The article is aimed to explore trajectories of charged particles moving under the effect of Lorentz force of Killing magnetic fields (i.e., closed 2-forms corresponding to Killing vector fields) in ...3D
pp
-waves. First, we obtain magnetic trajectories in trivial magnetic background which are nothing but the geodesics of 3D
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-waves. Next, we characterize Killing vector fields and hence explore associated Killing magnetic trajectories in 3D
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-waves. In particular, we explicitly determine Killing magnetic trajectories in 3D Cahen–Wallach space and provide some pictorial examples.
The paper is devoted to explore the trajectories of charged particles varying under the influence of Lorentz force of Killing magnetic fields (i.e., closed 2-form corresponding to Killing vector ...fields) in Egorov 3-spaces. Predominantly, we characterize Killing vector fields and hence determine magnetic trajectories in some Killing magnetic fields on Egorov 3-spaces. We also obtain magnetic trajectories in some Killing magnetic backgrounds on flat Egorov 3-spaces.
This paper is concerned to study normal magnetic trajectories of charged particles which move under the influence of Lorentz force generated by static magnetic fields on de Sitter 3-space
so that our ...study coincides with the theory of magnetostatics in the ambience of Physics. First, we observe how the associated Lorentz force acts on the vector fields in the dynamic Frenet frame or pseudo-orthonormal frame along the trajectory depending on its causality. Based on this, we characterize magnetic trajectories in respect of their Frenet apparatus. Afterwards, we present a geometrical model of hyperbolic quaternions for
where we identified
with a subspace of the Lie group
of hyperbolic quaternions and obtain Killing vector fields on
forming a basis for the concerned six-dimensional Lie algebra. We also characterize Killing vector fields along regular curves in
and observe that they can be extended to Killing vector fields on
(in respect of their causality) and vice-versa. Finally, we characterize and classify normal Killing magnetic trajectories in
in terms of their quasi-slope, curvature and torsion or pseudo-torsion based on their causality.
SUBESCO is an audio-only emotional speech corpus for Bangla language. The total duration of the corpus is in excess of 7 hours containing 7000 utterances, and it is the largest emotional speech ...corpus available for this language. Twenty native speakers participated in the gender-balanced set, each recording of 10 sentences simulating seven targeted emotions. Fifty university students participated in the evaluation of this corpus. Each audio clip of this corpus, except those of Disgust emotion, was validated four times by male and female raters. Raw hit rates and unbiased rates were calculated producing scores above chance level of responses. Overall recognition rate was reported to be above 70% for human perception tests. Kappa statistics and intra-class correlation coefficient scores indicated high-level of inter-rater reliability and consistency of this corpus evaluation. SUBESCO is an Open Access database, licensed under Creative Common Attribution 4.0 International, and can be downloaded free of charge from the web link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4526477.
The recent research in hybrid nanomaterials brings multidisciplinary applications in enhancing the heat transfer phenomenon, engineering applications, cooling systems, energy generation, etc. The ...literature survey claims that various models for hybrid nanofluids are suggested with interaction of viscous materials. However, the decomposition of non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluids is more interesting and valuable in industrial and engineering processes. Based on such dynamical applications of non-Newtonian hybrid nanomaterials, current model endorsed the thermal assessment of decomposition of Williamson (non-Newtonian) hybrid nanofluid in complex wavy channel with assessment of various shape factors. The properties of base materials are discussed by glycerin liquid subject to the copper and aluminum oxide hybrid particles. The joule heating and magnetic force interferences are encountered. Furthermore, detection for interesting shape features like blades, platelets, cylinders and bricks are discussed. For creeping flow phenomenon, the modeling of problem is summarized by using the long wavelength assumptions. The shooting scheme is utilized for simulating the governing flow system. Physical properties of presented model are discussed with heat transport phenomenon. The contour plots and stream functions are presented. It is observed that the pumping and heat transfer coefficient reduces due to magnetic parameter. An enhancement thermal phenomenon has been predicted due to solid volume fraction. Furthermore, for heat transfer assessment is comparatively slower for bricks-shape nanoparticles as compared to blades nanomaterial. The obtained results present applications in the blood flow, heat pumping systems, medical images, angiography, pulse pumping, etc.
This article argues that Stage-Gate controls have the potential of restricting learning in a new product development project and thus hurting the performance of novel new products. Specifically, the ...authors examine whether control on new product development exercised through rigorous gate review criteria increases project inflexibility, which in turn leads to increased failure to learn. They also focus on whether the effect of project inflexibility is worsened when there is turbulence in the firm's technological and market environment. Furthermore, the authors study whether failure to learn can have an adverse effect on new product performance when the product is novel. Finally, they examine whether a certain relaxation in gate evaluation (gate conditionality) that has been suggested recently mitigates the adverse effect of rigorously enforced controls. The results, which are based on a survey of 120 projects that used the Stage-Gate process for new product development, show that repeated application of strictly enforced and objective evaluation criteria for improved control makes projects more inflexible. Gate conditionality does not mitigate the adverse effect of gate review criteria. Project inflexibility leads to learning failure, and this effect is worsened when the technological environment of the firm is turbulent. In turn, learning failure adversely affects the market performance of novel new products.
Biotic systems face immense environmental hazards such as accumulation of heavy metals, particularly in agricultural ecosystems that might cause deterioration of yield and quality of crops. In this ...study, we evaluated the role of silicon (Si) in alleviating the heavy metal (Cd) stress tolerance in cotton by analyzing the induced Physio-chemical changes. Cotton plants were grown in hydroponic culture with three different Cd levels (0, 1 and 5μM) along with two Si treatment levels (0 and 1mM). The data showed that Cd alone reduced the plant growth as well as the efficiency of antioxidant activity as compared to control plants. Plant growth, gas exchange characteristics (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency) chlorophyll contents, and carotenoids as well as the performance of antioxidant enzymes were improved by the exogenous application of Si. The adverse effects of Cd on plant growth were alleviated by the exogenous application of Si. It was observed that Si effectively mitigated the adverse effects of Cd on cotton plants and markedly enhanced the growth, biomass and photosynthetic parameters while decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electrolytic leakage (EL). The antioxidant enzyme activities in cotton leaves and roots increased significantly, when Si was added to control as well as Cd stressed plants. In conclusion, Si improved the growth and photosynthesis attributes of cotton plants by mitigating the adverse effects of Cd stress through reduced EL, MDA and H2O2 contents and improved activities of antioxidant enzymes.
•Si application alleviated Cd toxicity in cotton plants.•Cd stress caused oxidative stress inboth leaves and roots.•Exogenous Si alleviated oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity.•Si decreased the uptake of Cd in cotton plants.•Si could be a candidate for Cd detoxification in cotton.
Global climate models (GCMs) of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) has designed with new socioeconomic pathway scenarios to incorporate the socioeconomic changes along with greenhouse ...gas emissions to project future climate. Performance of 35 GCMs of CMIP6 was evaluated in this study in replicating APHRODITE rainfall in the Mainland South-East Asia (MSEA) for the period 1975–2014. Compromised programming (CP) based on four spatial statistical metrics were used for the ranking of the GCMs and Jenk's natural break classification was employed to find the most suitable subset of GCMs for MSEA. The results showed that majority of CMIP6 GCMs can capture the rainfall climatological of MSEA. The performance of the GCMs was different in terms of different metrics. Integration of all metrics using CP showed MRI-ESM2-0, EC-Earth3 and EC-Earth3-Veg as the most suitable subset of GCMs for rainfall projections in MSEA. The performance assessment of the selected GCMs revealed their ability to simulate the annual mean rainfall climatology in the central and southern region of MSEA with a bias less than 25%. Relatively higher biases (−25 to −75%) were noticed in the western coastal region of Myanmar where observed rainfall is the highest. The identified CMIP6 GCMs can be employed for climate change projections and impact assessments in MSEA after correcting the associated biases.
•Performance of CMIP6 GCMs are evaluated for Mainland Southeast Asia using spatial metrics.•Compromise programming is used for composite ranking of GCMs based on spatial metrics.•Jenks optimization is used to recommend the best subset of GCMs for the region.•Three CMIP6 GCMs are most suitable for simulating historical precipitation with least bias.
Abstract
The studies of metal oxides in environmental remediation of chemical and biological pollutants are gaining colossal importance. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of multifunctional ...copper oxide nanosheets (CuO NS) using an aqueous extract of
Rhazya stricta.
The phytochemical investigation of
R. stricta
indicated the presence of saponins, tannins, and reducing sugars, responsible for the reduction and stabilization of CuO NS. A UV–Visible spectrophotometer initially confirmed the fabrication of CuO NS with specific Surface Plasmon Resonance at 294 nm. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR, and XRD were further used to characterize the CuO NS. The obtained CuO NS were poly-dispersed with an average size of 20 nm. Interestingly these particles were aligned together in 3D cubical sheets layered above each other via self-assembly. The as-synthesized CuO NS showed enhanced antibacterial potential (17.63 mm, overall mean inhibition zone) in comparison to the known antibiotics (11.51 mm, overall mean inhibition zone) against both
Solanaceous
crop's wilt-causing bacteria (
Ralstonia solanacearum
and
Clavibacter michiganensis
). Furthermore, the appreciable photocatalytic potential of CuO NS has also been observed, causing 83% degradation of methylene blue (MB) upon solar irradiation. The synthesis methodology is devoid of any toxic waste or by-products. It could be used to produce eco-friendly CuO nanomaterial for industrial uses.
Cattle ticks are an important constraint on livestock production, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. Use of synthetic acaricides is the primary method of tick control; therefore, it ...would be imperative to develop strategies to preserve the efficacy of existing acaricides. This paper summarizes the status of acaricide resistance in cattle ticks from different parts of the world and reviews modes of action of currently used acaricides, mechanism of resistance development, contributory factors for the development and spread of resistance, management of resistant strains and strategies to prolong the effect of the available acaricides. Use of vaccines, synthetic and botanical acaricides and educating farmers about recommended tick control practices are discussed, along with the integration of currently available options for the management of drug resistance and, ultimately, the control of cattle ticks.
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