This article focuses on art psychotherapists' experiences of using museum and gallery settings for group art psychotherapy.
It aims to explore the impact of museum settings for group art ...psychotherapy on the dynamics of power between therapists and service users, and between service users and the wider community.
Interview transcripts from five art psychotherapists working in museums were analysed using an interpretative phenomenological framework and arts-based methods.
Service users may feel valued and socially included by participating in art psychotherapy in museums and using museum objects can help service users to feel empowered within the therapeutic process. Museums offer service users choices, which can engender a sense of autonomy. A museum environment where therapists and service users explore together, and diverse perspectives flourish, may facilitate a flattening of hierarchies. This levelling of the potential power differential is enhanced by a sense of informality and human relating in these settings.
Conclusions
: The findings suggest that a museum environment for art psychotherapy can influence service users' experience of power and autonomy within the therapeutic relationship and within the wider social sphere.
Art psychotherapists may consider using museums to foster social inclusion, autonomy and a more equal sharing of power with service users, whilst it is recommended that art psychotherapy training courses teach about non-traditional practice and settings, such as museums, and power dynamics.
Plain-language summary
Sometimes art psychotherapy groups are run in museums and galleries rather than in traditional settings such as hospitals or community clinics. This article describes a research project exploring how using museums (including galleries with collections) for art psychotherapy groups can affect the group members. It focusses on how these museum environments can affect the power relationships between therapists and service users, and between service users and the wider community. Five art psychotherapists were interviewed about their work in museum settings. The data from the interviews was analysed using a variety of methods, including art-based methods.
The research found that museum-based art psychotherapy can affect power relationships between therapists and service users and the wider community in several ways. Service users may feel more valued by being in a museum than in a more usual therapy setting, and connecting with museum objects can help facilitate the therapy process. Museums provide people with choices about how they want to interact with the collections and to move through the spaces. Therapists and service users can explore alongside each other and a wide range of responses can be expressed and experienced, helping to encourage a sense of equal worth. Finally, a sense of informality in a museum setting and its connection to the community can also help to level the power difference between therapists and service users.
The article encourages art psychotherapists to explore using museums in their practice to encourage a more equal power relationship between therapists and service users, and to help service users to feel valued and socially included. It also encourages art psychotherapy training courses to include teaching about power dynamics and the use of museums. It suggests that more research into certain aspects of museum-based art psychotherapy identified in this research, such as increased informality and humour, would be valuable.
•Concepts from object relations theory can be applied in the museum context.•Contemporary artworks can be used as transformational objects.•Art psychotherapy can be beneficially implemented in the ...museum environment.•Artworks hold intrinsic qualities that evoke powerful connotations for individuals.
This paper examines two group art psychotherapy programs held in 2017 at the National Museum of Contemporary Art Athens (EMST). It focusses on three contemporary artworks by Kimsooja, Ilya Kabakov and Sophia Kosmaoglou belonging to the EMST collection and how working with these groups was explored through objects relations theory. The paper looks at how these artworks became evocative as transformational objects to bring about change. The conclusion is that contemporary art is beneficial when working psychotherapeutically in the museum environment through relating it to existing object relations theory. We conclude that professionals who run museum and gallery-based psychotherapy groups will find the contributions of object relations theory and contemporary art beneficial in this way.
Electrochemical reduction of benzylic halides represents a convenient route to generating carbanions for their subsequent coupling with CO2 to obtain various carboxylic acids. Despite the industrial ...prospects of this synthetic process, it still lacks systematic studies of the efficient catalysts and reaction media design. In this work, we performed a detailed analysis of the catalytic activity of a series of different metal electrodes towards electroreduction of benzylic halides to corresponding radicals and carbanions using cyclic voltammetry. Specifically, we screened and summarized the performance of 12 bulk metal cathodes (Ag, Au, Cu, Pd, Pt, Ni, Ti, Zn, Fe, Al, Sn, and Pb) and 3 carbon-based materials (glassy carbon, carbon cloth, and carbon paper) towards electrocarboxylation of eight different benzylic halides and compare it to direct CO2 reduction in acetonitrile. Extensive experimental studies along with a detailed analysis of the results allowed us to map specific electrochemical properties of different metal electrodes, i.e., the potential zones related to the one- and two-electron reduction of organic halides as well as the potential windows where the electrochemical activation of CO2 does not occur. The reported systematic analysis should facilitate the development of nanostructured electrodes based on group 10 and 11 transition metals to further optimize the efficiency of electrocarboxylation of halides bearing specific substituents and make this technology competitive to current synthetic methods for the synthesis of carboxylic acids.
Purpose
The trajectory of mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is essential for clinical decisions, yet the focus so far has been on admission characteristics ...without consideration of the dynamic course of the disease in the context of applied therapeutic interventions.
Methods
We included adult patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) within 48 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission with complete clinical data until ICU death or discharge. We examined the importance of factors associated with disease progression over the first week, implementation and responsiveness to interventions used in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and ICU outcome. We used machine learning (ML) and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods to characterise the evolution of clinical parameters and our ICU data visualisation tool is available as a web-based widget (
https://www.CovidUK.ICU
).
Results
Data for 633 adults with COVID-19 who underwent IMV between 01 March 2020 and 31 August 2020 were analysed. Overall mortality was 43.3% and highest with non-resolution of hypoxaemia 60.4% vs17.6%;
P
< 0.001; median PaO
2
/FiO
2
on the day of death was 12.3(8.9–18.4) kPa and non-response to proning (69.5% vs.31.1%;
P
< 0.001). Two ML models using weeklong data demonstrated an increased predictive accuracy for mortality compared to admission data (74.5% and 76.3% vs 60%, respectively). XAI models highlighted the increasing importance, over the first week, of PaO
2
/FiO
2
in predicting mortality. Prone positioning improved oxygenation only in 45% of patients. A higher peak pressure (OR 1.421.06–1.91;
P
< 0.05), raised respiratory component (OR 1.71 1.17–2.5;
P
< 0.01) and cardiovascular component (OR 1.36 1.04–1.75;
P
< 0.05) of the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and raised lactate (OR 1.33 0.99–1.79;
P
= 0.057) immediately prior to application of prone positioning were associated with lack of oxygenation response. Prone positioning was not applied to 76% of patients with moderate hypoxemia and 45% of those with severe hypoxemia and patients who died without receiving proning interventions had more missed opportunities for prone intervention 7 (3–15.5) versus 2 (0–6);
P
< 0.001. Despite the severity of gas exchange deficit, most patients received lung-protective ventilation with tidal volumes less than 8 mL/kg and plateau pressures less than 30cmH
2
O. This was despite systematic errors in measurement of height and derived ideal body weight.
Conclusions
Refractory hypoxaemia remains a major association with mortality, yet evidence based ARDS interventions, in particular prone positioning, were not implemented and had delayed application with an associated reduced responsiveness. Real-time service evaluation techniques offer opportunities to assess the delivery of care and improve protocolised implementation of evidence-based ARDS interventions, which might be associated with improvements in survival.
INTRODUCTION In New Zealand, as in other OECD countries, there is a high and growing prevalence of mental health problems, particularly anxiety and depression. These conditions are associated with a ...range of physical illnesses, and as a result this population have high and often complex needs for healthcare services, particularly through primary care. AIM To use data from the New Zealand Health Survey (NZHS) to examine the associations between internalising disorders (including anxiety, depression and bipolar disorder) and measures related to the utilisation of primary healthcare services. METHODS The study was based on responses from 13,719 adults who took part in the 2015-16 NZHS. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographic variables were undertaken to examine the effect of having an internalising disorder on each measure related to primary healthcare utilisation. The strength of associations was indicated by odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS Adults with an internalising disorder were more likely to utilise primary health services (OR = 1.43-2.56, P < 0.001) compared to adults without an internalising disorder. However, they were more likely to have unmet needs due to cost or transport (OR = 2.45-3.38, P < 0.001), unfilled prescriptions due to cost (OR = 3.03, P < 0.001) and less likely to report positive experiences with general practitioners (OR = 0.67-0.79, P < 0.01). DISCUSSION Adults with internalising disorders require a higher level of support from primary healthcare, yet experience more barriers to accessing these services, and report less positive experiences with general practitioners. The NZHS may be a useful source of routinely collected data for understanding, monitoring and improving primary health service utilisation among people with internalising disorders.
Discusses the result of an analysis of the New Zealand Health Survey (NZHS) data to examine the risk of long-term physical health conditions among adults with mental health problems, whilst taking ...into account sociodemographic factors. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.
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