Aim
To explore and understand moral distress from the perspective of and as experienced by critical care nurses in Korea.
Background
The concept of moral distress among critical care nurses must be ...more broadly explored using a qualitative approach.
Design
Giorgi's phenomenological research approach was used.
Methods
A purposive sampling was used to select 14 critical care nurses. In‐depth face‐to‐face interviews were performed in Korea from March 2012–December 2013.
Findings
Five main themes of moral distress emerged: (1) ambivalence towards treatment and care (notably prioritizing work tasks over human dignity, unnecessary medical treatments and the compulsory application of restraints); (2) suffering resulting from a lack of ethical sensitivity; (3) dilemmas resulting from nurses' limited autonomy in treatments; (4) conflicts with physicians; and (5) conflicts with institutional policy.
Conclusion
Staff shortages are aggravated by high staff turnover caused by ethical suffering. The resulting lack of staff can, in turn, give rise to added ethical conflicts as part of a vicious circle, leading to decreased patient satisfaction.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing markedly among postmenopausal women. Although studies suggest multiple risk factors for its development, few have investigated changes in socioeconomic status ...(SES), female reproductive health indicators (menarche age, experience of pregnancy, delivery, breastfeeding, and postmenopausal status), and lifestyle factors. This study investigated lifestyle factors affecting MetS prevalence among pre- and post-menopausal women after adjusting for SES and female reproductive health indicators. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII (2016-2018) on 2856 pre- and postmenopausal women aged 40-59 years were analyzed. Differences in SES (e.g., age, education, and household income), female reproductive health indicators (e.g., age of menarche and menopause), and lifestyle (e.g., total calorie intake, fats, and proteins, percentage of energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, smoking, physical activity, and obesity) between MetS and non-MetS groups were calculated by performing χ
or
-tests. Consequently, current smoking, physical inactivity, overweight, and obesity were significantly associated with increased MetS after adjusting for SES and female reproductive health indicators using logistic regression analysis. Hence, health policies and programs focusing on modifiable MetS risk factors-encouraging healthy eating habits, smoking cessation, and regular exercise-must be formulated to prevent the development of MetS in pre- and postmenopausal women.
Despite the adverse effects of negative coping after receiving a stoma, there is a lack of information on how patients cope with ostomies and on their families' experiences throughout the coping ...process. We aimed to explore the coping experiences of individuals with ostomies throughout their illness, applying the Corbin and Strauss Chronic Illness Trajectory Framework, using exploratory qualitative methods involving focus group interviews. Purposive sampling was utilized to recruit 19 participants (split across three groups) through an ostomy association in South Korea. Two focus group interviews were separately conducted from March through to May 2017 until data saturation was achieved. Using qualitative content analysis, we analyzed the transcribed interviews and identified words and themes to interpret the results. The coping experiences of patients with ostomies were expressed through three interrelated themes: struggling and suffering, learning how to live with ostomy, and living with ostomy. We found gender differences in spousal support and a struggle among older patients regarding social coping. The themes identified suggest that gender should be considered when designing interventions to help patients cope with ostomies.
Anxiety is a common mental health problem among older persons, and the prevalence is higher in those who live alone than those who live with others. This study aimed to explore the experiences of ...anxiety in older persons living alone. A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to collect and analyze the interview data from 15 older persons (5 males, 10 females) living alone in Seoul, South Korea. Four main themes emerged from the data analysis: fear of being alone, concern about having an aged body, apprehension mixed with depression and loneliness, and fear of economic difficulties. These findings indicate that older persons living alone should receive continuous attention to prevent them from being neglected and their anxiety from worsening. Above all, it is vital to ensure comprehensive support for older persons living alone to alleviate their anxiety.
Colon and/or rectum cancer (CRC) patients use various strategies to cope with their condition, and these can vary between age groups.
The aims of this study were to investigate differences between ...psychosocial/spiritual variables and coping strategies in CRC patients of different age groups (younger vs older) and to identify the predictors of coping for both age groups.
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at 3 outpatient clinics in Korea. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Social Support Scale, and Self-Transcendence Scale were used to measure psychosocial and spiritual variables; the Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale was used to assess cancer-specific coping strategies.
Both younger and older patients who were psychologically distressed used more maladaptive coping. Individuals who received less social support from healthcare providers used more maladaptive coping strategies. For younger patients, self-transcendence was the only significant predictor of both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies; for older patients, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score was the only significant predictor of maladaptive coping.
Differences in psychological distress, social support, and self-transcendence due to age are important protective or risk factors for the use of coping strategies among CRC patients.
Considering our findings, we encourage healthcare professionals to be aware of patients' coping strategies and take them into account when planning age-specific interventions related to coping, before hospital discharge.
The purposes of this study were to identify whether there are gender differences in sexual behaviors among Korean adolescents and to explore the factors that influence safe sex practices across both ...sexes.
A secondary analysis was conducted using nationally representative data obtained from the 2014 Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Sample consisted of 3,210 adolescents who had experience of sexual intercourse. The dependent variable in this study was practicing safe sex. The independent variables included a range of individual, family, and school factors.
Female adolescents were less likely to practice safe sex (i.e., always using a condom). Individual (smoking, no drinking before sexual intercourse), family (living with parents, higher allowance per week) and school factors (non-coeducational school students, had received school-based sex education) were significant predictors of practicing safe sex in males. In contrast, family (lower economic status) and school factors (middle school students) predicted practicing safe sex among female adolescents.
We demonstrated that gender plays an important role in the sexual behavior of adolescents. The findings of this study indicate a need to design and implement gender-specific interventions.
•Our study indicated that a higher reporting of unhealthy lifestyle (i.e., drinking alcohol and smoking) in males compared to that in females•We found that female adolescents reported less responsible safe sexual behavior than male adolescents in Korea•Efficient strategies for improving knowledge regarding sexuality and access to contraceptive use should be initiated at the national level•Gender-specific reproductive and sexual health education should focus on enhancing the use of safe sexual practices for female adolescents•For males, education focusing on modifiable health behaviors such as abstaining from alcohol and cigarette use could be beneficial
Nursing school students perform invasive (i.e., injection, venipuncture) and/or non-invasive procedures (i.e., giving a bed bath and back massage) on each other to master these skills, and nursing ...instructors reported related safety issues. This study aimed to explore nursing instructors' experiences concerning their students' psychological and physical safety when using students as practice models in nursing skills laboratories.
A qualitative design using focus group interviews and thematic analysis was employed. Two semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of eight instructors with experience in teaching nursing skills in laboratories. This study was evaluated by the Institutional Review Board at Eulji University (EU18-51) in the Republic of Korea.
Three main themes emerged to describe nursing instructors' safety-related experiences when using students as practice models in nursing skills laboratories: (1) a dilemma between the experimental learning of students and the need to keep students safe, (2) perception related to psychological safety, and (3) an inadequate safety reporting system.
When instructors consider using students' bodies to practice nursing skills, they experience a dilemma between the students' experimental learning and the need to keep them safe. Thus, methods to maximize student learning and student safety guidelines should be developed.
Aim
This study identified the moderating role of the amount of caregiving tasks on relationships between dementia family caregivers’ characteristics (age, education, etc.) and outcomes (burden, ...etc.).
Design
A cross‐sectional analysis of surveyed data.
Method
A convenience sample of 369 family caregivers (151 males, 218 females) aged 20 years or older was recruited from 10 cities in the southern area of South Korea. Data were collected from November–December 2011. Measures of caregiver burden, perceived health status and emotional distress of caregivers related to the memory‐behaviour problems of the care recipient were used to assess the outcomes of family caregivers of older adults with dementia.
Results
The amount of caregiving tasks has a moderating effect on the relationships between caregivers’ characteristics (such as living with the recipient and duration of caregiving) and the caregiver burden. The interaction between the amount of caregiving tasks and status of living with recipient was significant in relation to the emotional distress of caregivers related to the memory‐behaviour problems of the care recipient with dementia; however, there was no effect of the amount of caregiving tasks on the relationships between caregivers’ characteristics and perceived health status.
Conclusion
The amount of caregiving tasks can have a moderating role in the caregiving stress model. Intervention programs need to be developed and implemented to reduce negative outcomes of family caregivers, particularly those living with older adults with dementia.
目标
本研究确定了护理任务数量对痴呆症家庭护理人员特征(年龄和教育等)与结果(负担等)之间关系的调节作用。
设计
对调查数据进行横断面分析。
方法
从韩国南部地区的10个城市招募了369名年龄在20岁或以上的家庭护理人员(其中包括151名男性和218名女性)作为便利样本。收集2011年11月至12月之间的数据。有关护理人员的护理负担、感知健康状况和与护理接受者的记忆行为问题相关的情绪困扰的测量被用于评估老年痴呆症患者家庭护理人员的结果。
结果
护理任务数量对护理人员特征(如与接受者一起生活和护理期间等)和负担之间的关系具有调节作用。与痴呆症患者的记忆行为问题相关的护理人员的情绪困扰与护理人员的数量和与受者的生活状态之间的相互作用是显着的;然而,护理任务数量对护理人员特征与健康状况之间的关系没有影响。
结论
护理任务数量可以在护理压力模型中起调节作用。需要制定和实施干预计划,以减少家庭护理人员的消极结果,特别是那些患有老年痴呆症的老年人而言。
We aimed to examine the association between shift work types and participation in breast cancer screening (BCS) programs by comparing rates of participation for BCS among regular daytime workers and ...alternative shift workers using data from a nationally representative, population-based survey conducted in Korea. In addition, the results were analyzed according to sociodemographic factors, including occupation, education, income, private health insurance, age, and number of working hours a week. This secondary cross-sectional analysis used data from the 2012 Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. The target population included women aged ≥ 40 years who responded as to whether they had undergone BCS in the previous year. Accordingly, we analyzed survey data for a total of 1,193 women and used a multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the differences in factors affecting BCS between regular daytime and alternative shift workers. A logistic regression analysis was performed considering private health insurance as a significant sociodemographic factor for BCS among regular daytime shift workers. In contrast, none of the tested variables could significantly predict adherence to BCS among alternative shift workers. The results of this study suggest the need for the development of comprehensive workplace breast cancer prevention programs by considering shift work types. More attention should be given to female workers with low education levels, those who are uninsured, and young workers to improve the participation rate for BCS at the workplace.
The rate of and factors influencing colorectal cancer screening differs by gender. We aimed to determine the behaviors for and predict the factors influencing self-reported colorectal cancer ...screening in Korean adults. Secondary analysis was performed with data from the cross-sectional 2012 Community Health Survey. We examined the relationship between gender and self-reported screening using data for 115 045 adults aged ≥50 years; 62.4% of men and 65.5% of women underwent colorectal cancer screening. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, men with private insurance and who attended regular health checkups were more likely to undergo screening; men who were employed, ate salty food, were older, or smoked were less likely. Women with private insurance, who lived with a spouse, were more educated, were housewives, or attended regular health checkups were more likely, and older women were less likely to undergo screening. Therefore, gender-specific interventions are needed to encourage colorectal cancer screening.
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