In this study the catalytic ability of green synthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) is investigated for degradation of methyl orange as a hazardous environmentally contamination in water. ...The NiO NPs was prepared at ambient conditions using the antioxidant content of
Punica granatum
L. (pomegranate) juice extract and their bio-reducing ability were studied in details. This process is entirely green process, free from toxic and hazardous solvent. The biosynthesized NiO NPs were in nano scale and their morphology, sizes, surface area and optical properties were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), BET surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The biosynthesized NiO NPs were found to be active catalysts, particularly with the reducing agents for instance sodium borohydride, for the degradation of the toxic organic dyes such as methyl orange (MO) in contaminated water. The NiO NPs are stable and reusable for reducing MO to its leuco-form, in a short time, in an aqueous medium in the absence of reducing agents. This method is much cheaper than the other methods. The catalytic activity of NiO NPs can be explained by its small size, compared with the bulk materials, which produce numerous active sites due to its big surface area per unit volume.
Abstract
This work demonstrates the design and straightforward syntheses of several novel probe-based on rhodamine B and 2-mercaptoquinoline-3-carbaldehydes as a naked-eye colorimetric probe, ...indicating a sensitive and selective recognition towards nickel (II) with a limit of detection 0.30 μmol L
−1
(0.02 mg L
−1
). Further, by employing the oxidation property of hypochlorite (OCl
−
), this novel probe parallelly has been deployed to detect hypochlorite in laboratory conditions with a limit of detection of 0.19 μmol mL
−1
and in living cells. Regarded to negligible cell toxicity toward mammalian cells, this probe has the potential to determine these analytes in in-vivo investigation and foodstuff samples.
The secondary metabolites produced by
Romagn., a mushroom species belonging to the large
genus (Basidiomycota, Tricholomataceae), are unknown. Therefore, encouraged by the interesting results ...obtained in our previous chemical analyses of a few
species collected in Italian woods, we aimed to investigate the secondary metabolites of
. The chemical analysis involved the isolation and characterization of secondary metabolites through an extensive chromatographic study. The structures of isolated metabolites, including the absolute configuration, were established based on a detailed analysis of MS, NMR spectroscopic, optical rotation, and circular dicroism data, and on comparison with those of related compounds reported in the literature. Two novel lanostane triterpenoids, named tricholidic acids B and C, together with triglycerides, a mixture of free fatty acids, five unidentified metabolites, and the known rare saponaceolides F and J, tricholidic acid, and tricholomenyn C, were isolated from an EtOAc extract of fruiting bodies of
that were collected in an Italian beech wood. This is the second example of isolation of tricholidic acid derivatives from a natural source. Saponaceolides F and J exhibited high cytotoxicity (IC
values ≤ 10 μM) against a panel of five human cancer cell lines. The toxicity against myeloid leukemia (HL-60), lung cancer (A-549), hepatocellular cancer (HepG2), renal cancer (Caki-1), and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells was higher than that shown by the very well-known cytotoxic drug cisplatin.
Four novel seconeodolastane diterpenoids, named tricholomalides D–G, were isolated, together with the known tricholomalide C, from the fruiting bodies of Tricholoma ustaloides Romagn., a species ...belonging to the large Tricholoma genus of higher mushrooms (Basidiomycota, family Tricholomataceae). They were isolated through multiple chromatographic separations, and the structures, including the absolute configuration, were established through a detailed analysis of MS, NMR, and CD spectral data and comparison with related compounds reported in the literature, which has been thoroughly revised.
A dozen
species (Iridaceae) are considered traditional remedies in Kurdistan, especially for treating inflammations. Phytochemical studies are still scarce. The information reported in the literature ...about
species growing in Kurdistan has been summarized in the first part of this paper, although, except for
, investigations have been performed on vegetal samples collected in countries different from Kurdistan. In the second part of the work, we have investigated, for the first time, the contents of the methanolic extracts of
aerial parts and rhizomes that were collected in Kurdistan. Both extracts exhibited a significant dose-dependent free radical scavenging and total antioxidant activities, comparable to those of ascorbic acid. Medium-pressure liquid chromatographic separations of the two extracts afforded l-tryptophan, androsin, isovitexin, swertisin, and 2″-
-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl swertisin from the aerial parts, whereas ε-viniferin,
-resveratrol 3,4'-
-di-β-d-glucopyranoside, and isotectorigenin were isolated from the rhizomes. This is the first finding of the last three metabolites from an
species. The various remarkable biological activities of isolated compounds scientifically sustain the traditional use of
as a medicinal plant.
A new glucosyl flavone, 5,7,2',5'-tetrahydroxyflavone 7-
-β-d-glucopyranoside, named loeflingiin, together with apigenin 6-
-glucoside (isovitexin), coumarins citropten and isompinellin, ...triterpenoids betulin and betulinic acid, and a mixture of phytosterols β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol were isolated for the first time from the leaves of wild
L. (
) collected in the Iraqi Kurdistan region. The plant is used by local people to treat wounds and as a vulnerary remedy. The structures of isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis. The activities of isovitexin and loeflingiinon the viability of breast (MCF7), ovarian (BG-1), endometrial (Ishikawa), and mesothelioma (IST-MES1) human cancer cells and two normal cell lines were determined with an MTT assay. Notably, the new 7-
-glucosyl flavone showed effects higher than cisplatin against the Ishikawa and IST-MESI cell lines. The significant biological activities exhibited by all the compounds isolated from
provided scientific evidence to support the use of the plant in the Kurdish traditional medicine.
Herbal medicines are still widely practiced in Kurdistan Region-Iraq, especially by people living in villages on mountainous regions. Among plants belonging to the genus Teucrium (family Lamiaceae), ...which are commonly employed in the Kurdish traditional medicine, we have analyzed, for the first time, the methanol and aqueous methanol extracts of T. parviflorum aerial parts. The plant is mainly used by Kurds to treat jaundice, liver disorders and stomachache. We aimed to determine the phytochemical profile of the extracts and the structures of the main components, so to provide a scientific rationale for the ancient use of the plant in the ethno-pharmacological field. TLC analysis of the two extracts on silica gel and reversed phase TLC plates, using different visualization systems, indicated similar contents and the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids and sugars. The chlorophyll-free extracts exhibited weak/no antimicrobial activities against a panel of bacteria (MICs = 800–1600 µg/mL) and fungal strains (MICs ≥ 5 mg/mL). At the concentration of 600 µg/mL, the methanol extract showed moderate antiproliferative effects against A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines in the MTS assay. Moreover, both extracts exhibited a significant dose-dependent free radical scavenging action against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical (EC50 = 62.11 and 44.25 μg/mL, respectively). In a phytochemical study, a high phenolic content (77.08 and 81.47 mg GAE/g dry extract, respectively) was found in both extracts by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay. Medium pressure liquid chromatographic (MPLC) separation of the methanol extract on a reversed phase cartridge eluted with a gradient of MeOH in H2O, afforded two bioactive iridoid glucosides, harpagide (1) and 8-O-acetylharpagide (2). The structures of 1 and 2 were established by spectral data, chemical reactions, and comparison with the literature. Interestingly, significant amounts of hepatotoxic furano neo-clerodane diterpenoids, commonly occurring in Teucrium species, were not detected in the extract. The wide range of biological activities reported in the literature for compounds 1 and 2 and the significant antiradical effects of the extracts give scientific support to the traditional use in Iraqi Kurdistan of T. parviflorum aerial parts for the preparation of herbal remedies.
The species
and
, that are well-known for different uses in traditional medicines and as indoor ornamental plants with air purifying property, are rich sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. In ...fact, a wide variety of phytochemical constituents have been isolated so far from about seventeen species. This paper has reviewed the literature of about 180 steroidal saponins, isolated from
and
species, as a basis for further studies. Saponins are among the most characteristic metabolites isolated from the two genera. They show a great variety in structural motifs and a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-proliferative effects and, in most case, remarkable cytotoxic properties.
The major enzyme responsible for the hydrolytic breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are the most prescribed ...class of medications for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. The limitations of available therapy, like side effects, drug tolerance, and inefficacy in halting disease progression, drive the need for better, more efficacious, and safer drugs. In this study, a series of fourteen novel chalcone-coumarin derivatives (8a-n) were designed, synthesized and characterized by spectral techniques like FT-IR, NMR, and HR-MS. Subsequently, the synthesized compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by Ellman's method. All tested compounds showed AChE inhibition with IC
50
value ranging from 0.201 ± 0.008 to 1.047 ± 0.043 μM. Hybrid 8d having chloro substitution on ring-B of the chalcone scaffold showed relatively better potency, with IC
50
value of 0.201 ± 0.008 μM compared to other members of the series. The reference drug, galantamine, exhibited an IC
50
at 1.142 ± 0.027 μM. Computational studies revealed that designed compounds bind to the peripheral anionic site (PAS), the catalytic active site (CAS), and the mid-gorge site of AChE. Putative binding modes, ligand-enzyme interactions, and stability of the best active compound are studied using molecular docking, followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The cytotoxicity of the synthesised derivatives was determined using the MTT test at three concentrations (100 g/mL, 500 g/mL, and 1 mg/mL). None of the chemicals had a significant effect on the body at the highest dose of 1 mg/mL.
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
In this research, we synthesized new pyrimidine fused quinoline derivatives in high yields using multicomponent reaction of the 2-amino-4-hydroxyacetophenone, isopropenylacetylene, aldehydes, ...malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate, acetaldehyde and dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate in the presence of catalytic amounts of Fe
3
O
4
/KF/Clinoptilolite@MWCNTs magnetic nanocomposites using ionic liquid as green solvent at room temperature. Also, the catalytic activity of the green synthesized Fe
3
O
4
/KF/Clinoptilolite@MWCNTs MNCs was evaluated in the reduction of organic pollutants such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in water at mild conditions. The results indicated that the biosynthesized NCs have very high and effective catalytic activity for organic pollutants within few seconds. The synthesized compounds have NH group in their structure and for this reason have good antioxidant activity. Also, employing Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the disk diffusion procedure confirmed the some pyrimidine fused quinoline derivatives antimicrobial effect. The results showed that synthesized compounds prevented the bacterial growth. This used procedure for preparation of pyrimidine fused quinoline derivatives has some advantages such as low reaction time, product with high yields, simple separation of catalyst and products.
HIGHLIGHTS
Green chemistry is the use of a set of principles to reduce or eliminate the use or generation of unsafe materials in the design, fabrication and applications of chemical products. Among solvents, water is a green solvents and very suitable for performing organic reaction.
The present procedure avoids the use of toxic solvent.
Specially fused N-heterocycles, having privileged motifs like pyrimidine and quinolines, are found in many drugs and bioactive natural products. Hybrid molecules having a pyrimidine ring fused with quinoline are also known as deazaflavins or 5-deazaisoalloxazines.
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