We investigated the association between ulcerative colitis (UC) and polymorphisms of IL-17A (rs2275913, G-197A) and IL-17F (rs763780, 7488T/C) genes. We employed the multiplex PCR-SSCP method to ...detect gene polymorphisms. Both the numbers of -197A (IL-17A) and 7488T (IL-17F) alleles were significantly correlated to the development of UC. The frequencies of -197A/A and 7488T/T genotypes in the UC group were significantly higher than those in the non-UC group. An adjusted analysis revealed that -197A and 7488T alleles were independent risk factors for the developing UC. In addition, both polymorphisms were significantly associated with the pancolitis phenotype. Furthermore, -197A allele was significantly correlated to the chronic relapsing phenotype and -197A/A homozygote was more frequent in steroid-dependent cases, whereas 7488T allele was correlated with the chronic continuous phenotype. Our results provided the first evidence that -197A (IL-17A) and 7488T (IL-17F) alleles may influence the susceptibility to and pathophysiological features of UC independently.
An application of a modern noble pixel detector, XRPIX series, for solar KSVZ axion search experiment is being developed. A low radioactive background is necessary in the detector volume for the ...axion search. We surveyed the radioactivity of all peripheral components mounted on the detector using an HPGe detector. The results are used as an input for a GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation to study the background in the experiment. This paper describes the expected background and the simulated sensitivity of stacked XRPIX detector currently under development.
Inflammation is a key factor in the process of carcinogenesis from chronic gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori. Selenoprotein S (SEPS1) is involved in the control of the inflammatory response in ...the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recently the -105G>A polymorphism in the promoter of SEPS1 was shown to increase pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. We examined the association between this polymorphism and the risk of gastric cancer.
We took stomach biopsies during endoscopies of 268 Japanese gastric cancer patients (193 males and 75 females, average age 65.3), and 306 control patients (184 males and 122 females, average age 62.7) and extracted the DNA from the biopsy specimens. All subjects provided written informed consent. For the genotyping of the SEPS1 promoter polymorphism at position -105G>A, PCR-RFLP methods were used and the PCR products were digested with PspGI. Logistic-regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for age, sex, and H. pylori infection status.
Among cases, the distribution of genotypes was as follows: 88.4% were GG, 11.2% were GA, and 0.4% were AA. Among controls, the distribution was as follows: 92.5% were GG, 7.2% were GA, and 0.3% were AA. Among males, carrying the A allele was associated with an increased odds of gastric cancer, compared with the GG genotype (OR: 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-4.1, p = 0.07). Compared with the GG genotype, carrying the A allele was significantly associated with increased risks of intestinal type gastric cancer (OR: 2.0, 95%CI 1.0-3.9, p < 0.05) as well as of gastric cancer located in the middle third of the stomach (OR: 2.0, 95%CI 1.0-3.9, p < 0.05).
The -105G>A promoter polymorphism of SEPS1 was associated with the intestinal type of gastric cancer. This polymorphism may influence the inflammatory conditions of gastric mucosa. Larger population-based studies are needed for clarifying the relation between inflammatory responses and SEPS1 polymorphism.
Several study showed usefulness of microscopic capillaries, seen by magnifying narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy for predicting histopathology among superficial depressed or flat elevated gastric ...neoplasia (GN). Here we assessed the diagnostic efficacy of magnifying NBI for predicting histopathology among gastric protruding/or polypoid lesions.
Using endoscopic pictures of magnifying NBI from 95 protruding/or polypoid lesions (19 fundic gland polyps: FGP, 47 hyperplastic polyps: HP, and 29 GN), fine mucosal patterns were classified into four categories: small round, prolonged, villous or ridge, and unclear patterns, and micro vascular patterns were classified into five categories: honey comb, dense vascular, fine net work, core vascular, and unclear patterns.
Most suggestive micro vascular patterns for predicting FGP, and HP were honeycomb (sensitivity 94.7%, specificity 97.4%), and dense vascular patterns (sensitivity 93.6%, specificity 91.6%), respectively. Fine net work, core vascular, and unclear patterns presented higher specificity (97%, 100%, and 100%) for predicting GN, and diagnostic efficacy of combined of those patterns was favorable (sensitivity 86.2%, specificity 97.0%).
Micro vascular patterns by using magnifying NBI provides meaningful information for predicting the histopathology of gastric protruding/or polypoid lesions.
In this study, we examined the protective effects of vitamin E (VE) against gastric mucosal lesions induced by water immersion restraint stress (WIRS) in rats in comparison with that of vitamin C ...(VC). The gastric mucosa of rats with 6 h of WIRS showed lesions with bleeding, decrease in nonprotein SH, VC, VE, and adherent mucus concentrations and constitutive nitric oxide synthase activity, and increase in lipid peroxide and NOx (nitrite/nitrate) concentrations and myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase activities. Either VE (0.05 or 0.5 mmol/kg) or VC (0.5 or 1.5 mmol/kg) was orally administered to rats with 6 h of WIRS just before the onset of the stress. Both doses of preadministered VE prevented gastric mucosal lesion development and attenuated all these changes in gastric mucosal components and enzymes studied, whereas only the higher dose of preadministered VC suppressed the changes in all parameters studied. These results indicate that orally administered VE protects against WIRS‐induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats more effectively than orally administered VC. These results also suggest that the administered VE protects against gastric mucosal lesions in rats with WIRS through its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory actions in the gastric mucosa in the same way as the administered VC.
Noncoding microRNAs regulate the expression of various mRNAs. We attempted to clarify the relationship between miR-27a genome polymorphism and chronic gastritis. The study was performed in 179 ...patients with no evidence of gastric malignancy. The severity of histologic chronic gastritis was classified according to the updated Sydney system. The frequency of miR-27a G allele was 34.6%. Although the frequencies of miR-27a G allele were increased in subjects with peptic ulcer or severe mucosal atrophy, no significant differences were seen. The miR-27a polymorphism showed an interaction with gender in relation to gastric mucosal atrophy (P=.090). In only male subjects, the miR-27a polymorphism was associated with the gastric mucosal atrophy (P=.039) and both atrophy and metaplasia scores in G/G group were significantly higher than those in the other groups. The miR-27a genome region polymorphism may be an important definitive factor to develop the gastric mucosal atrophy in Japanese male subjects.
Combining the narrow-band imaging (NBI) system and magnifying endoscopy allows simple and clear visualization of microscopic structures of the superficial mucosa and its capillary patterns, which may ...be useful for precise endoscopic diagnosis in the gastrointestinal tract, being more closely to histopathological diagnosis. In the non-neoplastic gastric mucosa, there have been reports showing a potential usefulness of magnifying NBI for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection, degree of histological gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia. We have shown that magnifying NBI appearances in the non-neoplastic gastric mucosa also predicts pepsinogen levels, which indicates extension of gastric atrophy in the entire stomach, and gastric cancer occurrence. Furthermore, we have shown that magnifying NBI appearances predicts the result of H. pylori treatment. Clear visualization of fine mucosal and capillary patterns, obtained by magnifying NBI, allows prediction of the histological condition, more in detail without biopsy, and it may also be useful for less invasive, and cost-effective endoscopic gastric cancer surveillance, and prediction of H. pylori eradication.
Background Heat shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) has a cytoprotective role in various conditions and also protects the gastric mucosa. Recently, polymorphism of HSP70-2 at position 1267 was suggested to ...be associated with carcinogenesis. We investigated the association of this polymorphism with the risk of gastric cancer in the present study. Methods We examined 223 patients (159 men and 64 women, mean age 64.8 years) with gastric cancer who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy at our department. The controls were 200 age-matched patients (140 men and 60 women) without gastric cancer diagnosed by gastrointestinal endoscopy. Genotyping was done by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and the PCR products were digested with PstI. The two allelic forms, corresponding to the presence or absence of the PstI site, were designated as the P1 allele and P2 allele, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate an odds ratios (ORs) for differences of HSP70-2 polymorphism between the two groups. Results Among the 223 patients with gastric cancer, 46 (20.6%) had P1/P1, 177 (79.4%) were P1 carriers, and 6 (2.7%) were P2/P2. In the control group, 33 (16.5%) patients had P1/P1 polymorphism, 167 (83.5%) were P1 carriers, and 12 (6.0%) were P2/P2. The OR for gastric cancer of subjects with P2/P2 polymorphism relative to P1 carriers was 0.43 (95% CI = 0.16-1.17) (P = 0.097). Among females, the OR for gastric cancer of subjects with P2/P2 polymorphism relative to P1 carriers was 0.10 (95% CI = 0.012-0.838) (P = 0.014). This polymorphism was also associated with a lower risk of middle third cancer (OR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.02-1.00). Conclusions P2/P2 polymorphism of HSP70-2 at position 1267 was associated with a lower risk of gastric cancer in females.
At Waseda University, we are developing a table-top size soft X-ray source based on inverse Compton scattering between a high quality electron beam and a high power laser. Using 1047
nm laser beam ...(Nd:YLF) and 4.6
MeV electron beam generated from a photo-cathode rf-gun, we had already succeeded in generating inverse Compton X-rays. The energies are within the “water window” region (250–500
eV) which can be applied to biological studies. For good signal to noise ratio (
S/
N) and a larger number of photons, we remodeled our collision chamber and laser amplifier system.
S/
N is defined by the X-ray photon signal over all other noises and backgrounds such as a bremsstrahlung X-rays from a lost electron beam and an electric noises caused by a radiation and rf power source. With these modifications, the X-ray photons detected by a micro channel plate (MCP) have increased 10-fold to reach 312
ph/pulse. Total generated photons were estimated to be 3.3×10
4. Further, we succeeded in generating stable soft X-rays for more than 12
h. Good
S/
N ratio, stable X-rays have made it possible to observe the beam–laser interaction very precisely. By using this technique, we have measured the electron beam size at the collision point as 251
μm (
σ
x
)×56
μm (
σ
y
).
To study the role of gastric mucosal ascorbic acid (AA) in the progression of acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by compound 48/80 (C48/80), a mast cell degranulator, in rats.
C48/80 (0.75 mg/kg) ...was intraperitoneally injected to fasted Wistar rats. Oral administration of AA (10, 50 or 100 mg/kg) was performed 0.5 h after C48/80 treatment. Determinations for gastric mucosal lesion severity and blood flow, and assays for gastric mucosal total AA, reduced AA, oxidized AA, vitamin E, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), adherent mucus, nitrite/nitrate (NOx), non-protein SH (NPSH), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and serum total AA, reduced AA, oxidized AA, and NOx were conducted 0.5 and 3 h after C48/80 treatment.
Gastric mucosal lesions occurred 0.5 h after C48/80 treatment and progressed at 3 h. Gastric mucosal blood flow decreased 0.5 h after C48/80 treatment but the decrease was recovered at 3 h. Gastric mucosal total AA, reduced AA, vitamin E, and adherent mucus concentrations decreased 3 h after C48/80 treatment. Gastric mucosal oxidized AA concentration remained unchanged after C48/80 treatment. Gastric mucosal NPSH concentration decreased 0.5 h after C48/80 treatment, but the decrease was recovered at 3 h. Gastric mucosal TBARS concentration and MPO activity increased 0.5 h after C48/80 treatment and further increased at 3 h. Serum total AA and reduced AA concentrations increased 0.5 h after C48/80 treatment and further increased at 3 h, while serum oxidized AA concentration increased at 0.5 h. Serum and gastric mucosal NOx concentrations increased 3 h after C48/80 treatment. AA administration to C48/80-treated rats at 0.5 h after the treatment prevented the gastric mucosal lesion progression and the changes in gastric mucosal total AA, reduced AA, vitamin E, adherent mucus, NOx, and TBARS concentrations and MPO activity and serum NOx concentration found at 3 h after the treatment dose-dependently. The AA administration to C48/80-treated rats caused further increases in serum total AA and reduced AA concentrations at 3 h after the treatment dose-dependently.
Gastric mucosal AA plays a critical role in the progression of C48/80-induced acute gastric mucosal lesions in rats.
PDF
