Le but de cette étude était d’étudier le vécu des mères insatisfaites de la prise en charge en salle de naissance en le comparant avec celui de mères satisfaites, à partir des données recueillies par ...évocations hiérarchisées dans l’Étude du Vécu de l’Accouchement (EVA). Il s’agissait d’une étude qualitative, contrôlée par témoins, en population, réalisée au sein de 25 maternités françaises d’un même territoire (Réseau AURORE). Les expressions recueillies par l’évocation hiérarchisée, appelées verbatim, ont été regroupées en sous-thèmes, thèmes et méta-thèmes. Le critère principal de jugement était le pourcentage de patientes ayant cité au moins un mot appartenant à un sous-thème. Six cent quarante-deux mères ont été incluses dans l’étude EVA. Soixante et onze mères ont répondu « insuffisamment » et/ou « pas du tout » à au moins un des items du questionnaire de satisfaction. Elles ont toutes été incluses dans notre étude et constituaient le groupe de cas (insatisfaites). Le groupe témoin (satisfaites) appariés comprenait 144 mères. Le sous-thème de la peur a été significativement plus évoqué par le groupe de mères insatisfaites que par le groupe témoin (42 versus 22 %, p = 0,02). Concernant le sous-thème de la douleur, aucune différence significative n’a été observée entre les deux groupes (45 versus 33 %, p = 0,09). Les résultats incitent à porter plus d’attention à la réassurance des mères en salle de naissance. Identifier les mères inquiètes en cours de grossesse et au moment de l’accouchement doit être une priorité pour les soignants.
Retrograde tracer injections in 29 of the 91 areas of the macaque cerebral cortex revealed 1,615 interareal pathways, a third of which have not previously been reported. A weight index (extrinsic ...fraction of labeled neurons FLNe) was determined for each area-to-area pathway. Newly found projections were weaker on average compared with the known projections; nevertheless, the 2 sets of pathways had extensively overlapping weight distributions. Repeat injections across individuals revealed modest FLNe variability given the range of FLNe values (standard deviation <1 log unit, range 5 log units). The connectivity profile for each area conformed to a lognormal distribution, where a majority of projections are moderate or weak in strength. In the G29 × 29 interareal subgraph, two-thirds of the connections that can exist do exist. Analysis of the smallest set of areas that collects links from all 91 nodes of the G29 × 91 subgraph (dominating set analysis) confirms the dense (66%) structure of the cortical matrix. The G29 × 29 subgraph suggests an unexpectedly high incidence of unidirectional links. The directed and weighted G29 × 91 connectivity matrix for the macaque will be valuable for comparison with connectivity analyses in other species, including humans. It will also inform future modeling studies that explore the regularities of cortical networks.
To what extent cortical pathways show significant weight differences and whether these differences are consistent across animals (thereby comprising robust connectivity profiles) is an important and ...unresolved neuroanatomical issue. Here we report a quantitative retrograde tracer analysis in the cynomolgus macaque monkey of the weight consistency of the afferents of cortical areas across brains via calculation of a weight index (fraction of labeled neurons, FLN). Injection in 8 cortical areas (3 occipital plus 5 in the other lobes) revealed a consistent pattern: small subcortical input (1.3% cumulative FLN), high local intrinsic connectivity (80% FLN), high-input form neighboring areas (15% cumulative FLN), and weak long-range corticocortical connectivity (3% cumulative FLN). Corticocortical FLN values of projections to areas V1, V2, and V4 showed heavy-tailed, lognormal distributions spanning 5 orders of magnitude that were consistent, demonstrating significant connectivity profiles. These results indicate that 1) connection weight heterogeneity plays an important role in determining cortical network specificity, 2) high investment in local projections highlights the importance of local processing, and 3) transmission of information across multiple hierarchy levels mainly involves pathways having low FLN values.
The aim of the study was to determine whether the fibrinogen level at diagnosis of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is associated with the severity of bleeding.
This is a secondary analysis of a ...population-based study in 106 French maternity units identifying cases of PPH prospectively. PPH was defined by a blood loss exceeding 500 ml during the 24 h after delivery or a peripartum haemoglobin decrease of more than 20 g litre−1. This analysis includes 738 women with PPH after vaginal delivery. Fibrinogen levels were compared in patients whose PPH worsened and became severe and those whose PPH remained non-severe. Severe PPH was defined as haemorrhage by occurrence of one of the following events: peripartum haemoglobin decrease ≥40 g litre−1, transfusion of concentrated red cells, arterial embolization or emergency surgery, admission to intensive care, or death.
The mean fibrinogen concentration at diagnosis was 4.2 g litre−1 standard deviation (sd)=1.2 g litre−1 among the patients without worsening and 3.4 g litre−1 (sd=0.9 g litre−1) (P<0.001) in the group whose PPH became severe. The fibrinogen level was associated with PPH severity independently of other factors adjusted odds ratio=1.90 (1.16–3.09) for fibrinogen between 2 and 3 g litre−1 and 11.99 (2.56–56.06) for fibrinogen <2 g litre−1.
The fibrinogen level at PPH diagnosis is a marker of the risk of aggravation and should serve as an alert to clinicians.
Objective
To assess the benefits and safety of early human fibrinogen concentrate in postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) management.
Design
Multicentre, double‐blind, randomised placebo‐controlled trial. ...Setting: 30 French hospitals.
Population
Patients with persistent PPH after vaginal delivery requiring a switch from oxytocin to prostaglandins.
Methods
Within 30 minutes after introduction of prostaglandins, patients received either 3 g fibrinogen concentrate or placebo.
Main outcome measures
Failure as composite primary efficacy endpoint: at least 4 g/dl of haemoglobin decrease and/or transfusion of at least two units of packed red blood cells within 48 hours following investigational medicinal product administration. Secondary endpoints: PPH evolution, need for haemostatic procedures and maternal morbidity–mortality within 6 ± 2 weeks after delivery.
Results
437 patients were included: 224 received FC and 213 placebo. At inclusion, blood loss (877 ± 346 ml) and plasma fibrinogen (4.1 ± 0.9 g/l) were similar in both groups (mean ± SD). Failure rates were 40.0% and 42.4% in the fibrinogen and placebo groups, respectively (odds ratio OR = 0.99) after adjustment for centre and baseline plasma fibrinogen; (95% CI 0.66–1.47; P = 0.96). No significant differences in secondary efficacy outcomes were observed. The mean plasma FG was unchanged in the Fibrinogen group and decreased by 0.56 g/l in the placebo group. No thromboembolic or other relevant adverse effects were reported in the Fibrinogen group versus two in the placebo group.
Conclusions
As previous placebo‐controlled studies findings, early and systematic administration of 3 g fibrinogen concentrate did not reduce blood loss, transfusion needs or postpartum anaemia, but did prevent plasma fibrinogen decrease without any subsequent thromboembolic events.
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Early systematic blind 3 g fibrinogen infusion in PPH did not reduce anaemia or transfusion rate, reduced hypofibrinogenaemia and was safe.
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Early systematic blind 3 g fibrinogen infusion in PPH did not reduce anaemia or transfusion rate, reduced hypofibrinogenaemia and was safe.
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