The cyclization reactions of propargylic alcohols and propargylic amines with CO2 are important in industrial applications, but it was a great challenge that non‐noble‐metal catalysts catalyzed both ...reactions under mild conditions. Herein, the catalyst Cu2O@ZIF‐8 was prepared by encapsulating Cu2O nanoparticles into robust ZIF‐8, and it can effectively catalyze the cyclization of both propargylic alcohols and propargylic amines with CO2 into valuable α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonates and oxazolidinones with turnover numbers (TONs) of 12.1 and 19.6, which can be recycled at least five times. The mechanisms were further uncovered by NMR, FTIR, 13C isotope‐labeling experiments and DFT calculations, in which Cu2O and DBU can synergistically activate the C≡C bond and the hydroxy/amino group of substrates. Importantly, it is the first example of a noble‐metal‐free catalyst that can catalyze both propargylic alcohols and propargylic amines with CO2 simultaneously.
The noble‐metal‐free catalyst Cu2O@ZIF‐8 with a yolk–shell structure was synthesized, and it represents the first noble‐metal‐free catalyst that can effectively catalyze both propargylic alcohols and propargylic amines with CO2 under mild conditions.
A subzero‐temperature cathode material is obtained by nucleating cubic prussian blue crystals at inhomogeneities in carbon nanotubes. Due to fast ionic/electronic transport kinetics even at −25 °C, ...the cathode shows an outstanding low‐temperature performance in terms of specific energy, high‐rate capability, and cycle life, providing a practical sodium‐ion battery powering an electric vehicle in frigid regions.
The cell‐to‐cell transfer of α‐synuclein (α‐Syn) greatly contributes to Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis and underlies the spread of α‐Syn pathology. During this process, extracellular α‐Syn can ...activate microglia and neuroinflammation, which plays an important role in PD. However, the effect of extracellular α‐Syn on microglia autophagy is poorly understood. In the present study, we reported that extracellular α‐Syn inhibited the autophagy initiation, as indicated by LC3‐II reduction and p62 protein elevation in BV2 and cultured primary microglia. The in vitro findings were verified in microglia‐enriched population isolated from α‐Syn‐overexpressing mice induced by adeno‐associated virus (AAV2/9)‐encoded wildtype human α‐Syn injection into the substantia nigra (SN). Mechanistically, α‐Syn led to microglial autophagic impairment through activating toll‐like receptor 4 (Tlr4) and its downstream p38 and Akt‐mTOR signaling because Tlr4 knockout and inhibition of p38, Akt as well as mTOR prevented α‐Syn‐induced autophagy inhibition. Moreover, inhibition of Akt reversed the mTOR activation but failed to affect p38 phosphorylation triggered by α‐Syn. Functionally, the in vivo evidence showed that lysozyme 2 Cre (Lyz2cre)‐mediated depletion of autophagy‐related gene 5 (Atg5) in microglia aggravated the neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuron losses in the SN and exacerbated the locomotor deficit in α‐Syn‐overexpressing mice. Taken together, the results suggest that extracellular α‐Syn, via Tlr4‐dependent p38 and Akt‐mTOR signaling cascades, disrupts microglial autophagy activity which synergistically contributes to neuroinflammation and PD development.
Autophagy‐dependent and independent machinery synergistically contribute to hα‐Syn‐caused neuroinflammation in PD. The basal autophagy activity restricts microglia inflammation. Extracellular hα‐Syn interacts with and activates Tlr4, resulting in inflammatory responses, as well as autophagy suppression in microglia via Tlr4‐dependent p38 and Akt/mTOR signaling cascades. This impairs the inhibitory effect of autophagy on inflammation, and thus aggravating hα‐Syn‐induced inflammatory responses.
Objectives
The amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (ATN) framework has conceptualized the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum as a continuum of disease with evidence of amyloid‐related pathologies ...independent of clinical manifestation. Based on this framework, it is necessary to reveal the distribution and risk factors of AD continuum in the cognitively intact population among different cohorts and races, including the northern Chinese Han population.
Methods
This study classified cognitively intact Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) participants through the AT(N) scheme. Gaussian mixture models were used to identify the cutoff values of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, which distinguished AD continuum ( A + T−N−, A + T + N−, A + T−N + and A + T + N +) from 1,005 participants (mean age 61 years; 40% female). Multivariable logistic regressions and Cochran–Armitage trend tests were used to test neuropsychological performance and risk factors for AD continuum.
Results
Approximately one‐third of individuals (33.7%) belonged to the AD continuum. Four potential modifiable risk factors, including hypertension, thyroid diseases, social isolation, and minimal depression symptoms, were identified for the AD continuum (OR ranging 1.68–6.90). A trend toward higher prevalence of the AD continuum was associated with a larger number of risk factors (p for trend <0.0001). The risk of AD continuum increased by approximately twofold for each additional modifiable risk factor (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.65–2.24, p < 0.0001).
Interpretation
This study revealed the distribution and potential risk factors of the AD continuum in a cognitively intact Han population in northern China, which filled the gap in the area about the performance of the AT(N) framework in the Asian population. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:439–450
This study investigated the influence of regenerated cellulose particles (RC) on the physical stability, rheological properties and microstructure of oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions stabilized by sodium ...caseinate (Na-SC). The stability of o/w emulsions was examined by measuring droplet size and size distribution as well as visualization of their creaming properties. Creaming stability of emulsions was enhanced with the addition of 1.0% RC which eliminated any separation. With increased addition of cellulose particles, there was an improved packing of proteins onto the droplet surface which resulted in a gradual reduction in droplet sizes. Rheological measurements and microscopy showed that RC possessed superb thickening and gelling properties. The influence of RC on emulsions stabilized by Na-SC was concentration dependent, with 1.5% RC being the critical concentration, showing only slight flocculation, a smaller droplet size and a stronger gel network. These results indicate that regenerated cellulose particles have the potential to substitute for conventional polysaccharides particularly those which require larger quantities to stabilize emulsions.
Regenerated cellulose adds the accumulation of sodium caseinate on the fat granule surface in the emulsion system. The stabilization mechanism of emulsions prepared with Sodium caseinate and regenerated cellulose is by thickening and gelling mechanism. Display omitted
•Regenerated cellulose was processed by acid dissolution and water regeneration.•Regenerated cellulose was superior to microcrystalline cellulose in stabilizing o/w emulsion.•Regenerated cellulose improved the adsorption of proteins to the droplet surface.•Regenerated cellulose weakened the interaction of droplets with stronger network.•The stabilization mechanism was synergistic effects of sodium caseinate and regenerated cellulose.
In recent years, applications of cold plasma treatments have shown high efficiency in sterilization of fresh fruit and vegetables. With encouraging results, development of this technique focuses on ...influences of cold plasma on the quality attributes of these fresh produce. More studies found that the quality attributes are maintained in an acceptable range or can even be improved under certain plasma treatment conditions. This review provides an overview of the multiple effects of cold plasma on the fresh produce, in terms of physical, chemical and physiological aspects. Besides, the possible mechanisms of how plasma influences these quality attributes is elaborated, which is useful for further modification and improvement of the plasma technology, so that quality enhancement and shelf life extension can be achieved. Future trends in the development of cold plasma technology are also presented. Cold plasma treatment is a potential technology for treating fresh fruit and vegetables to enhance their quality and extend their shelf life. However, knowledge of the effects of cold plasma on the quality changes of fresh fruit and vegetables is still limited. Therefore, there is a need for future studies to understand the mechanisms of plasma effects on controlling the interactions between plasma and food products in order to realize the early adoption of the technology to the food industry.
•A novel nonlinear hybrid model is proposed for wind speed forecasting.•Propose hysteretic character based modified ELM to improve forecasting performance.•DE is used to select the number of hidden ...layers and neurons count in LSTM network.•Propose a LSTM-based nonlinear combined method to learn the nonlinear relationship.•The effectiveness of proposed model is validated on two case studies data.
Accurate and stable wind speed forecasting is essential for the planning, scheduling and control of wind energy generation and conversion in wind power industry. In this paper, a novel nonlinear hybrid model aiming at improving prediction performance of wind speed called LSTMDE-HELM is presented by using Long Short Term Memory neural network (LSTM), Hysteretic Extreme Learning Machine (HELM), Differential Evolution algorithm (DE), and nonlinear combined mechanism. First, to enhance the performance of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), a biological neural system property called hysteresis is embedded into neuron activation function of ELM. Second, as there isn’t a clear knowledge to set the number of hidden layers in LSTM and neurons count in each hidden layer, DE is introduced to optimize these numbers by minimizing a weighted objective function for keeping balance between learning performance and model complexity. Finally, the forecasting results of each predictor in LSTMDE-HELM are aggregated by a novel nonlinear combined mechanism composed of LSTM network and also the DE is used to optimize this LSTM. The proposed nonlinear hybrid model is employed on the data gathered from a wind farm in Inner Mongolia, China. Two forecasting horizons i.e., ten-minute ahead (utmost short term) and one-hour ahead (short term) are adopted for experiments. Empirical results fully demonstrate the superiority of the proposed hybrid model compared with other models in terms of four performance indices and statistical tests.
Aim
To examine the impact of both individual and cumulative social determinants of health (SDoH) on the likelihood of developing periodontitis, while also exploring any gender disparities in this ...relationship.
Materials and Methods
Data of self‐reported SDoH domains and sub‐items based on Healthy People 2030 were obtained from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 1999 and 2014. Logistic regression models, weighted by survey responses, were used to examine the relationship between SDoH (including eight sub‐items and the cumulative number of unfavourable SDoH) and periodontitis. The results were further analysed by gender.
Results
A total of 18,075 participants (8867 males and 9208 females) were included in the main analysis, of which 5814 (32.2%) had periodontitis. The study found that certain unfavourable SDoH were individually associated with higher odds of periodontitis, and the cumulative number of unfavourable SDoH was positively linked to the odds of developing periodontitis. Furthermore, males exposed to more unfavourable SDoH appeared to be more susceptible to developing periodontitis than females.
Conclusions
The findings suggest that unfavourable SDoH, especially when they accumulate, are associated with an increased odds of periodontitis and contribute to gender disparities within the U.S. population.
Potassium ion batteries (KIBs) have emerged as a promising energy storage system, but the stability and high rate capability of their electrode materials, particularly carbon as the most investigated ...anode ones, become a primary challenge. Here, it is identified that pitch‐derived soft carbon, a nongraphitic carbonaceous species which is paid less attention in the battery field, holds special advantage in KIB anodes. The structural flexibility of soft carbon makes it convenient to tune its crystallization degree, thereby modulating the storage behavior of large‐sized K+ in the turbostratic carbon lattices to satisfy the need in structural resilience, low‐voltage feature, and high transportation kinetics. It is confirmed that a simple thermal control can produce structurally optimized soft carbon that has much better battery performance than its widely reported carbon counterparts such as graphite and hard carbon. The findings highlight the potential of soft carbon as an interesting category suitable for high‐performance KIB electrode and provide insights for understanding the complicated K+ storage mechanisms in KIBs.
The cycling stability of anode materials in potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) is challenged by the large size of K+ itself. The findings not only demonstrate the promising potential of soft carbon as a category suitable for high‐performance KIB electrodes, but also provide insights into the complicated K+ storage mechanisms in carbon anodes of KIBs.
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