Manual screening of large-scale histopathological images is an extremely time-consuming, laborious and subjective procedure. Accurate evaluation of diagnostic information from multi-color stained ...images requires expertise due to the complex nature of histopathology and the lack of quantifiable measurement. In this work, a novel deep learning method is developed based on a convolutional siamese network, in which the information quantification task is transformed into a similarity assessment between lesion and non-lesion patterns on histopathological images. The subtle changes underlying the microstructure of tissue biopsies can be captured through an optimization of training loss within a low-to-high-level feature space. A new information score is introduced to quantify the abnormality in tissue appearance and stain pattern. Experiments on 3 independent data cohorts including 5 types of color-stained images demonstrate that our method can achieve promising performance compared with state-of-the-art methods. Results show that the proposed information score can serve as an effective measure to evaluate the importance of multi-stained images, and ultimately facilitate automatic diagnosis for clinical multi-stained histopathology.
•An automatic method is presented for quantifying multi-stained histopathological images.•A new information score is computed to evaluate diagnostic information.•The classification provides supplementary opinion in the cross-slide pathology diagnosis.•The method can serve as a generalized framework to analyze different histology subtypes.
Karsch (
K), is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used for a long history for the treatment of many diseases, such as inflammation, pain and cancer. In this study, DKK-SP1/2/3 ...genes were screened and extracted from the cDNA library of
K. The DKK-SP1/2/3 were expressed by using plasmid pSYPU-1b in
BL21, and recombinant proteins were obtained by column chromatography. In the xylene-induced mouse ear swelling and carrageenan-induced rat paw swelling model, DKK-SP1 exerted a significant anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the expression of Nav1.8 channel. Meanwhile, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (COX-2, IL-6) was decreased significantly and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) were elevated significantly. Moreover, DKK-SP1 could significantly decrease the Nav1.8 current in acutely isolated rat DRG neurons. In the acetic acid-writhing and ION-CCI model, DKK-SP2 displayed significant analgesic activity by inhibiting the expression of the Nav1.7 channel. Moreover, DKK-SP2 could significantly inhibit the Nav1.7 current in the hNav1.7-CHO cells.
This paper presents a smartphone-based binaural hearing aid architecture for improving the speech intelligibility of hearing aid users. The proposed system consists of an earpiece, a smartphone and ...an application that performs real-time speech enhancement. The speaker's voice, which is picked up by the microphone of the earpiece that is worn on the ear, is transmitted to the smartphone via wireless technology. After the speech intelligibility is improved in real time by the deep learning speech enhancement application, it is returned to the earpiece and generates sound. Deep learning speech enhancement algorithms can be used without performing burdensome calculations on the processors in the hearing aid. The results showed that the average usage of the central processing unit in the smartphone was approximately 26%, and the signal-to-noise ratios improve by at least 20%. The presented objective and subjective results show that the proposed method achieves comparatively more noise suppression without distorting the audio.
Sleep staging is important for assessing sleep quality. So far, many scholars have tried to achieve automatic sleep staging by using neural networks. However, most researchers only perform sleep ...staging based on artificial neural networks and their variant models, which can not fully mine and model the bio-electrical signals. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid spiking neural network (HSNN) model for automatic sleep staging. Specifically, we use a spiking neural network to classify sleep EEG signals. In addition, we adopt a hybrid macro/micro back propagation algorithm, aiming to overcome the limitations of existing error back propagation methods for spiking neural network. In order to verify the effectiveness of HSNN, we evaluate it on the public sleep dataset ISRUC-SLEEP (Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra-Sleep). The results show that the proposed method achieves satisfactory performance on ISRUC-SLEEP.
•The dispersion stability of γ-alumina can be maintained by its electrostatic repulsion.•Anionic surfactants worsen the stability, while cationic and nonionic surfactants improve the stability.•The ...concentration of surfactant affects the improvement effect.•The addition of alkaline solution accelerated the deterioration of its stability.
To greatly improve the thermal performance and critical heat flux of heat transfer, nanofluids are widely used as heat transfer medium in many engineering applications. However, the main challenge is to establish well dispersed nanoparticle systems in base fluids. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the nanoparticle dispersion in different surfactant modification and pH value. In detail, pure γ-alumina(γ-Al2O3) nanofluids were produced by dispersing γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles in deionized water using a two-step method. Three surfactants (nonionic Tween 60, cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SBDS)) were respectively selected as an agent for nanofluid quality stabilization. Based on a visual inspection, ζ potential and spectral absorbance analysis, the optimal surfactant concentration and pH value were observed. The results show that the dispersion of γ-Al2O3 nanofluids depends strongly on type and amount of dispersant, the absolute value of ζ potential and the absorbency of γ-Al2O3 nanofluids with CTAB dispersion are highest at the critical micelle concentration. The stability behavior of the nanofluids with different dispersant are also investigated at different pH by the techniques of ζ potential. It was observed that when the pH value is lower than the point of zero charge (PZC), γ-Al2O3 particles are positively charged, and the electrostatic repulsive force between particles is enough to prevent the attraction and collision between particles, ζ potential is at a high level.
To probe deeply into the underlying mechanism of flight delay propagation, we construct the delay propagation networks among airports via refined nonlinear Granger causality, which is more fitting on ...nonlinear airport delay data and obtain more precise causal estimation. Specifically, the causal analysis method is used to determine the delay propagation relationship between airports. The delay propagation relationship of these airport pairs constitutes an airport delay propagation network, in which the nodes and edges of the network, respectively, represent the specific airport and the delay propagation relationship between airports. Complex network theory is then applied to analyse the global structure of delay propagation networks, indicating that small airports are inclined to cause or exacerbate delays. In addition, the airlines' delay propagation networks display that the delay propagation by large airlines spread wider while the delay propagation by small airlines spread faster. These findings can be employed to design strategies for delay propagation dampening.
•A novel Al-8Si-0.4Mg-0.2Sc-0.2Er alloy was prepared using PMS.•A new Al(Sc, Er)2Si2 precipitate was observed in front of the Si phase.•PMS can modify Al(Sc, Er)2Si2 and Si phases and refine α-Al ...grain.
An experimental study has been conducted to assess the influence of permanent magnet stirring (PMS) at various rotation speeds (ω = 40, 80, 120, and 160 rpm) on the solidification microstructure of a novel Al-8Si-0.4Mg-0.2Sc-0.2Er alloy. The results reveal that the Sc and Er would produce small size Al(Sc,Er)2Si2 precipitates in the front of the Si phase under the increased rotation speed of PMS. Furthermore, it has been observed that PMS generates forced fluid flow with the magnetic Taylor number as large as 9.80 × 108, which significantly reduces the size of Al(Sc,Er)2Si2 and eutectic Si phase, promotes the formation of equiaxed dendrite α-Al grains.
Abstract
High flux components in fusion reactor are designed to transfer high thermal loads from the core plasma under steady-state operation and emergency conditions. In order to improve the heat ...transfer ability, hypervapotron structure is proposed to promote the heat transfer performance by optimizing the thermal hydraulic design. In this paper, three-dimensional numerical simulation was carried out using CFD methods for the improved solution of the first wall. The results show that the heat transfer performance of the triangular fin structure with tilt angle of 30° is superior to 0 °, 15°and 45°. At a typical flow rate of 2 m/s, the heat transfer efficiency of the triangular fin with tilt angle of 30° improved by a maximum of 118.1% compared with that of the smooth flow channel. In addition, the heat transfer performance of the triangular fin structure is better than other fin structure, and its maximum temperature drops by 136.3K compared to the smooth flow channel. The design solution may provide a viable new method for efficient cooling of future fusion reactor components with high heat flux.
An experimental investigation has been conducted with respect to the influence of different rare earth Ce additions (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 wt%) on the evolution of the Si phase and mechanical and ...tribological properties of a B390 aluminum alloy solidified under permanent magnet stirring. An increase in the Ce addition from 0 to 0.6 wt% results in the evolution of the Si phase from coarse needlelike to fine coral-like and discrete particles and the decrease in mean length from 22.7 to 6.8 μm. Moreover, as the Ce increases from 0 to 0.6 wt%, the tensile strength is enhanced from 108.1 to 142.9 MPa, and the hardness value is increased from 58.2 to 63.4 HRB, due to the dispersion-strengthening effects of refined particles in the Ce-modified alloy. In addition, the tribological properties of the alloy are improved by decreasing the average friction coefficient from 0.56 to 0.49 with higher Ce contents from 0 to 0.6 wt%. However, compared with the amount of 0.6 wt% Ce, 0.9 wt% Ce addition has no further improvement on the modification of the Si phase and properties of the B390 alloy.
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