Recent developments of snake robots have seen increasing interest in the aid of robotic systems to assist in disaster operations. This paper presents a design of snake robot for dynamic optimization ...to maneuver in various environments. The robot makes utilization of the friction between the body of the robot and the environment to move in. The components of snake robot chassis fabricated using 3D printing. Environment parameters such as temperature and moisture can be used to analysis the hazardous scenario. Obstacle avoidance techniques were also incorporated. Such a model was also simulated using the V-REP to verify its movements capabilities and to compare with real-time operation. Zig-bee module were utilized to wirelessly control the snake robot in remote areas for search and rescue operations. This paper describes the dynamic optimization of snake robot and presents experimental results of the robot locomotion through various environments.
Application of Integral Calculus in Kinematics Sathyapriya, S.; Jeevanantham, P.; Mukesh, M. ...
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology,
9/2019
Journal Article
Open access
Kinematics is the study of the motion of mechanical points, bodies and systems without consideration of their associated physical properties and the forces acting on them. The study is often referred ...to as the geometry of motion, and it models these motions mathematically using algebra. The systems in kinematics are modeled to calculate such things as speeds and ratios. Kinematics is very useful in the conceptual design of mechanical systems. Initial geometries and velocities of bodies are a part of the model. While kinematics can help determine whether a design is theoretically possible, there are more complexities when designing something for the real world. Without consideration of materials, and the forces acting upon them, many theoretically possible designs would be prone to failure. Kinetics, in contrast to kinematics, does consider physical properties such as the mass of the bodies or the forces driving them. Kinetics is logically deduced from kinematics by way of algebraic calculation of physical properties and forces. Kinetics takes into account physical forces and properties including material properties, like mass rigidity, and tensile or compressive strength.
Purpose
Hospital-associated disability (HAD) is significant among geriatric patients admitted to acute care hospitals. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of additional ...weekend physiotherapy on mobility impairments of high-risk older patients admitted to the acute medical unit.
Methods
A prospective, non-randomized controlled trial was conducted in one of the medical units in a northern Ontario hospital. A total of 41 patients were recruited using a consecutive sampling method and assigned to a control group (n = 19) and an experimental group (n = 22). The de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI) and the Barthel Index (BI) were the outcome measures.
Results
A Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the group differences, and it showed that there was a statistically significant difference (p < .05) between the experimental and control groups on the DEMMI and the BI.
Conclusion
Additional weekend physiotherapy significantly improves elderly patients’ physical function and gets them physically ready for discharge when medically stable. This may significantly reduce the alternate level of care for patients.
Release of pollutants due to inflating anthropogenic activities has a conspicuous effect on the environment. As water is uniquely vulnerable to pollution, water pollution control has received a ...considerable attention among the most critical environmental challenges. Diverse sources such as heavy metals, dyes, pathogenic and organic compounds lead to deterioration in water quality. Demand for the pollutant free water has created a greater concern in water treatment technologies. The pollutants can be mitigated through physical, chemical and biological methodologies thereby alleviating the health and environmental effects caused. Diverse technologies for wastewater treatment with an accentuation on pre-treatment of feedstock and post treatment are concisely summed up. Pollutants present in the water can be removed by processes some of which include filtration, reverse osmosis, degasification, sedimentation, flocculation, precipitation and adsorption. Membrane separation and adsorption methodologies utilized to control water pollution and are found to be more effective than conventional methods and established recovery processes. This audit relatively features different methodologies that show remarkable power of eliminating pollutants from wastewater. This review describes recent research development on wastewater treatment and its respective benefits/applications in field scale were discussed. Finally, the difficulties in the enhancement of treatment methodologies for pragmatic commercial application are recognized and the future viewpoints are introduced.
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•Effects of water pollution are highlighted.•Major toxic pollutants and their sources and effects have been discussed.•The various pollution control technologies have been explained.•Membrane separation and adsorption processes have been highlighted.•The research gap in the treatment methods are highlighted.
Nowadays, the accumulation of toxic heavy metals in soil and water streams is considered a serious environmental problem that causes various harmful effects on plants and animals. Phytoremediation is ...an effective, green, and economical bioremediation approach by which the harmful heavy metals in the contaminated ecosystem can be detoxified and accumulated in the plant. Hyperaccumulators exude molecules called transporters that carry and translocate the heavy metals present in the soil to different plant parts. The hyperaccumulator plant genes can confine higher concentrations of toxic heavy metals in their tissues. The efficiency of phytoremediation relies on various parameters such as soil properties (pH and soil type), organic matters in soil, heavy metal type, nature of rhizosphere, characteristics of rhizosphere microflora, etc. The present review comprehensively discusses the toxicity effect of heavy metals on the environment and different phytoremediation mechanisms for the transport and accumulation of heavy metals from polluted soil. This review gave comprehensive insights into plants tolerance for the higher heavy metal concentration their responses for heavy metal accumulation and the different mechanisms involved for heavy metal tolerance. The current status and the characteristic features that need to be improved in the phytoremediation process are also reviewed in detail.
Nanotechnology has become one of the emerging multi-disciplinary fields receiving universal attention and playing a substantial role in agriculture, environment and pharmacology. In spite of various ...techniques employed for nanoparticle synthesis such as laser ablation, mechanical milling, spinning and chemical deposition, usage of hazardous chemicals and expensiveness of the process makes it unsuitable for the continuous production. Hence the necessity of sustainable, economic and environment friendly approach development have increased in recent years. Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles connecting microbiology and nanotechnology is one of the green techniques employed for sustainable production. Gold, silver and other metal nanoparticles like platinum, palladium, molybdenum nanoparticles biosynthesis by bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae have been reported in the present review. On account of microbial rich community, several microbes have been explored for the production of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are also employed for environmental remediation processes such as pollutant removal and detection of contaminants. Lack of monodispersity and prolonged duration of synthesis are the limitations of bio-synthesis process which can be overcome by optimization of methods of microbial cultivation and its extraction techniques. The current review describes the different microbes involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles and its environmental applications.
•Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles by microorganisms are discussed in detail.•The review has been produced with top-down and bottom-down approaches for nanoparticle synthesis.•Current limitations and prospects of microbial nanoparticle synthesis is critically reviewed.•This review discusses on environmental applications of microbial synthesized nanoparticles.
Emerging concern regarding the remediation of environmental pollution has expanded tremendously in recent years. Pharmaceutical industries and agricultural sectors release an enormous amount of ...residues containing toxic pollutants at trace levels which poses a serious impact on the environment and human health. To cope with the effect of hazardous and toxic contaminants, numerous methodologies have been developed for the treatment of effluents released from the agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Amongst them, photocatalysis has gained much more attention for the degradation of pollutants due to its low cost, higher capability, green and eco-friendly approaches. Photocatalysts are the substrate that plays a key role in pollutant removal through photocatalysis by accelerating the necessary chemical reactions using a light source. In this review, the recent progress on photocatalysis and its fundamental mechanism in agrochemicals and pharmaceutical pollutant degradation was summarized. This review concisely discusses the incorporation of various metal oxides and nanomaterials into semiconductors for the effective degradation of contaminants. The current status and future research on different sectors and the difficulties in the photocatalytic removal of agrochemical and pharmaceutical pollutants are also reviewed in detail.
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