The Swiss Medical Association FMH drew up the strategy "Planetary health - Strategy on the courses of action on climate change for the medical profession in Switzerland" in collaboration with the ...Swiss Institute for Medical Education SIME, the umbrella organisations and students. On 7 October 2021, the strategy was approved by the Swiss Medical Chamber with a budget of over CHF 380,000 (approx € 365,000). The first step in implementation involved setting up an advisory group which will tackle the concrete implementation of the strategy. This article provides an insight into the current state of work on the project with a focus on the measures in the areas of postgraduate medical training and continuing medical education. It is a work in progress.
To develop a behavioural observation method to simultaneously assess distractors and communication/teamwork during surgical procedures through direct, on-site observations; to establish the ...reliability of the method for long (>3 h) procedures.
Observational categories for an event-based coding system were developed based on expert interviews, observations and a literature review. Using Cohen's κ and the intraclass correlation coefficient, interobserver agreement was assessed for 29 procedures. Agreement was calculated for the entire surgery, and for the 1st hour. In addition, interobserver agreement was assessed between two tired observers and between a tired and a non-tired observer after 3 h of surgery.
The observational system has five codes for distractors (door openings, noise distractors, technical distractors, side conversations and interruptions), eight codes for communication/teamwork (case-relevant communication, teaching, leadership, problem solving, case-irrelevant communication, laughter, tension and communication with external visitors) and five contextual codes (incision, last stitch, personnel changes in the sterile team, location changes around the table and incidents). Based on 5-min intervals, Cohen's κ was good to excellent for distractors (0.74-0.98) and for communication/teamwork (0.70-1). Based on frequency counts, intraclass correlation coefficient was excellent for distractors (0.86-0.99) and good to excellent for communication/teamwork (0.45-0.99). After 3 h of surgery, Cohen's κ was 0.78-0.93 for distractors, and 0.79-1 for communication/teamwork.
The observational method developed allows a single observer to simultaneously assess distractors and communication/teamwork. Even for long procedures, high interobserver agreement can be achieved. Data collected with this method allow for investigating separate or combined effects of distractions and communication/teamwork on surgical performance and patient outcomes.
Summary There is empirical evidence that leadership has a positive influence on resuscitation performance. Nevertheless, shortcomings in establishing and enacting leadership are amongst the most ...important complaints after resuscitations. Leadership behaviours during resuscitation have to be adapted to task and coordination requirements that change during the resuscitation process. We suggest that different leadership behaviours are important in the initiation and the maintenance phase of resuscitation. The main leadership challenges in the initiation phase are (1) to establish a leadership structure and (2) to integrate arriving group members while at the same time, the resuscitation has to be started; as well as (3) to swiftly pass on the lead to an arriving, more competent team member, if necessary. The main leadership challenges in the maintenance phase are (4) to assure that the global perspective is maintained and that the resuscitation guidelines are properly followed; (5) this includes encouraging seamless cooperation to avoid unnecessary interruptions. Leaders in resuscitation not only need to build a behavioural repertoire, but also need to be aware that leadership needs to be task-contingent to respond to specific cooperation requirements at different times in the process.
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