The navigation of mobile robots is a key element of autonomous systems, which allows robots to move effectively and securely in changing environments with greater autonomy and precision. This study ...aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive guide for selecting the best path-planning methods for their particular projects. We evaluate some popular algorithms that are regularly used in mobile robot navigation, in order to demonstrate their specifications and determine where they are most effective. For example, one algorithm is used to model the problem as a standard graph, and another algorithm is found to be the most suitable for highly dynamic and highly dimensional environments, due to its robust path-planning capabilities and efficient route construction. We also filter high-performance algorithms in terms of computational complexity, accuracy, and robustness. In conclusion, this study provides valuable information on its individual strengths and weaknesses, helping robotics and engineers make informed decisions when selecting the most appropriate algorithm for their specific applications.
Robotics has become a prominent technology with wide application in various industries. However, to protect the safety and well-being of humans and robots, the development of efficient emergency ...response systems is becoming more crucial as the robotics industry develops. Some emergencies can be destructive and even render robotic devices ineffective. It is impossible to create a universal emergency plan for all robotic fields due to the wide variety of kinds and applications of robots. Therefore, this study suggests a comprehensive and high-level structure that serves as a roadmap for emergency planning specifically for robotic systems. To enable enterprises to actively manage emergency situations, reduce potential hazards, and improve response times, environment standards should be tailored. It also acts as a model for other sectors and businesses wishing to establish comparable emergency response procedures. In particular, this study contributes to the continuing conversation about robotics by advocating the integration of robotic safety into many industries and providing a strategic approach to emergency preparedness.
The current study investigated the open and distance learning vision of higher education institutions in Turkey and revealed several implications for leadership. Considering the potential overlap ...between vision and mission statements, both of the statements used by 82 units within higher education institutions were qualitatively investigated through content analysis. The findings first revealed that the vision statements of the units cover all system levels from technology to the broader socioeconomic context. Improving quality is the most underlined statement, followed by becoming a leading institution and enabling equity and access. On the other hand, it was observed that there is an overlap between their vision and mission statements, and many of the academic units use similar statements. Based on these findings, several implications were reported for effective leadership in open and distance learning. Although this study encompassed only the context of a specific country, it provided implications for leadership in various contexts.
The purposes of the two studies reported in this research are to adapt and validate the instrument of the Evaluation Framework for Learning Analytics (EFLA) for learners into the Turkish context, and ...to examine how metacognitive and behavioral factors predict learner performance. Study 1 was conducted with 83 online learners enrolled in a 16-week course delivered through the Moodle learning management system. The findings from the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a three-factor model of the EFLA for learners provided the best model fit for the collected data. The model is consistent with the factorial structure of the original instrument developed based on the data from the European learners. Study 2 aimed to reveal how the metacognitive and behavioral factors pertaining to the learning analytics dashboard predict learners' academic performance. A total of 63 online learners enrolled in a 14-week online computing course participated in this study. The results from the logistic regression analysis indicated that online learners more frequently interacted with the learning analytics dashboard demonstrated greater academic performance. Furthermore, the dimensions of the EFLA, together with the interaction with the dashboard, significantly predicted learners' academic performance. This multiple-study investigation contributes to the generalizability of the EFLA for learners and highlights the importance of metacognitive and behavioral factors for the impact of learning analytics dashboards on learner performance.
We examine how executive equity incentives are associated with firms' conforming tax avoidance. Conforming tax avoidance is unique compared to nonconforming tax avoidance in that it decreases tax ...liabilities by reducing pretax income. Thus, conforming tax avoidance presents a unique set of consequences with important links to both risk and value‐creation incentives. Consistent with risk‐taking incentives increasing conforming tax avoidance, we find that linking executive wealth to stock price volatility (i.e., vega) is positively associated with conforming tax avoidance. We also find that linking executive wealth to stock price (i.e., delta) is negatively associated with conforming tax avoidance. The results of our cross‐sectional tests suggest that the negative association between delta and conforming tax avoidance is predominantly driven by a risk aversion effect rather than a value‐creation effect. Our findings add to the literature on the relation between tax avoidance and executive compensation, as well as the trade‐off between book and taxable income.
Résumé
La rémunération sous forme d'actions et l'évitement fiscal conforme
Les auteurs examinent comment les rémunérations des dirigeants sous forme d'actions sont associées à l'évitement fiscal conforme des entreprises. L'évitement fiscal conforme diffère de l'évitement fiscal non conforme en ce qu'il réduit les taxes à payer en diminuant le revenu avant impôts. Ainsi, l'évitement fiscal conforme présente un ensemble de conséquences distinct avec des liens importants à la fois avec les incitations à prendre des risques et à créer de la valeur. Conformément à l'idée que les incitations à prendre des risques augmentent l'évitement fiscal conforme, les auteurs constatent que le lien entre la richesse des dirigeants et la volatilité du prix des actions (à savoir, le véga) est positivement associé à l'évitement fiscal conforme. Ils constatent également que le lien entre la richesse des dirigeants et le prix des actions (à savoir, le delta) est négativement associé à l'évitement fiscal conforme. Les résultats des tests transversaux suggèrent que l'association négative entre le delta et l'évitement fiscal conforme est principalement due à un effet d'aversion au risque plutôt qu'à un effet de création de valeur. Les conclusions des auteurs viennent enrichir la littérature sur la relation entre l'évitement fiscal et la rémunération des dirigeants, ainsi que sur le compromis entre le revenu comptable et le revenu imposable.
Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in okunması, anlaşılması, dinlenmesi gibi fiillerin her biri, ibadet yönü
bulunan amellerdir. İhtiva etmiş olduğu mana ise aynı zamanda inanan insanın zihin
dünyasını inşa etmekte ve ...hayatının farklı evrelerinde kendisine rehberlik etmektedir.
Bunun için de muhtevası doğru anlaşılmalıdır. Tilâvet edilen bir âyetteki murad-ı ilâhînin
doğru anlaşılması için öncelikle âyetin mefhumuna vâkıf olmak gerekmektedir. Bu
sebeple âyetin nüzûl sebebi ve ortamı, siyak ve sibakı, anlamını belirleyen anahtar
kelimelerin tahlili, cümle yapısı gibi bazı verilerin göz önünde bulundurulması önem arz
etmektedir. Bu veriler çerçevesinde tercih edilen anlama göre lafız ve anlam bütünlüğüne
riayet ederek âyetlerde vakfa uygun olan yerler tayin edilmekte ve okumanın da buna
göre icra edilmesi beklenmektedir. Dolayısıyla âyetteki murad-ı ilâhî, âyetin iʿrabını ve
buna bağlı olarak kabule şayan olan anlam tercihini belirlemektedir. Tercih edilen iʿrab
ve anlam ise âyetteki vakf ya da vasl yapılması gereken yerleri tayin etmektedir. Âl-i
İmrân sûresinin 7. âyetinde müteşâbih âyetlerin te’vilinin bilinip bilinemeyeceği
bağlamında tefsirlerde serdedilen yorumlar ve buna göre âyetteki vakf yerinin tercihine
dair vakf-ibtidâ literatüründeki farklı kanaatler konumuz açısından güzel bir örnektir. Biz
de çalışmamızda bu örnek âyet üzerinden âyetin anlaşılmasında vakf yerinin önemini
tahlil etmeye çalışacağız.
Although online distance education provides adult learners with an opportunity for life-long learning, there are still factors challenging them to engage in educational processes. The purpose of this ...study is to explore the challenges faced by adult learners in online distance education through the analysis of the relevant literature. The articles (N=36) published in the key journals in the fields of open and distance education, instructional technology, and adult education were reviewed and analyzed through constant comparative analysis in the current study. The findings reveal that adult learners have challenges related to internal, external, and program-related factors indicating the interrelated nature of these challenges. The findings also show that the challenges experienced by adult learners vary depending on their age, gender, knowledge and skills as well as the context in which they study. The findings of this study, which has an exploratory nature, have several implications for distance education stakeholders such as administrators, instructors, instructional designers, and policy makers.
Bu araştırmanın amacı Youtubeplatformu üzerine yazılmış eğitim araştırmalarını raporlayan tezleri yöntem ve içerik bakımından incelemek ve eğilimlerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Yüksek ...Öğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı Tez Merkezi veritabanından erişilen ve belirlenen kriterlere uygun24 tez çalışması analiz edilmiştir. Tezlerin anabilim dallarına, yıllara, araştırma modellerine, üniversitelere, veri kaynaklarına ve araştırma konularına göre dağılımları incelenmiş ve eğilimleri ortaya konulmuştur. Analize dahil edilen tezlerin tamamı yüksek lisans düzeyindedir. Eğitimde Youtube kullanımı üzerine henüz doktora düzeyinde tez hazırlanmadığı görülmüştür. İlgili tez çalışmaları 13 farklı anabilim dalında yapılmıştır.Youtube üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar 2014 yılında başlamakla birlikte özellikle 2020 yılından itibaren artış eğilimi belirgin şekilde görülmektedir. Yazılan tezlerin yaklaşık yarısının alanyazın incelemesi üzerine olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında incelenen tezlerde en çok görüşme ve doküman incelemesi gibi nitel yöntemler ile veri toplanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra çalışmaların çoğunun Youtube üzerinde yer alan videoların içerik incelemesi olduğu görülmektedir. Benzer şekilde, tezlerin araştırma konuları da Eğitim amaçlı Youtube videolarının içerik analizi üzerinde yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre; Youtube’u bir eğitsel müdahale aracı olarak kullanan ve etkilerini inceleyen gelecek ampirikaraştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Son olarak çalışmaların K-12 düzeyinde yoğunlaştığı, açık ve uzaktan öğretim de dahilolmak üzere yükseköğretim düzeyinde, hayat boyu öğrenme ile informal öğrenme ve mesleki gelişim kapsamında henüz çalışma yapılmadığı görülmüş ve bu alanlardaki araştırma ihtiyacına vurgu yapılmıştır.
This study aims to examine the theses reporting educational research on the Youtube platform in terms of method and content and to reveal their trends. 24 thesis studies, accessed from the Thesis Center database of the Council of Higher Education and in accordance with the inclusion criteria, were analyzed. The distribution of the theses according to departments, years, research models, universities, data sources and research topics were examined and their trends were revealed. All of the theses included are at the master's level and no doctoral thesis was accessed yet on Youtube in education. Related studies were conducted in 13 different departments. Although the studies started in 2014, an increasing trend was observed especially starting with 2020. -Approximately half of the written theses reportedthe relevant literature. Data used in the theses were collected mostly by qualitative methods such as interviews and document analysis. Besides, most of the studies covered the content analysis of the videos on Youtube. Similarly, the research topics of the theses focused on the content analysis of Youtube videos for educational purposes. These findings showed that future empirical studies using YouTube as an educational intervention and examining its effects are needed. Finally, the studies were concentrated at the K-12 level, and there is no study yet in the scope of lifelong learning, informal learning and professional development at the higher education level, including open and distance education, and the need for research in these fields was underlined.
We evaluated whether differences exist among the canal flare index (CFI) values obtained by different calculation methods in the veterinary literature.
The endosteal widths were measured from ...radiographic images of canine cadaveric femora. Three different formulae were used to calculate the CFI. The CFI
was the ratio of endosteal width at the medial aspect of the lesser trochanter (LT) to the midshaft (M), while the CFI
was the ratio of LT to the isthmus (I). The CFI
was the ratio of endosteal width at the proximal aspect of the lesser trochanter (PLT) and the I. The widths at each level and the CFI calculation methods were compared. Using Rashmir-Raven's method, the femora were typed as stovepipe, normal and champagne fluted. The limits of agreement were also evaluated.
The endosteal width at the proximal aspect of the lesser trochanter was 12% wider than at the medial aspect and 8% wider at the midshaft than at the isthmus. The CFI
was less than CFI
and CFI
by 9 and 20%, respectively. By Rashmir-Raven's classification, the CFI
method provided 18% stovepipe, 79% normal and 3% champagne fluted femora. The CFI
method showed the stovepipe, the normal and the champagne fluted as 6, 82 and 12%, respectively. The CFI
method classified the femora either normal (55%) or champagne fluted (45%). The comparison of CFI
with the other methods using Bland-Altman analysis showed lower mean difference for the CFI
than the CFI
.
The level of width measurements at proximal femora might have an impact on the CFI values, likewise, preoperative planning procedures and the selection of a stem type in total hip arthroplasty.
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