This study tests the validity and reliability of the 51-item Family Disruption from Illness Scale (FDIS) in a sample of 569 rural adults. The Family APGAR, the Family Discord Scale from the Family ...Invulnerability Test, and the Family Quality of Life Scale were used to validate the FDIS as a measure of the impact of illness upon family functioning. The alpha coefficient for the FDIS was .93, and the FDIS correlated significantly in the expected direction with all measures of family functioning: Family APGAR, r = -.23; Family Discord Scale, r = .32; FQOLS, r = -.28. A maximum likelihood solution with varimax rotation delineated seven interpretable factors. The FDIS offers a psychometrically adequate tool that is uncomplicated to administer for the evaluation of a family’s disruption from illness. The study needs to be replicated in other rural settings, urban settings and with more culturally diverse populations. Keywords: family functioning, reliability and validity, measure, illness, rural http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v2i2.471
There are no instruments for validation or evaluation of a member's satisfaction of and benefits with psych-social clubs. This article reports on the development and testing of the mixed-method ...instrument entitled Benefits and Satisfaction Tool for Members of a Psych-social Club (B&ST-MPC), which evolved from findings of a qualitative research study. The alpha reliability coefficient was .92. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin Test yielded a value of .812. The items loaded on 3 factors. Utilization of B&ST-MPC supports development of services for rural communities through feedback from consumers. Further testing of the B&ST-MPC in settings with diverse populations is recommended.
Caring for Mexican-American Clients Ide, Bette
Online journal of rural nursing and health care,
06/2005, Volume:
5, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
There are growing Mexican-American populations in rural areas. This editorial is a continuation of the previous column on communicating with those clients. Dr. Loretta Heuer, associate professor at ...the University of North Dakota, again offers suggestions to help rural nurses in caring for them. One major issue is the use of an interpreter. There are two styles of interpreting, line-by-line and summarizing. Line-by-line interpretation ensures accuracy but takes more time; one can only speak few sentences at a time and must use simple language, no medical jargon. Summarizing is faster and useful in teaching relatively simple health techniques with which the interpreter is already familiar.
This is the first of a series of three columns on communication and care in regard to Mexican-American clients. Dr. Loretta Heuer, associate professor at the University of North Dakota, works and ...does research with migrant Mexican-American farm workers. She offers some suggestions to help rural nurses in their communication with those clients. Out of respect, Mexican Americans frequently avoid direct eye contact with authority figures such as health care providers, particularly if they may perceive the provider to differ in class from themselves. Communication is strongly influenced by "respecto" (respect), which family members may demonstrate by standing when the provider enters the room. Mexican Americans are usually very warm and expressive with family and close friends, and embracing is common. Touch by strangers is generally unappreciated and can be very stressful or perceived as disrespectful. Silence sometimes shows lack of agreement with the plan of care. Nevertheless, handshaking is considered polite and usually welcome. Tone of voice should be respectful and polite, although it is usually reserved in the formal setting. Phrases used are frequently complimentary. It is considered respectful to address individuals formally; the formal Spanish "usted" should be used, especially with elders and married women. Children should be included in introductions. With the establishment of rapport over time, providers may be permitted to be less formal. Mexican Americans are traditionally present-oriented, with social time more present-oriented than business time. In fact, time is viewed as relative to the situation (which allows for their feeling of punctuality even when 15-20 minutes late). The most sensitive issues, including health issues, are kept within the family, and immediate family members may serve as referents for individual concerns. Males disclose less often, and self-disclosure to the same gender individuals is usually more comfortable. The next issue’s column will focus on the various issues involved in using or not using an interpreter.
To adapt research strategies involving adolescents in a grounded theory qualitative research study by conducting email rather than face-to-face interviews.
Adolescent culture relies heavily on ...text-based communication and teens prefer interactions mediated through technology. Traditional qualitative research strategies need to be rethought when working with adolescents. Adapting interviewing strategies to electronic environments is timely and relevant for researching adolescents.
Twenty three adolescents (aged 16-21) were interviewed by email. A letter of invitation was distributed. Potential participants emailed the researcher to convey interest in participating. If the inclusion criteria were met, email interviews were initiated. Participants controlled the interviews through their rate of response to interview questions.
A grounded theory methodology was employed. Initial contact with participants reiterated confidentiality and the ability to withdraw from the study at any time. Interviews began with the collection of demographic information and a broad opening based on a semi-structured interview guide. All data were permissible, including text, photos, music, videos or outside media, for example YouTube. The participant was allowed to give direction to the interview after initial questions were posed. Email interviews continued until saturation was reached in the data.
Participants were enthusiastic about email interviewing. Attrition did not occur. Email interviewing gave participants more control over the research, decreased power differentials between the adolescent and researcher, allowed the study to be adapted to cultural, linguistic and developmental needs, and maintained confidentiality.
As participants said that email communication was slow and they preferred instant messaging, replication in faster-paced media is recommended. Repetition in face-to-face settings is warranted to evaluate how technology may have influenced the findings. Implications for practice/research Adolescents' use of the internet and their preference for textbased communication makes a compelling support for modifying traditional face-to-face qualitative investigations to reflect these changing contextual conditions.
This article aims to present and describe a model of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) health literacy. The model is the conceptual basis for CAM health literacy, which is operationally ...defined as the information about CAM needed to make informed self-management decisions regarding health. Improving health literacy is a national priority, and widespread use of CAM has added to the complexity of this task. There are no currently available models or measures of health literacy regarding CAM. The authors developed the model using an iterative process of deriving concepts, constructs, and empirical indicators from the literature and the author's prior work, review and critique by experts, and revision. The model of CAM health literacy can serve as the basis for future research on the use and efficacy of CAM and the constructs and concepts within it can be used to identify points of intervention for research or for clinical practice. It is anticipated that the model will have scientific and clinical application for assessing health literacy in other self care decision-making situations.
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