Povrtne vrste su oduvijek bile sastavni dio ukrasnog vrta. One vrtu daje karakteristike ležernosti, a ujedno su i korisno te dekorativne ukoliko se ispravno ukomponiraju u vrtnu površinu. U radu je ...prikazan značaj i važnost povrtnjaka kao sastavnog djela vrta, kao i ukrasne karakteristike pojedinih povrtnih kultura. U istraživačkom dijelu rada obavljena je inventarizacija povrtnih kultura u privatnim ukrasnim vrtovima na području grada Knina. Taksonomskom analizom obuhvaćeno je 20 svojti i to kritosjemenjače, sve svojte, među kojima su dvosupnice (16; 80 %) u većoj mjeri zastupljenije od jednosupnica (4; 20 %), a svrstane su u devet porodica. S najvećim brojem vrsta ističe se porodica Solanaceae (4 vrste).
Najznačajniji World Energy Council (WEC) projekt u razdoblju od 2004. do 2007. godine je studija Energy Policy Scenarios to 2050, na kojem članovi WEC-a i nezavisni stručnjaci rade tri posljednje ...godine, a čiji su rezultati predstavljeni na kongresu u Rimu od 9. do 16. studenog 2007. godine. Energetska budućnost svijeta se promatra po kontinentima, pa je tako i energetska budućnost Europe jedan od podprojekata. Prateći koncept analize energetske budućnosti Europe u Energy Policy Scenarios to 2050 3, u ovom je članku obrađena regija jugoistočne Europe unutar Europe, a koja u spomenutom radu nije posebno promatrana. Razrađen je koncept mogućih scenarija regije, i povezanosti s događanjima u EU i ostalom dijelu Europe. Obzirom da se dijelovi regije znatno razlikuju po gospodarskoj snazi i razvojnom potencijalu, za regiju bi bilo korisno napraviti energetske analize prema razrađenom konceptu scenarija. Za razumijevanje problema i prepoznavanje mogućnosti regije analizirani su glavni energetski pokazatelji, posebno u dijelu koji se odnosi na električnu energiju i plin. Dane su preporuke o daljnjim aktivnostima, koje se dijelom odnose i na šire područje Europe.
When overexpressed, a large transmembrane P-glycoprotein, the product of the ABCB1 gene, is a notable impediment to brain-targeted therapies (like antiepileptics) and chemotherapies. Some of the ...genetic biomarkers with evidence of multi-drug resistance in ABCB1 ― rs1045642, rs1128503, and rs3213619 ― were analyzed in 440 subjects, members of three socio-culturally different Roma (Gypsy) groups of Croatia.
Minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of rs1045642 and rs1128503 were the highest in the Balkan Roma (63.6% and 69.4%, respectively) when compared to the Baranja (52.3% and 62.5%) and the Međimurje Roma (48.8% and 54.5%) (p=0.0005 and p=0.0011, respectively). rs3213619 was monomorphic in the Međimurje group, while its MAFs in other two Roma groups were very low (<1.9%). The distribution of five detected haplotypes (four in the Međimurje group) significantly differed between the Roma subpopulations (p<0.0001), just like the frequencies of diplotypes (p=0.0008). At a global scale, the positive relationship between genetic and geographic distances between the 21 investigated populations indicates isolation by spatial distance. However, this is not true for the relationship between Roma and other populations due to their population history.
The analyzed ABCB1 loci indicate genetic distinctiveness of the Roma population.
Researches into health inequalities consistently show disadvantages in health status, morbidity and mortality for various
ethnic minority groups. Current knowledge about prevention of cardiovascular ...diseases (CVD) mainly derives
from studies carried out in populations of European origin while the evidences involving Roma population are scarce.
Roma, an ethnic minority of northern Indian origin, live in many countries throughout the world and are well known for
preserved traditions and resistance to assimilation. They are most often marginalized economically, spatially, politically
and in terms of culture. In order to assess the health status and health-related lifestyle attributes, a multidisciplinary anthropological
and epidemiological community-based study was carried out including a total of 423 members of the Bayash
Roma minority population living in two regions of Croatia (144 men and 279 women, aged 18–84 yrs). Hypertension
(HT) was found in 24.8% Bayash Roma (21.5% men and 26.5% women) using standard diagnostic criteria (i.e. BP
140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive therapy). The prevalence increases from 5.9% in the age group 18–34 yrs;
35.0% in the age group 35–64 yrs, and 51.4% in the age group 65+ yrs. The prevalence of hypertension in the Bayash Roma
is almost half of the magnitude of what is usually reported for the general population of Croatia. It is also lower when
compared with other European populations and this finding is not due to comparatively younger average age of the
Bayash sample. The significant association of hypertension with age and BMI was confirmed in this study and the importance
of non-traditional SES-related CVD risk factors was highlighted. Smoking is a part of traditional Roma life-
style and with 70% of smokers almost the entire population is equally exposed to this risk factor in their family environment.
Since homogenously distributed, this risk factor did not show to be a significant predictor of hypertension. The
extent to which hypertension is influenced by traditional CVD risk factors as well as by some SES indicators was also assessed
using a forward stepwise method of the multivariate logistic analysis. Each risk factor was explored as quantitative
variable as well as qualitative one using various cut-offs. The best model showed to be the one having age and BMI
presented as quantitative variables and sex, region, smoking status, income and schooling years as categorical ones; with
cut-off 3 for number of income sources and 8 for the number of schooling years. In spite of the low prevalence of hypertension,
the presented results are showing that Bayash Roma are bearing a high CVD risk factors load. We expect that with
westernization of their life-style and along with increase of the economic power, the proportion of CVD in population of
Bayash Roma will also increase. Therefore, it is important to recognize the need for early cardiovascular disease risk factors
prevention in this minority population.
This study examines anthropometrically assessed nutritional status of the Bayash, the Roma population from the
eastern Croatian region of Baranya, and compares it to the non-Roma general population ...of eastern Croatia. The analysis
of nutritional status and diets is a segment of multidisciplinary anthropological and epidemiological survey of the
Roma minority population in Croatia began in 2005. The Bayash are an ethnic group that arrived to Croatia from Romania
most likely in the 19th century and speaks a distinct archaic dialect of the Romanian language. The Roma population
of Baranya approximates 1,000 according to the 2001 census. The Bayash sample comprised 227 adults aged
18–65 yrs. The women fall below the Croatian 10th percentile for stature and men track about the 10th percentile. Both
sexes approximate the 25th percentile for body weight. Despite their diminutive size, the Bayash appear to have adequate
nutritional status until the age of 35 yrs after which their average BMI exceeds the value of 25 kg/m2 and falls in the overweight
category. However, 8% of Bayash are underweight (BMI<18.5) in contrast to 1% of the majority population in the
region. Underweight rates are especially high in women (11%) compared to men (4%). The prevalence of overweight
(BMI 25.0 to 29.9) of 30% is considerably lower than in the majority population (42%) while the prevalence of obesity
(BMI>or=30.0) of 23% is approximately equal. Overall unsatisfactory nutritional status of the Bayash merits attention.
It appears to be the product of unhealthy dietary habits and their socio-economic deprivation that resulted from their
poor education and extremely high unemployment.
Researches into health inequalities consistently show disadvantages in health status, morbidity and mortality for
various ethnic minority groups. Current knowledge about prevention of cardiovascular ...diseases (CVD) mainly derives
from studies carried out in populations of European origin while the evidences involving Roma population are scarce.
Roma, an ethnic minority of northern Indian origin, live in many countries throughout the world and are well known for
preserved traditions and resistance to assimilation. They are most often marginalized economically, spatially, politically
and in terms of culture. In order to assess the health status and health-related lifestyle attributes, a multidisciplinary anthropological
and epidemiological community-based study was carried out including a total of 423 members of the Bayash
Roma minority population living in two regions of Croatia (144 men and 279 women, aged 18–84 yrs). Hypertension
(HT) was found in 24.8% Bayash Roma (21.5% men and 26.5% women) using standard diagnostic criteria (i.e. BP
140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive therapy). The prevalence increases from 5.9% in the age group 18–34 yrs;
35.0% in the age group 35–64 yrs and 51.4% in the age group 65+ yrs. The prevalence of hypertension in the Bayash
Roma is almost half of the magnitude of what is usually reported for the general population of Croatia. It is also lower
when compared with other European populations and this finding is not due to comparative younger average age of the
Bayash sample. The significant association of hypertension with age and BMI was confirmed in this study and the importance
of non-traditional SES-related CVD risk factors was highlighted. Smoking is a part of traditional Roma
life-style and with 70% of smokers almost the entire population is equally exposed to this risk factor in their family environment.
Since homogenously distributed, this risk factor did not show to be a significant predictor of hypertension. The
extent to which hypertension is influenced by traditional CVD risk factors as well as by some SES indicators was also assessed
using a forward stepwise method of the multivariate logistic analysis. Each risk factor was explored as quantitative
variable as well as qualitative one using various cut-offs. The best model showed to be the one having age and BMI
presented as quantitative variables and sex, region, smoking status, income and schooling years as categorical ones; with
cut-off 3 for number of income sources and 8 for the number of schooling years. In spite of the low prevalence of hypertension,
the presented results are showing that Bayash Roma are bearing a high CVD risk factors load. We expect that with
westernization of their life-style and along with increase of the economic power, the proportion of CVD in population of
Bayash Roma will also increase. Therefore, it is important to recognize the need for early cardiovascular disease risk factors
prevention in this minority population.
Cilj Ispitati ključne značajke uvjeta života i zdravlja Bajaš Roma iz Baranje iMeđimurja u Hrvatskoj i ustanoviti moguće demografske i društveno-ekonomske izvore razlika u samoprocjeni zdravlja i ...reprodulcijskim navikama. Postupci Istraživanje je obuhvatilo ukupno 266 odraslih Bajaš Roma iz Baranje i 164 iz Međimurja (prosječn dob 41.3±15.1 godina). Podatci o etnografskim i povijesnim značajkama, shvaćanju vlastitog identiteta, higijenskim i životnim uvjetima, izobrazbi, zaposlenosti, zdravstvenom osiguranju i zdravlju (prehrambene navike i navika pušenja, reprodukcijski parametri, utvrđeni i neutvrđeni zdravstveni problemi i uporaba lijekova)
prikupljeni su izravnim razgovorom. Za statističku su analizu rabljeni bivarijatni i multivarijatni statistički postupci.
Rezultati Podatci o migracijama pokazali su da je 88.8% ispitanika rođeno u području u kojemu sada žive, što znači da su Romi Bajaš autohtoni i da nisu nomadi. Financijski se prije svega oslanjaju na socijalnu skrb (84%) i dodatke za djecu (47%), a samo ih je 2%
stalno i 23% povremeno zaposleno. Udio Roma Bajaš koji nikad nisu pohađali školu doseže čak 33.3% (19.3% muškaraca i 40.6% žena). Prosječan broj godina pohađanja škole onih koji su ikad išli u školu iznosi 5.3±2.7. Pristup javnom vodovodnom sustavu imalo je
52.5% ispitanika, a samo njih 1.7% rabilo je javni kanalizacijski sustav, dok je 23.4% imalo privatne septičke jame. U prosjeku, žene se udaju mlade (16.8 godina) i rađaju mnogo djece (3.9±2.5). Najčešće spominjani zdravstveni problem bile su česte glavobolje (20.3%), bolovi u trbuhu (16.3%), nemir i nesanica (13.1%), visok krvni tlak (9.3%), i kronična opstruktivna plućna bolest (COPD) (8.6%). Analiza podataka logističkom regresijom pokazala je da značajnu ulogu u razvijanju kronične opstruktivne plućne bolesti imaju stupanj izobrazbe (omjer izgleda OR, 0.77; 95% raspon pouzdanosti CI, 0.63-0.94) i pristupačnost zdravstvenog osiguranja (OR, 4.32; 95% CI, 1.46-12.77). Iste su se varijable pokazale važnima za reprodukcijske značajke te populacije, tako što je niža fertilnost (0-4 djece) bila povezana s duljim pohađanjem škole (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.27) i posjedovanjem zdravstvenoga osiguranja (OR, 2.03; 95%CI, 1.13-3.63). Zaključak Naši podatci upućuju na slabu uključenost Roma Bajaš u bitna područja društvenog života kao što su zdravstvena skrb, izobrazba i zaposlenost, te na niži standard življenja i neprimjerene zdravstvene navike. Slaba izobrazba, tradicionalan odnos prema ženskom reprodukcijskom zdravlju, kao i slab pristup zdravstvenoj skrbi pridonosi visokoj
stopi reprodukcije i umjetnih pobačaja. Budući da se pokazalo da izobrazba i zdravstveno osiguranje značajno utječu na uočene reprodukcijske navike i samoprocjenu zdravlja, o akcija za društveno izolirane i ekonomski prikraćene skupine stanovništva.
The aim of this study was to investigate a recessive genetic component in susceptibility to osteoporosis (OP) by comparing its prevalence in isolated villages of three Croatian islands: Brač, Hvar ...and Korčula with different levels of inbreeding. A random sample of 20–30% adults from 14 villages was obtained, including a total of 1,389 examinees. The average inbreeding coefficient (F) of examinees from each village population was estimated using Wright’s path method (based on genealogical information). The morphometry of the metacarpal bones was performed on hand-wrist radiographs of both hands in all examinees. OP was defined as values of cortical index smaller than 2 standard deviations based on distribution of values in examinees of the same sex under 45 years of age. Mean values of cortical index (CI) and prevalence of OP (both standardized by age and weighted for the sample size) in each village were correlated to the mean inbreeding coefficient (F). The coefficient of correlation ® between F values and CI was –0.28 in males (p=0.08) and –0.42 in females (p=0.005), and between F and OP prevalence 0.32 in males (p<0.001) and 0.43 in females (p<0.001). These results indicate a trend of increased susceptibility to osteoporosis with increasing level of inbreeding in isolated communities of Croatian islands.
The complexity of interactions between hereditary, environmental and cultural factors
in determining human phenotypes is often underestimated in biomedical research.
In this paper, we present 33 ...years of holistic anthropological research that was being
conducted since 1971 in the island of Hvar, Croatia. During this period, detailed characterization
of migrations, demography, isonymy, linguistic differences, anthropometric
traits (head and body dimensions), physiological (cardio-respiratory) properties, quantitative
and qualitative dermatoglyphic traits, radiogrammetric metacarpal bone dimensions
and genetic traits (classical antigens, HLA diversity, DNA short tandem repeat
-STR, mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome polymorphisms) was performed. The
analysis of this large collection of data using both model-bound and model-free approaches
showed that the complexity underlying human biological traits may be considerably
greater than generally assumed, which has important implications for design of
future studies into genetic determinants of complex traits.
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