic fertilizers can cause accumulation of organic phosphorus (P) in soil, especially in the low-molecular-weight organic phosphorus (LMWOP) forms. This organic P pool ...represents a potentially important source of P for both plants and microorganisms. To understand the effect of long-term fertilization (30 years) (P-rich soil) vs. fallowing (P-poor soil) on the bioavailability and fate of LMWOP in subtropical paddy soils, we determined the sorption and mineralization of 14C-labeled adenosine, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in each soil. The contents of carbon, nitrogen, and P in the P-rich soil were more than two times greater than those in the P-poor soil. The mineralization rates of the LMWOP compounds were faster in the P-rich soil compared to the P-poor soil, and followed the order AMP>ADP>ATP. Using sterilized soil, all forms of adenosine-P were strongly sorbed to the solid phase and reached saturation in a short time, with the adsorbance increasing with the number of phosphate groups. We concluded that the mineralization of LMWOP compounds was repressed slightly by sorption to the solid phase, but only in the short term. Thus, LMWOP compounds serve as readily available sources of C for microorganisms, making P available for themselves as well as for the plants. However, P accumulation and the progressive saturation of the P sorption sites in highly fertile soils may increase the potential risk of P runoff.
To detect
Salmonella
more efficiently and isolate strains more easily, a novel and simple detection method that uses an enrichment assay and two chromogenic reactions on a chromatography membrane was ...developed. Grade 3 chromatography paper is used as functionalized solid phase support (SPS), which contains specially optimized medium. One reaction for screening is based on the sulfate-reducing capacity of
Salmonella
. Hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S) generated by
Salmonella
reacts with ammonium ferric citrate to produce black colored ferrous sulfide. Another reaction is based on
Salmonella
C8 esterase that is unique for
Enterobacteriaceae
except
Serratia
and interacts with 4-methylumbelliferyl caprylate (MUCAP) to produce fluorescent umbelliferone, which is visible under ultraviolet light. A very low detection limit (10
1
CFU ml
−1
) for
Salmonella
was achieved on the background of 10
5
CFU ml
−1
Escherichia coli
. More importantly, testing with more than 1,000 anal samples indicated that our method has a high positive detection rate and is relatively low cost, compared with the traditional culture-based method. It took only 1 day for the preliminary screening and 2 days to efficiently isolate the
Salmonella
cells, indicating that the new assay is specific, rapid, and simple for
Salmonella
detection. In contrast to the traditional culture-based method, this method can be easily used to screen and isolate targeted strains with the naked eye. The results of quantitative and comparative experiments showed that the visual detection technique is an efficient alternative method for the screening of
Salmonella spp.
in many applications of large-sized samples related to public health surveillance.
To compare the predictive efficacy of the two thrombosis risk assessment scores (Padua and IMPEDE scores) in venous thromboembolism (VTE) within 6 months in patients with newly diagnosed multiple ...myeloma (NDMM) in China.
This study reviewed the clinical data of 421 patients with NDMM hospitalized in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from April 2014 to February 2022. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Youden index of the two scores were calculated to quantify the thrombus risk assessment of VTE by the Padua and IMPEDE scores. The receiver operating characteristics curves of the two evaluation scores were drawn.
The incidence of VTE was 14.73%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Youden index of the Padua score were 100%, 0%, 14.7%, and 0% and that of the IMPEDE score was 79%, 44%, 49.2%, and 23%, respectively. The areas under the curve of Padua and IMPEDE risk assessment scores were 0.591 and 0.722, respectively.
IMPEDE score is suitable for predicting VTE within 6 months in patients with NDMM.
Effects of NaHS, H₂S donor, on germination and antioxidant metabolism in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds under osmotic stress were investigated. With the enhancement of osmotic stress, which was ...mimicked by PEG-6000, the seed germination dropped gradually. NaHS treatment could promote wheat seed germination against osmotic stress in a dose-dependent manner; while Na⁺ and other sulfur-containing components, such as S²⁻, SO ₄ ²⁻ , SO ₃ ²⁻ , HSO ₄ ⁻ and HSO ₃ ⁻ , were not able to improve seed germination as NaHS did, confirming H₂S or HS⁻ derived from NaHS contribute to the protective roles. Further experiments showed that NaHS treatment combined with PEG enhanced the activities of amylase and esterase in comparison to PEG treatment alone. Alternatively, NaHS treatment significantly reduced malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide accumulation in seeds. Significant enhancement of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities and decrease in lipoxygenase activity were observed in NaHS treated seeds, while peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were not affected as compared with the control. Furthermore, the H₂S donor treatment could retain higher levels of endogenous H₂S in wheat seeds under osmotic stress. These data indicated that H₂S played a protective role in wheat seed against osmotic stress.
► We prepared Ni45Co5Mn35.6In13.4 ribbons with two different wheel speeds. ► We examined the effect of melt spinning on atomic order and magnetic properties. ► Compared to the bulk, the martensitic ...transition shifts to lower temperature. ► Melt spinning technique leads to a reduced magnetic entropy change. ► A large difference of resistance appears on ZFC heating and FC cooling under 5T.
Heusler alloy Ni45Co5Mn35.6In13.4 ribbons were prepared by melt spinning with different wheel linear speeds. It was found that melt spinning is an effective way to change atomic order of the crystal structure, which leads to a significant change in magnetic and transport properties as well as the martensitic transition behavior. Austenite with cubic B2 structure was confirmed for the melt-spun ribbons at room temperature. Compared to the as-prepared ingots, martensitic transition and reverse transition shift to lower temperature, and metamagnetic behavior becomes less significant due to enhanced ferromagnetic properties in martensitic phase, thus resulting in a reduced magnetic entropy change. However, an interesting transport behavior was observed in the ribbons. Under a magnetic field of 5T, a large difference in resistance appears on heating and cooling process, which is closely related to the large difference of ZFC–FC magnetization. Our analysis indicates that the change of magnetic domain configuration and the FM spin structure de-pinning under external cooling field should be responsible for the separation of ZFC–FC resistance and ZFC–FC magnetization.
Plasma facing components of EAST Song, Y.T.; Peng, X.B.; Xie, H. ...
Fusion engineering and design,
12/2010, Volume:
85, Issue:
10
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Peer reviewed
EAST plasma facing components (PFCs) have the function of protecting the vacuum vessel, heating systems and diagnostic components from the plasma particles and heat loads, and also additional to this ...particles and heat loads handling. The PFCs are designed up–down symmetry to accommodate with both double null and single null plasma configuration. All PFCs use graphite tile for plasma facing surfaces affixed to copper alloy heat sink considering economical factor. Based on this structural design, detailed structural and thermal analysis had been carried out. A special deep hole drilling technology was developed to drill cooling channels directly on heat sink for high efficient heat removal. A dry lubricate material is used between stainless steel support and heat sink for the purpose of absorption of thermal expansion. And analysis results show that the present PFCs need to be improved for the next stage of steady state operation. The PFCs are installed in the vacuum vessel together with in-vessel coils, cryopump and diagnostic components. The design, analysis, manufacture and assembly have been finished. As indicated, all the in-vessel components were fabricated and assembled successfully and meet the design requirement for the plasma operation.
Applications of artificial intelligence in intelligent manufacturing： a review Li, Bo-hu; Hou, Bao-cun; Yu, Wen-tao ...
Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering/Frontiers of Informaion Technology & Electronic Engineering,
2017, 1-2017, 2017-1-00, 20170101, Volume:
18, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Based on research into the applications of artificial intelligence （AI） technology in the manufacturing industry in recent years, we analyze the rapid development of core technologies in the new era ...of＇Internet plus AI＇, which is triggering a great change in the models, means, and ecosystems of the manufacturing industry, as well as in the development of AI. We then propose new models, means, and forms of intelligent manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing system architecture, and intelligent man- ufactudng technology system, based on the integration of AI technology with information communications, manufacturing, and related product technology. Moreover, from the perspectives of intelligent manufacturing application technology, industry, and application demonstration, the current development in intelligent manufacturing is discussed. Finally, suggestions for the application of AI in intelligent manufacturing in China are presented.
Calcium carbonate (CC) nanoparticles have broad biomedical utilizations, owing to their multiple intrinsic merits. However, bare CC nanoparticles do not allow for the development of multifunctional ...devices suitable for advanced drug delivery in cancer therapy.
Phospholipid-modified phospholipid-CC hybrid nanoparticles were prepared in our study using a combination of vapor-diffusion and solvent-diffusion methods to offer optimized pharmaceutical capabilities.
Considering that particle size is a critical parameter that plays an important role in both in vitro and in vivo behaviors of nanoparticles, we here for the first time a present detailed protocol for the size-controlled preparation of hybrid nanoparticles, as well as analysis of the in vitro/in vivo behaviors of differently sized hybrid nanoparticles.
Our results might significantly advance the application of this promising material in more varied fields.
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