(1) Background: This study aimed to assess the global burden of pancreatic cancer attributable to a high BMI in 1990-2019. (2) Methods: An ecological study was carried out. Data about deaths and ...Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) for pancreatic cancer were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. The age-standardized rates (ASRs, per 100,000) were presented. In order to determine trends of pancreatic cancer burden, joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC). (3) Results: The highest ASRs of DALYs of pancreatic cancer were found in the United Arab Emirates (47.5 per 100,000), followed by countries with about 25.0 per 100,000 (such as Hungary, Czechia, and Montenegro). From 1990 to 2019, the ASRs of deaths and DALYs of pancreatic cancer attributable to a high BMI significantly increased (
< 0.001) for both sexes in all ages, and across all SDI quintiles and all GBD regions. The highest fraction of DALYs attributable to a high BMI was found in the United States of America and China (equally about 15.0%), followed by the Russian Federation, India, Germany, and Brazil (about 5.0%, equally). (4) Conclusions: Further analytical epidemiological studies are necessary to elucidate the relationship between pancreatic cancer and a high BMI.
: Dengue is an important public health concern that warrants an examination of the longer-term global trends of its disease burden. The aim of this study was to assess the trends in dengue incidence ...and mortality worldwide over the last three decades.
: A descriptive epidemiological study was carried out, investigating the trends in the incidence and mortality of dengue from 1990 to 2019. The dengue incidence and mortality data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study database. Trends were examined using joinpoint regression analysis.
: Globally, there were 56.7 million new cases of dengue reported in 2019: the disease was diagnosed in 27.4 million males and 29.3 million females. A total of 36,055 (18,993 males and 17,032 females) related deaths were reported worldwide in 2019. In both sexes, about 60% of new cases were recorded in the South-East Asia region (16.3 million in males and 17.4 million in females). Globally, the incidence of dengue exhibited an increasing tendency from 1990 to 2019 in both sexes (equally, by 1.2% per year). A significantly decreasing trend in the mortality of dengue was recorded only in females (by -0.5% per year), while an increasing trend was observed in males (by +0.6% per year).
: The rise in the number of new dengue cases and deaths in the world in the last several decades suggests a need for implementing more effective prevention and management measures.
Although research on burnout syndrome in medical students has increased in recent years, results are inconsistent about which factors are associated with a high risk for burnout syndrome. The aim of ...this study was to assess the prevalence of high risk of burnout syndrome and to identify factors associated with burnout in medical students in preclinical and clinical training.
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Kragujevac, Serbia. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey and an epidemiological questionnaire on basic socio-demographic and academic characteristics were used. Statistical evaluation was performed through logistic regression analysis, using Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI).
Among medical students, no statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of high risk of burnout syndrome in preclinical (14.8%) and clinical grade (15.1%), p > 0.05. High risk for burnout syndrome in preclinical study years was independently associated with the female sex (adjusted OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.19-0.91, p = 0.028), and cigarette smoking (adjusted OR = 2.47, 95%CI = 1.05-5.78, p = 0.038). The high risk of burnout syndrome was associated with sedatives use (adjusted OR = 4.03, 95%CI = 1.27-12.73; p = 0.018) only in clinical years medical students. The frequency of alcohol consumption was correlated with the high risk of burnout syndrome in medical students in both preclinical and clinical training, but without statistical significance (both p for trend < 0.1).
There was a significant prevalence of burnout among medical students, with some modifiable associated factors revealed.
Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer Ilic, Milena; Ilic, Irena
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG,
11/2016, Volume:
22, Issue:
44
Journal Article
Open access
Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates, pancreatic cancer causes more than 331000 deaths per year, ranking as the seventh leading cause ...of cancer death in both sexes together. Globally, about 338000 people had pancreatic cancer in 2012, making it the 11
most common cancer. The highest incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are found in developed countries. Trends for pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality varied considerably in the world. A known cause of pancreatic cancer is tobacco smoking. This risk factor is likely to explain some of the international variations and gender differences. The overall five-year survival rate is about 6% (ranges from 2% to 9%), but this vary very small between developed and developing countries. To date, the causes of pancreatic cancer are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as smoking, obesity, genetics, diabetes, diet, inactivity. There are no current screening recommendations for pancreatic cancer, so primary prevention is of utmost importance. A better understanding of the etiology and identifying the risk factors is essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in both sexes in the world. Improvement of existing therapy modalities and implementing new ones in order to improve survival of ...patients with colorectal cancer represents a great challenge for medicine. The aim of this paper was to assess the impact that adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy has on survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, compared to the use of chemotherapy alone.
Hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined from the studies and pooled. Two-sided p values were reported and considered to indicate statistical significance if less than 0.05.
A total of 12 studies that meet the inclusion criteria were identified in the literature search, 3 phase II studies and 9 phase III studies. Based on the random effects meta-analysis, a statistically significant improvement was identified for both overall survival (HR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74-0.94; p = 0.003) and progression free survival (HR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.55-0.73; p<0.00001) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer when bevacizumab was added to chemotherapy, compared to chemotherapy treatment alone.
The findings of this meta analysis confirm the benefit of adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy in terms of survival and progression free survival, but the magnitude of this effect is not consistent throughout the included studies. This suggests the need for further research of interaction of bevacizumab with chemotherapeutic agents as well as recognition of patients' characteristics important for the treatment selection criteria.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the major global public health issues. According to recent projections, a continued rise in DM prevalence is expected in the following decades. The research has shown ...that DM is associated with poorer outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is growing evidence suggesting that COVID-19 is associated with new-onset DM type 1 and type 2. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the new onset of DM following COVID-19. All identified studies were longitudinal, and they have predominantly shown a significantly increased risk for new-onset DM (both type 1 and type 2) following a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Increased risk of poorer COVID-19 outcomes (mechanical ventilation, death) was noted in persons with new-onset DM following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies investigating risk factors for new-onset DM in COVID-19 patients showed that severe disease, age, ethnicity, ventilation, and smoking habits were associated with DM occurrence. The information summarized in this review presents a valuable source of evidence for healthcare policymakers and healthcare workers in the effort of planning prevention measures for new-onset DM after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the timely identification and appropriate treatment of patients with COVID-19 who could be at greater risk for new-onset DM.
The burnout syndrome may affect academic achievement, but research on burnout and academic success of medical students is sparse. This research aimed to estimate the prevalence of high risk of ...burnout in students of medicine and to investigate its association with academic performance. It included 760 full-time medical students who completed the survey (response rate = 90.9 %). A significant independent predictor for high burnout risk in students with lower grade point average (GPA) was male gender (adjusted OR=2.44; 95 % CI=1.14–5.23; P=0.022). Among students with higher GPA, high burnout risk was associated with the use of sedatives (adjusted OR=6.44; 95 % CI=1.80–22.99; P=0.004).
Brain cancer is a serious issue in the global burden of diseases. This observational research aimed to assess trends of the brain cancer incidence and mortality in the world in the period 1990–2019.
...Brain cancer incidence and mortality data were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study database. The joinpoint regression analysis was done to assess the brain cancer indicence and mortality trends: the average annual percent change (AAPC) along with its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated.
In both sexes, the highest age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality were found in high-income regions (Europe and America), while the lowest were observed in the African Region. A significant rise in brain cancer incidence rates both in males and females was observed in all regions, with one exception of a significantly decreased trend only among males in the South-East Asia Region. Among countries with increased trends in incidence and mortality from brain cancer, Cuba experienced the most marked increase in both incidence (AAPC = +5.7% in males and AAPC = +5.4% in females) and mortality rates (AAPC = +5.5% in males and AAPC = +5.1% in females). Among countries that experienced a decline in brain cancer incidence and mortality, Hungary and Greenland showed the most marked decline in both sexes (equally by −1.0%).
Brain cancer shows increasing global incidence rates in both sexes and represents a priority for prevention and further research.
Epidemiology of stomach cancer Ilic, Milena; Ilic, Irena
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG,
2022-Mar-28, 2022-3-28, 20220328, Volume:
28, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Open access
Despite a decline in incidence and mortality during the last decades, stomach cancer is one of the main health challenges worldwide. According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates, stomach cancer caused ...approximately 800000 deaths (accounting for 7.7% of all cancer deaths), and ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in both genders combined. About 1.1 million new cases of stomach cancer were diagnosed in 2020 (accounting for 5.6% of all cancer cases). About 75% of all new cases and all deaths from stomach cancer are reported in Asia. Stomach cancer is one of the most lethal malignant tumors, with a five-year survival rate of around 20%. There are some well-established risk factors for stomach cancer:
infection, dietary factors, tobacco, obesity, and radiation. To date, the most important way of preventing stomach cancer is reduced exposure to risk factors, as well as screening and early detection. Further research on risk factors can help identify various opportunities for more effective prevention. Screening programs for stomach cancer have been implemented in a few countries, either as a national or opportunistic screening of high-risk individuals only. Generally, due to its high aggressiveness and heterogeneity, stomach cancer still remains a severe global health problem.
Suicide by firearm is a major public health problem in many countries. But, studies that investigated the mortality of suicide by firearm on a global scale are still limited. The aim of this study ...was to assess the global, regional and national trends in mortality of suicide by firearm from 1990 to 2019.
Mortality data of suicide by firearm was presented using the age-standardized rates (ASRs, expressed per 100,000). Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess trends of mortality of suicide by firearm: the average annual percent change (AAPC) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated.
A total of 52,694 (45,110 male and 7584 female) deaths of suicide by firearm were reported worldwide in 2019. The global ASR of suicide by firearm was six-fold higher in males than in females (1.15 per 100,000 and 0.19 per 100,000, respectively), and varied greatly across countries: the highest rates were in Greenland (24.52 per 100,000 and 2.69 per 100,000, respectively) and the United States of America (10.13 per 100,000 and 1.66 per 100,000, respectively), while the lowest rates (0.05 per 100,000 or less) were observed in China, Japan and Singapore. Globally, the mortality of suicide by firearm had a decreasing tendency from 1990 to 2019 in both sexes together (AAPC = -2.0% per year; 95%CI = -2.1 to -1.9).
Decreasing trends in mortality of suicide by firearm were observed in majority of countries across the world, but not in all. Future research should determine more effective ways to further reduce mortality of suicide by firearm.
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