Prilog se bavi prefiksom aus- u nemačkom jeziku, kao i njegovim ekvivalentima u srpskom jeziku. Polazni jezik istraživanja je, dakle, nemački, a ciljni srpski. Detaljnom analizom korpusa koji sadrži ...reprezentativni broj glagola sa prefiksom aus- (preko 400 glagola), dolazi se do zaključka da je broj mogućih značenja ovog prefiksa veći od navedenog u dostupnoj literaturi. Stoga se glagoli sa prefiksom aus- svrstavaju u deset različitih semantičkih klasa. Na taj način se dolazi do direktnog upoređivanja podataka u oba jezika, što dovodi do utvrđivanja sličnosti i razlika u vezi sa značenjem tzv. aus-glagola (Aus-Verben). Rezultati ovog priloga bi mogli da nađu upotrebu u nastavi nemačkog jezika kao stranog, ali i u okviru studija germanistike.
•The traditional driver training and new GDL systems in Serbia were compared.•GDL drivers reported safer attitudes toward traffic rule violations and speed.•GDL drivers showed higher levels of risk ...perception and less exposure to risky situations.•Differences between GDL and non-GDL drivers regarding reported crashes were not identified.•Discrepancies between GDL and non-GDL drivers in terms of transient violations were not revealed.•Disparities between GDL and non-GDL drivers in terms of fixed violations were not detected.
Introduction: Young novice drivers have higher rates of engagement in road crashes worldwide, often owing to unfavorable attitudes toward road safety or lack of knowledge, experience, and risk consciousness. However, the implementation of graduated driver licensing (GDL) systems has proven effective in reducing the high incidence of young drivers involved in crashes. Method: The purpose of this study was to compare the change in driving outcomes (e.g., attitudes toward traffic safety, behavior patterns while driving, risk assessment in traffic, assessment of personal driving skills, and involvement in traffic crashes) of young drivers prior to and following the implementation of a GDL law. Respondents (n = 642) completed a battery of questions, including a driver attitudes questionnaire (Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale), a self-assessed driving ability questionnaire, and a risk perception questionnaire. Of the total sample size, 324 drivers passed the old system of training driver’s license candidates, and 318 drivers passed the new GDL system. Results: The results showed that drivers licensed with GDL reported safer attitudes toward traffic rule violations and speed, and higher levels of safety orientation with regard to their driving abilities. They also reported much higher levels of risk perception and lower exposure to risky situations (risky driving exposure). There were no differences between GDL drivers and non-GDL drivers in terms of self-reported crashes or transient or fixed violations. In addition, GDL was not related to the number of traffic crashes, the number of fatalities, or serious and slight injuries in crashes involving young drivers in crashes obtained from official records. Conclusions: The results suggest that GDL contributed to the improvement of drivers’ attitudes and understanding of risk but did not contribute to significant changes in the behavior of young drivers and traffic crashes. In addition, the GDL program in Serbia only ranks fair on the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) scale. Strengthening the GDL program in Serbia with additional components in line with GDL programs rated as good by the IIHS scale could improve the safety of young and novice drivers in traffic.
Speeding behavior is recognized as one of the three main causes of risk on the roads and the most frequent ordinary violation among truck drivers. The study reported in this article focused on the ...driving anger personality trait and its role in predicting the observed speeding behavior in a sample of truck drivers.
A longitudinal study design was implemented, where 93 Serbian truck drivers filled in an adapted form of the Driving Anger Scale designed to assess the amount of driving anger evoked by specific traffic situations. The drivers' second-by-second speeding behavior data were captured using GPS tracking and recording devices installed in the vehicles over a period of six months. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was used to examine the predictive performance of driving anger.
The results showed that more than three fourths of the exceeded speed ranged from 1 to 9 km/h and the highest percentage of speed events occurred in urban areas. The findings suggest that truck drivers experienced the highest level of anger in driving because of the discourteous and illegal behavior of other drivers. Younger truck drivers are more likely to drive fast compared to older drivers. Truck drivers who perform driving tasks more often and spend less time driving are more likely to participate in speed events. The results revealed that the subscales of anger, hostile gestures and traffic obstructions have a positive effect, while slow driving has a negative effect on the observed speeding behavior of truck drivers.
This study confirms the predictive performance of driving anger facets. The results of the research can help us improve our understanding of the mechanisms of speeding behavior of truck drivers.
Млади возачи почетници имају већу стопе учешћа у саобраћајним незгодама широм света, често због неповољних ставова о безбедности на путевима или недостатка знања, искуства и свести о ризику. Примена ...степенованог система возачких дозвола (ГДЛ) показала се ефикасном у покушају да смањи високу учесталост младих возача у саобраћајним незгодама.Циљ истраживања је упоређивање промене у исходима вожње (нпр. ставови према безбедности у саобраћају, обрасци понашања током вожње, процена ризика у саобраћају, процена личних возачких вештина и учешће у саобраћајним незгодама) код младих возача пре и после примене новог система обукеИспитаници (н = 642) су попунили низ упитника, укључујући ставове возача, скалу понашања младих возача почетника, упитник самопроцењене способности за вожњу и упитник за перцепцију ризика. Од укупне величине узорка, 324 возача прошло је стари систем обуке кандидата за вожњу, а 318 возача прошло је нови ГДЛ систем обуке кандидата за вожњу. Факторске анализе коришћене су за процену психометријских перформанси мерних инструмената. Тест ANCOVA и методе регресије коришћени су за испитивање разлике између младих возача који су имали дозволу пре и после увођења новог система обуке Резултати су показали да су возачи лиценцирани са ГДЛ-ом пријавили безбедније ставове према кршењима саобраћајних правила и брзини и вишем нивоу безбедносне оријентације у погледу својих возачких способности. Такође, пријавили су много већи ниво перцепције ризика и мању изложеност ризичним ситуацијама (ризична изложеност у вожњи). Није било разлика у погледу саобраћајних незгода и прелазних и фиксних прекршаја.У закључку, ово истраживање пружа одређене доказе који подржавају спровођење новог система обуке возача. Резултати истраживања могу се потенцијално користити за даљи развој програма ГДЛ и побољшање безбедности младих возача почетника.
Seed infection caused by
spp. is one of the major threats to the seed quality and yield of agricultural crops, including garden peas. The use of
spp. with multiple antagonistic and plant ...growth-promoting (PGP) abilities represents a potential disease control strategy. This study was performed to evaluate the biocontrol potential of new
spp. rhizosphere isolates against two
strains affecting garden peas. Six
isolates identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as
(B42),
(B43),
(B44, B46),
(B50), and
(B66) showed the highest in vitro inhibition of
PS1 and
PS18 growth (over 40%). The selected
isolates possessed biosynthetic genes for endoglucanase (B42, B43, B50), surfactin (B43, B44, B46), fengycin (B44, B46), bacillomycin D (B42, B50), and iturin (B42), and were able to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, and cellulase. Two isolates,
B43 and
B50, had the highest effect on final germination, shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and seedling vigor index of garden peas as compared to the control. Their individual or combined application reduced seed infection and increased seed germination in the presence of
PS1 and
PS18, both after seed inoculation and seed bio-priming. The most promising results were obtained in the cases of the bacterial consortium, seed bio-priming, and the more pathogenic strain PS18. The novel
isolates may be potential biocontrol agents intended for the management of
seed-borne diseases.
Honey's unique qualities should last for several years when properly stored. Therefore, it is up to manufacturers to choose the right shelf life for their product while also considering the product's ...nature. Physicochemical parameters (water content, electrical conductivity, free acidity, pH, ash, water-insoluble matter, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), sugar content and composition, and diastase activity) were analyzed in 24 samples of sunflower honey collected from several localities in Vojvodina, Serbia. Crystallization indices were also calculated. Furthermore, the impact of eighteen months of room temperature storage (22 ± 2 °C) in a dark place on selected physicochemical parameters (water, HMF, diastase activity, pH value, and free acidity) was investigated. The results of the initial test indicated that the tested samples of sunflower honey from Vojvodina is of good quality because the parameters under examination revealed results that were within the legal bounds of both national and European legislations. Eighteen months of storage at room temperature reduced diastase activity by 2 times, increased HMF content by about 17 times, and decreased the pH value of honey from a mean value of 3.66 to 3.56. The water content was relatively stable at 17.01% before storage and 16.29% after storage. The storage of sunflower honey did not have an impact on the free acidity.
Although fumonisins are toxic and carcinogenic mold products that contaminate feed, food, and water, their photodegradation has not yet been reported. In this work, the efficiency of photolysis (UV, ...UV/H
2
O
2
, and UV/
S
2
O
8
2
−
) and photocatalysis (TiO
2
(Degussa P25/Wackherr) and ZnO) for the degradation of fumonisins in an aqueous medium were investigated. In the case of fumonisin B
1
(FB
1
) optimal conditions in terms of pH, the initial concentrations of H
2
O
2
/
S
2
O
8
2
−
for UV, UV/H
2
O
2
, and UV/
S
2
O
8
2
−
treatments were investigated. The photocatalytic degradation using TiO
2
Wackherr as catalyst at natural pH (about 8) proved to be the most efficient treatment for removal of FB
1
and FB
3
. Namely, during the first 30 min of irradiation, 99% of FB
1
(1.39 μM) was degraded, while FB
3
(0.425 μM) was completely removed during the first 20 min of irradiation. In the case of FB
2
(0.687 μM), UV/
S
2
O
8
2
−
was the most efficient treatment, and complete removal occurred in the first 90 min of irradiation. All applied treatments for fumonisins removal have followed pseudo-first-order kinetics under the relevant experimental conditions. Toxicity of fumonisins and their mixtures formed during photodegradation were investigated using mammalian cell lines (BHK, H-4-II-E, Neuro-2a, and MRC-5). The BHK cell line was the most sensitive to fumonisins, especially FB
2
and FB
3
, and its photodegradation mixtures.
•A review of nutritional and health benefit properties of donkey milk has been performed.•Fat, cholesterol and protein contents are low in donkey milk.•Minerals and vitamins contents are high in ...donkey milk.•It is rich in lysozyme, essential fatty acids and shows strong antioxidant activity.•New updated clinical trials based on use of donkey milk in human nutrition are necessary.
The donkey milk has a remarkable similarity to human milk, in addition to its valuable nutritional composition and content of numerous immune factors. The donkey milk is the subject of research worldwide, and data from the literature suggest significant differences with respect to the contents of individual components. However, some basic characteristics of donkey milk have been established: low contents of fat and cholesterol, total proteins and casein and high contents of lactose, whey proteins, calcium, selenium, and Vitamin D3. The donkey milk is rich in various protective proteins (α-lactalbumin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and immunoglobulins), and shows strong antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, hypoglycemic, antiparasitic, and antitumor activity. Donkey milk can be considered functional food, having in mind that its fatty-acid profile and content of essential fatty acids are beneficial for cardiac health. The total fat content in donkey milk is low compared to human milk, and for this reason it is necessary to enrich donkey milk with other fat in order to provide enough calories in a diet for children. Commercialization of donkey milk and dairy products is still limited due to low production levels, that is lack of products on the market, and lack of product information. Considering the research data from the literature, there is a need for human clinical trials in order to obtain a stronger evidence of the therapeutic properties of donkey milk.
Seed infection caused by Fusarium spp. is one of the major threats to the seed quality and yield of agricultural crops, including garden peas. The use of Bacillus spp. with multiple antagonistic and ...plant growth-promoting (PGP) abilities represents a potential disease control strategy. This study was performed to evaluate the biocontrol potential of new Bacillus spp. rhizosphere isolates against two Fusarium strains affecting garden peas. Six Bacillus isolates identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as B. velezensis (B42), B. subtilis (B43), B. mojavensis (B44, B46), B. amyloliquefaciens (B50), and B. halotolerans (B66) showed the highest in vitro inhibition of F. proliferatum PS1 and F. equiseti PS18 growth (over 40%). The selected Bacillus isolates possessed biosynthetic genes for endoglucanase (B42, B43, B50), surfactin (B43, B44, B46), fengycin (B44, B46), bacillomycin D (B42, B50), and iturin (B42), and were able to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, and cellulase. Two isolates, B. subtilis B43 and B. amyloliquefaciens B50, had the highest effect on final germination, shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and seedling vigor index of garden peas as compared to the control. Their individual or combined application reduced seed infection and increased seed germination in the presence of F. proliferatum PS1 and F. equiseti PS18, both after seed inoculation and seed bio-priming. The most promising results were obtained in the cases of the bacterial consortium, seed bio-priming, and the more pathogenic strain PS18. The novel Bacillus isolates may be potential biocontrol agents intended for the management of Fusarium seed-borne diseases.
The paper evaluates the performance of open-end mutual funds in the Republic of Serbia in the period 2011-2015, using various modelling approaches based on different models. The aim of this paper is ...to examine the theoretical, methodological and empirical validity of active portfolio management of mutual funds and to assess the presence of selection and timing abilities of Serbian portfolio managers. The results of the empirical research show that the active portfolio management of mutual funds in the Republic of Serbia has not been successful in terms of outperforming the market. Portfolio managers of most Serbian mutual funds lack the ability to choose profitable securities and do not have market timing ability.
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