The discovery that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer has opened up new avenues for prevention. Carrageenans are attractive candidates for developing ...potential HPV prevention due to their actions against a wide range of viruses, mainly through the blocking of the viral attachment stage. In addition, they are characterised by low production costs, abundant availability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. This review presents an overview of in vitro and in vivo studies of carrageenan antiviral properties, availability, and future liquid-sexual material. Based on the results of previous studies, both in vitro and in vivo carrageenan has the potential to be applied as a lubricant and feminine cleanser because it can reduce HPV infection, is non-toxic, and non-allergenic.
The greenhouse whitefly (GWF), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), is a cosmopolitan pest of horticultural crops. The study purpose was to assess the GWF adult population dynamics on potato and its ...populations on different planting dates and different host plant species. A survey was conducted to determine the GWF population on potato and its associated abiotic factors from January to December 2019. Four crop species, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and chili (Capsicum annum) were planted in two field experiments with different planting dates (7 April and 10 July). The results showed that during high rainfall, the GWF densities were very low. However, as the rainfall declined, the population increased and reached its peak in August. Again, when the rain started in September, the population drastically dropped and continuously declined as the rainfall increased until the year-end. The rainfall rate negatively correlates with the GWF population, but there was no significant correlation between temperature and the insect population. Populations of GWF adult, egg, and nymph were significantly higher in planting date 2 than in planting date 1. On both planting dates, the GWF populations on common bean were significantly higher than those on the other host plants. Hence common bean is the potential to be used as a trap crop in potato or chili plantations. Further studies are necessary to develop efficient and effective ways of utilizing bean as a trap crop.
Matematika merupakan ilmu yang penting dikuasai karena sangat erat kaitannya dengan kehidupan nyata. Namun banyak siswa di sekolah yang beranggapan bahwa matematika merupakan mata pelajaran yang ...sulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja terhadap kesulitan siswa dalam belajar matematika yang terjadi pada kelas 5 SDN Kali Baru 3 Bekasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan penggambaran beberapa temuan di lapangan, subjek dari penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas 5 dan di pilih 8 siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara dengan subjek yang telah di tentukan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat di kemukakan bahwa : Kesulitan belajar yang terjadi siswa kelas 5 SDN Kali Baru 3 Bekasi di sebabkan oleh dua faktor yaitu faktor intern dan ekstern. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya kesulitan belajar matematika pada siswa kelas 5 di SDN Kali Baru 3 Bekasi masih tinggi. Berdasarkan wawancara dengan siswa terlihat dari tidak sukanya siswa terhadap mata pelajaran matematika, sulitnya mengerjakan soal matematika, tidak aktifnya siswa dalam bertanya kepada guru dan kurangnya siswa untuk mendapatkan bimbingan khusus sehingga siswa mengalami kesulitan belajar matematika.
Increased mobility in the Greater Jakarta area has brought demand for people's accessibility. Providing a barrier-free travel system needs to be supported by understanding travel needs and the ...characteristics of the user community. This paper aims to describe the actual condition of barrier-free availability for public transport passengers based on Transit Oriented Development, then proposes a development concept. The research was conducted at several public transport nodes in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia. The data analysis method uses a qualitative descriptive analysis which explains the existing condition of the area, facilities, potential, and development plans. From observations, several locations have implemented the barrier-free principle to support the movement of all groups. Barrier-free facilities are generally found at mass public transportation stations such as Light Rapid Transit (LRT) and Mass Rapid Transit (MRT). In contrast, at Commuter Line (CL) stations, the concept has begun to be applied, and barrier-free facilities have been provided even though the number and limited kind. When using public transportation, barrier-free facilities must be improved for all groups, including seniors, people with physical and mental limitations, and pregnant women. Persons with disabilities may experience difficulties in accessing public facilities, such as narrow sidewalks, steep roads, and incomplete pelican crossing systems. Development can refer to regulations that the government has prepared. The development of various public transport that is currently underway must be balanced with the readiness of massive barrier-free facilities. Regulators and public transport operators in Indonesia can use the development of barrier-free facilities in other countries, such as Japan.
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•Banana peel is the source of bioactive compounds.•The mechanism of the chemical components of banana peel in combating various diseases or infections rationale further ...investigation.•Modification of processing conditions minimizes the antinutrient compound in the banana peel.•Banana peels show vast potential as a source of functional ingredients and packaging materials in food products.
The use of agricultural by-products as a source of functional ingredients, particularly those from crop plants, has received great interest. Banana (Musa spp.) is a common food crop worldwide, but its peel, similar to other agricultural by-products, is often discarded. Banana peel has the potential to be transformed into functional foods because it is historically consumed as food and medicine in some regions of the world.
Scope and approach: Current analysis recaps the nutritional characteristics, bioactive elements and potential health-promoting properties of banana peel and its utilisation in the food industry.
Key Findings and Conclusion: The discoveries, particularly on the broad array of bioactive chemical constituents in peel and their related biological activities, seem to rationalise the proposed use of banana peel in several food industries. Banana peel is appreciated for its bioactive components, particularly the phenolic compounds. The major phenolic compounds found in the banana peel are grouped as flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, and catecholamines. The incorporation of banana peel into food products enhanced the nutritional content, particularly the dietary fibre and phenolic content. It has been demonstrated that banana peel reduces lipid oxidation, particularly in meat-based products. Despite the nutrients offered by banana peels, this paper discusses the potential anti-nutrient content that must be addressed. From this review, banana peel shows great potential to be developed into beneficial functional foods and nutraceuticals. However, proper regulation and legalisation of bioactive enrichment of food products from the banana peel are required to ensure its safety for human consumption.
Herein, we report the green synthesis of flower-like carrageenan-silver nanoparticles (c-AgNPs) through a facile hydrothermal reaction at 90 °C for 2 h. The reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO
) to ...c-AgNPs was evident by the colour change of the solution from colourless to dark brown and further confirmed by a UV-Vis surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at ~420 nm. The FTIR spectra showed that the abundance of functional groups present in the carrageenan were responsible for the reduction and stabilisation of the c-AgNPs. The XRD pattern confirmed the crystalline nature and face-centred cubic structure of the c-AgNPs, while the EDX analysis showed the presence of a high composition of elemental silver (85.87 wt%). Interestingly, the morphological characterisations by SEM and FE-SEM revealed the formation of flower-like c-AgNPs composed of intercrossed and random lamellar petals of approximately 50 nm in thickness. The growth mechanism of flower-like c-AgNPs were elucidated based on the TEM and AFM analyses. The c-AgNPs displayed promising antibacterial properties against
and
, with zones of inhibition ranging from 8.0
0.0 to 11.7 ± 0.6 mm and 7.3 ± 0.6 to 9.7 ± 0.6 mm, respectively, as the concentration of c-AgNPs increased from 0.1 to 4 mg/mL.
Otkriće da je infekcija humanim papiloma virusom (HPV) primarni uzrok raka grlića maternice otvorilo je nove načine prevencije. Karagenani su potencijalni kandidati za prevenciju HPV-a zbog njihova ...djelovanja protiv širokog spektra virusa, uglavnom kroz blokiranje prianjanja virusa. Osim toga, karakteriziraju ih niski troškovi proizvodnje, velika dostupnost, biorazgradivost, biokompatibilnost i nisu toksični. Na temelju rezultata dosadašnjih studija, karagenan (in vitro i in vivo) ima potencijal za primjenu kao lubrikant i sredstvo za higijenu žena, jer može smanjiti mogućnost HPV infekcije te nije toksičan ni alergen.
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