In 25 eyes, age range 60-80 years, in purpose of preoperative treatment prior to cataract surgery, measurements of the radius of curvature as well as main meridians of the anterior and posterior ...corneal surfaces were performed. Average value of the curvature of the anterior corneal surface (R1) was R1 = 7.84 mm, while posterior radius (R2) was 6.4 mm. Main meridian of the anterior corneal surface was in 70% in plus value (+), while postrerior main meridian was always in minus value. It is very important to highlight that main corneal meridians R1 and R2 always cross outside the 90 degrees angle. That is why the combination of the calculation based on the two main meridians superposition (overrefraction) as a form of crossed cylinders has to be calculated (Astigmatismus directus seu obliquus decusatus) using special formula. One of that kind of formulas is Thompson's. Authors want to emphasise the importance of the optical calculation of the posterior corneal surface in the refractive surgery.
There are several methods for presbyopia treatment. Refractive lens exchange (RLE) followed by multifocal intraocular lens (MFIOL) implantation enables high rate of spectacle independence but have ...some visual disturbances. Laser in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) monovision gives patient ability to have good distant vision with dominant eye and good near vision with nondominant eye. In this prospective randomized study we wanted to compare clinical outcomes in patients who underwent either of the mentioned procedures. The first group included 50 patients (N = 100 eyes) who underwent RLE with MFIOL implantation and the second group included 50 patients (N = 100 eyes) who underwent LASIK monovision as presbyopia treatment. Uncorrected distant, near and intermediate visual acuity, patient's subjective satisfaction and visual disturbances were measured. Follow up was 6 months. Patients in RLE group had better near uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and patients in LASIK monovision group had better distant and intermediate vision. Patients in RLE group reported visual disturbances (halo, glare). Patients satisfaction and spectacle independence was high in both groups. Refractive lens exchange with multifocal intraocular lens implantation and LASIK monovision are effective methods for presbyopia treatment. LASIK monovision with -0.50D - 1.25D of residual dioptry at nondominant eye in patients under 50 years enables good vision at all distances without affecting stereovision. Patient selection and preoperative counseling are key to success.
In 25 eyes, age range 60–80 years, in purpose of preoperative treatment prior to cataract surgery, measurements of the radius of curvature as well as main meridians of the anterior and posterior ...corneal surfaces were performed. Average value of the curvature of the anterior corneal surface (R1) was R1=7.84 mm, while posterior radius (R2) was 6.4mm. Main meridian of the anterior corneal surface was in 70% in plus value (+), while postrerior main meridian was always in minus value. It is very important to highlight that main corneal meridians R1 and R2 always cross outside the 90° angle. That is why the combination of the calculation based on the two main meridians superposition (overrefraction) as a form of crossed cylinders has to be calculated (Astigmatismus directus seu obliquus decusatus) using special formula. One of that kind of formulas is Thompson’s. Authors want to emphasise the importance of the optical calculation of the posterior corneal surface in the refractive surgery.
There are several methods for presbyopia treatment. Refractive lens exchange (RLE) followed by multifocal intraocular lens (MFIOL) implantation enables high rate of spectacle independance but have ...some visual disturbances. Laser in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) monovision gives patient ability to have good distant vision with dominant eye and good near vision with nondominant eye. In this prospective randomized study we wanted to compare clinical outcomes in patients who underwent either of the mentioned procedures. The first group included 50 patients (N=100 eyes) who underwent RLE with MFIOL implantation and the second group included 50 patients (N=100 eyes) who underwent LASIK monovision as presbyopia treatment. Uncorrected distant, near and intermediate visual acuity, patient’s subjective satisfaction and visual disturbances were measured. Follow up was 6 months. Patients in RLE group had better near uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and patients in LASIK monovision group had better distant and intermediate vision. Patients in RLE group reported visual disturbances (halo, glare). Patients satisfaction and spectacle independance was high in both groups. Refractive lens exchange with multifocal intraocular lens implantation and LASIK monovision are effective methods for presbyopia treatment. LASIK monovision with –0.50D – 1.25D of residual dioptry at nondominant eye in patients under 50 years enables good vision at all distances without affecting stereovision. Patient selection and preoperative counseling are key to success.
Abbreviations: RLE – refractive lens exchange, MFIOL – multifocal intraocular lens, LASIK – laser in situ keratomileusis, UCVA – uncorrected visual acuity, IOL – intraocular lens.
Working in tandem, two photosystems in the chloroplast thylakoid membranes produce a linear electron flow from H₂O to NADP⁺. Final electron transfer from ferredoxin to NADP⁺ is accomplished by a ...flavoenzyme ferredoxin:NADP⁺ oxidoreductase (FNR). Here we describe TROL ( thylakoid rh odanese- like protein), a nuclear-encoded component of thylakoid membranes that is required for tethering of FNR and sustaining efficient linear electron flow (LEF) in vascular plants. TROL consists of two distinct modules; a centrally positioned rhodanese-like domain and a C-terminal hydrophobic FNR binding region. Analysis of Arabidopsis mutant lines indicates that, in the absence of TROL, relative electron transport rates at high-light intensities are severely lowered accompanied with significant increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Thus, TROL might represent a missing thylakoid membrane docking site for a complex between FNR, ferredoxin and NADP⁺. Such association might be necessary for maintaining photosynthetic redox poise and enhancement of the NPQ.
The products of the polymorphic ADME genes are involved in Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of drugs. The pharmacogenetic data have been studied extensively due to their clinical ...importance in the appropriate drug prescription, but such data from the isolated populations are rather scarce. We analyzed the distribution of 95 polymorphisms in 31 core ADME genes in 20 populations worldwide and in newly genotyped samples from the Roma (Gypsy) population living in Croatia. Global distribution of ADME core gene loci differentiated three major clusters; (1) African, (2) East Asian, and (3) joint European, South Asian and South American cluster. The SLCO1B3 (rs4149117) and CYP3A4 (rs2242480) genes differentiated at the highest level the African group of populations, while NAT2 gene loci (rs1208, rs1801280, and rs1799929) and VKORC1 (rs9923231) differentiated East Asian populations. The VKORC1 rs9923231 was among the investigated loci the one with the largest global minor allele frequency (MAF) range; its MAF ranged from 0.027 in Nigeria to 0.924 in Han Chinese. The distribution of the investigated gene loci positions Roma population within the joined European and South Asian clusters, suggesting that their ADME gene pool is a combination of ancestral (Indian) and more recent (European) surrounding, as it was already implied by other genetic markers. However, when compared to the populations worldwide, the Croatian Roma have extreme MAF values in 10 out of the 95 investigated ADME core gene loci. Among loci which have extraordinary MAFs in Roma population two have strong proof of clinical importance: rs1799853 (CYP2C9) for warfarin dosage, and rs12248560 (CYP2C19) for clopidogrel dosage, efficacy and toxicity. This finding confirms the importance of taking the Roma as well as the other isolated populations`genetic profiles into account in pharmaco-therapeutic practice.
To compare the Croatian and European population in terms of allele frequencies of clinically relevant polymorphisms in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) genes.
In 429 ...Croatian participants, we genotyped 27 loci in 20 ADME genes. The obtained frequencies were merged with the published frequencies for the Croatian population by sample size weighting. The study sample obtained in this way was compared with the average data for the European population from the gnomAD database.
Variant allele frequencies in the Croatian population were higher in three and lower in two polymorphisms (Benjamini-Hochberg-corrected P values: 0.0027 for CYP2B6*4 rs2279343, CYP2C9*2 rs1799853, and VKORC1 rs9923231; 0.0297 for GSTP1 rs1695; 0.0455 for CYP2A6 rs1801272) compared with the European population. The most marked difference was observed for CYP2B6*4 (9.3% in Europe vs 24.3% in Croatia). The most clinically relevant findings were higher variant allele frequencies in two polymorphisms related to lower warfarin requirements: VKORC1*2 (34.9% in Europe vs 40.1% in Croatia) and CYP2C9*2 (12.3% in Europe vs 14.7% in Croatia). This indicates that three-quarters of Croatian people have at least one variant allele at these loci. Variants in genes GSTP1 and CYP2A6 were significantly less frequently observed in Croatia.
Croatian population has a higher bleeding and over-anticoagulation risk, which is why we recommend the prescription of lower doses of anticoagulation drugs such as warfarin and acenocoumarol. Lower phenytoin, and higher bupropion and efavirenz doses are also recommended in the Croatian population.
The effect of anti-insect photoselective yellow (mesh size of 2.4x4.8 mm) and Stop Drosophila Normal (mesh size of 0.90x1 mm) nets on the generative and vegetative traits of peach (cv. Suncrest) was ...studied at an orchard near the city of Čakovec, Croatia. Netting significantly affected some vegetative parameters (leaf surface, leaf length and leaf shape index) but there was no significant effect on productivity parameters (yield, yield efficiency, fruit mass and share of decayed fruit). Regarding fruit colouration application of nets significantly affected b* and C* background and L*, b*, C* and h° additional colour parameters. Majority of inner fruit quality parameters (fruit firmness, titratable acidity and total soluble solids / titratable acidity ratio) as well as of bioactive compounds (total polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity, anthocyanin content and share of alkali-soluble pectin) was also under significant effect of netting. Since yellow net only slightly reduced peach fruit quality (compared to control) it can be recommended for application as an anti-insect net. However, Stop Drosophila Normal net more notably reduced quality parameters (especially additional fruit colour) and hence should be used only when other control strategies show to be ineffective.
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