•A Fractal model of Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation (CGL) is proposed.•Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation (CGL) with three forms of nonlinearity Soliton solutions are obtained by means of a principle ...of variation.•The novel requirements for solitons are calculated.•This equation is an important fractal model for oscillating phenomena and optical fibers.
The complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation (CGLE) is one of the non-trivial models for addressing the dynamics of oscillating, highly nonlinear processes right before the start of oscillations. This paper presents the complex Ginzburg-Landau fractal model with three types of nonlinearity. The variational approach provides soliton solutions for the CGLE in terms of Kerr, parabolic, and quadratic laws of nonlinearity. New bright and dark soliton solutions for the CGLE are developed. The necessary novel conditions that guarantee the existence of suitable solitary waves are introduced. Monitoring solutions 3D and 2D plots are illustrated by choosing a range of appropriate values of parameters.
Fasciolosis an economically important global disease of ruminants in the temperate and tropical regions, caused by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively, also poses a potential zoonotic ...threat. In India alone it causes huge losses to stakeholders. Anthelmintics including triclabendazole have been used to control this menace but the emerging resistance against the available compounds necessitates identification of novel and alternative therapeutic measures involving plant derived natural compounds for their anthelmintic potential. Thymoquinone (T) and curcumin (C), the active ingredients of Nigella sativa and Curcuma longa respectively have been used as antiparasitic agents but the information on their flukicidal effect is very limited. Adult flukes of F. gigantica were in vitro exposed to different concentrations of thymoquinone and curcumin separately for 3h at 37+ 1°C. A significant (p<0.05) reduction in the worm motility at 60 μM concentration of both T and C was observed though all the worms remained alive after 3h exposure, whereas the effect on egg shedding was statistically insignificant. Pronounced tegumental disruptions and erosion of spines in the posterior region and around the acetabulum was evident. A significant (p<0.05) decrease in glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) level was observed, while protein carbonylation increased differentially. A significant inhibition of CathepsinL (CatL) gene expression in thymoquinone treated worms was also evident. Further, in silico molecular docking of T and C with CatL revealed a stronger interaction of curcumin with the involvement of higher number of amino acids as compared to thymoquinone that could be more effective in inhibiting the antioxidant enzymes of F. gigantica. It is concluded that both the compounds understudy will decrease the detoxification ability of F. gigantica, while inhibition of CatL will significantly affect their virulence potential. Thus, both thymoquinone and curcumin appeared to be promising anthelmintic compounds for further investigations.
During last two decades, there has been an enormous growth in the discovery of innovative active inorganic anticancer complexes (exerting remarkable cytotoxicity at sub micro‐molar levels) derived ...from myriad ligand scaffolds, mainly acting on cancerous vs healthy cells by either halting or inhibiting their uncontrolled growth. The phenomenal success of cisplatin to treat numerous forms of solid malignancies has placed metal‐based drugs to the forefront of treatment strategies against cancers. More than 10,000 platinum anticancer complexes have been developed during the past 40 years, but only five drugs have been approved for usage in humans while ten more complexes are currently undergoing clinical trials. Most of the compounds have failed either at R&D stages or in preclinical trails. This has led to extensive investigations by researchers of medicinal chemistry, including our group to design and prepare tailored 3d‐metallo‐drugs and organotin(IV) compounds from some naturally occurring bioactive compounds, such as amino‐acids, peptides, chromone derivatives and NSAID's etc. that were used either alone or in cocktail combination, capable of specifically targeting DNA, lnc RNAs and proteins. Furthermore, 3d‐metal ions such as copper, cobalt and zinc etc. incorporated in these ligand framework are biocompatible and induce a unique multi‐modal mechanism of cytotoxic action involving angiogenesis, ROS‐induced DNA damage, apoptosis by p53 mitochondrial genes and caspases etc. The results observed a positive correlation between the binding affinity of complexes with DNA (as quantified by intrinsic binding constant values) and their cytotoxic behavior. Complexes with high DNA binding propensity were typically lethal against a diverse panel of malignant cell types compared to normal cells.
This review focuses on the design, synthesis and validation of new metal‐based chemotherapeutic agents embedded in bioactive ligand scaffolds like (i) amino acid & peptide ligands (ii) chromone derivatives (iii) Schiff base ligands (iv) NSAIDs etc. The choice of the ligands was found to be crucial in influencing the cytotoxic potency that could arise due to multimodal action towards specific targets ct‐DNA/tRNA.
The installation of photovoltaic (PV) system for electrical power generation has gained a substantial interest in the power system for clean and green energy. However, having the intermittent ...characteristics of photovoltaic, its integration with the power system may cause certain uncertainties (voltage fluctuations, harmonics in output waveforms, etc.) leading towards reliability and stability issues. In PV systems, the power electronics play a significant role in energy harvesting and integration of grid-friendly power systems. Therefore, the reliability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of power converters are of main concern in the system design and are mainly dependent on the applied control strategy. This review article presents a comprehensive review on the grid-connected PV systems. A wide spectrum of different classifications and configurations of grid-connected inverters is presented. Different multi-level inverter topologies along with the modulation techniques are classified into many types and are elaborated in detail. Moreover, different control reference frames used in inverters are presented. In addition, different control strategies applied to inverters are discussed and a concise summary of the related literature review is presented in tabulated form. Finally, the scope of the research is briefly discussed.
•Metal complexes of NSAIDs hold promising therapeutic potential to treat cancer.•NSAID scaffolds tethered with metal complexes exhibit greatly enhanced pharmacological activity.•They exhibit better ...cytotoxicity by targeting multiple signaling pathways.•NSAID metal complexes can target Cancer Stem cells and resistant cancer cells thereby, can act as efficacious anti-cancer therapeutics.
Non–steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have gained considerable attention due to their well–established medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, anti-proliferative and analgesic. Recently, metal complexes of NSAIDs have attracted much more focus as compared to free NSAIDs in anti-tumor drug regime, as it has been proven in literature that therapeutic potency of drugs is greatly enhanced on complexation. By selecting the suitable metal ion, its oxidation state, charge as well as coordination geometry, we can easily fine tune the NSAID–metal conjugates for specific targeted therapies. Metal complexes have an intriguing behavior in vivo due to their interesting redox states or catalytic centers, thermodynamic stability, have ability to interact with intracellular components and target biomolecules viz, DNA, RNA and proteins, coordination environment that can drastically change their biology and toxicity properties and show distinctive recognition of normal vs cancerous cells. Interestingly, metals belonging to same group and period may behave differently in biological environment and therefore, complexes of elements from different or same groups or blocks offer discrete chemistry and biological mechanistic insights in cell inhibition processes which needs close and careful introspection. In this review, we would like to summarize the recent developments of myriad NSAIDs complexes in last decade viz., (i) main group metals (ii) transition metals (iii) metalloids (iv) lanthanides and v) mixed group metallodrug NSAID conjugates and their mechanistic insights of cytotoxic activity. Future prospects of NSAIDs–metalloconjugates as a prominent class of potent chemotherapeutic drug candidates shall also be discussed.
Recently, a lot of attention has been paid to the field of research connected with the wireless sensor network and industrial internet of things. The solutions found by theorists are next used in ...practice in such area as smart industries, smart devices, smart home, smart transportation and the like. Therefore, there is a need to look for some new techniques for solving the problems described by means of the appropriate equations, including differential equations, integral equations and integro-differential equations. The object of interests of this paper is the method dedicated for solving some integro-differential equations with a retarded (delayed) argument. The proposed procedure is based on the Taylor differential transformation which enables to transform the given integro-differential equation into a respective system of algebraic (nonlinear, very often) equations. The described method is efficient and relatively simple to use, however a high degree of generality and complexity of problems, defined by means of the discussed equations, makes impossible to obtain a general form of their solution and enforces an individual approach to each equation, which, however, does not diminish the benefits associated with its use.
In this paper, a Laplace homotopy perturbation method is employed for solving one-dimensional non-homogeneous partial differential equations with a variable coefficient. This method is a combination ...of the Laplace transform and the Homotopy Perturbation Method (LHPM). LHPM presents an accurate methodology to solve non-homogeneous partial differential equations with a variable coefficient. The aim of using the Laplace transform is to overcome the deficiency that is mainly caused by unsatisfied conditions in other semi-analytical methods such as HPM, VIM, and ADM. The approximate solutions obtained by means of LHPM in a wide range of the problem’s domain were compared with those results obtained from the actual solutions, the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) and the finite element method. The comparison shows a precise agreement between the results, and introduces this new method as an applicable one which it needs fewer computations and is much easier and more convenient than others, so it can be widely used in engineering too.
New RNA targeted ionic Cu(DACH)
2
(H
2
O)
2
(mef)
2
,
1
and Zn(DACH)
2
(H
2
O)
2
(mef)
2
,
2
drug conjugates were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques FT-IR, UV-vis, EPR in case ...of
1
and
1
H and
13
C NMR in case of
2
, ESI-MS, thermogravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray structure determination in case of
1
. The interaction studies of
1
&
2
with most likely drug targets like ctDNA and tRNA were performed which demonstrated that the complexes
1
and
2
exhibited strong preferential binding to tRNA as compared to ctDNA,
K
b
= 2.52(±0.04) 10
5
M
1
, 7.85(0.02) 10
4
M
−1
, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analyses of complex-ctDNA/tRNA condensates suggested the interaction of complexes with ctDNA/tRNA had occurred, followed by lengthening of DNA double helix and bulge region of tRNA. Cytotoxic activity of
1
and
2
against human cancer cell lines namely; MCF-7 (breast), HeLa (cervical), MIA-PA-CA 2 (pancreatic), A-498 (kidney), Hep-G2 (hepatoma) was evaluated by SRB assay. The obtained results showed that copper complex
1
was an outstanding cytotoxic agent with remarkably good GI
50
value (<10 μg ml
−1
) against the tested cancer cell lines except for MIA-PA-CA 2, while zinc complex
2
revealed moderate cytotoxicity against all the tested cancer cell lines.
New RNA targeted ionic NSAID drug conjugates were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines.
In the context of the COVID-19, it is very significant to explore the dynamic fluctuation of China’s export growth to the international market and examine the causes of this fluctuation in a ...multi-dimensional way. The dynamic fluctuation level is measured in the short and medium-long cycle respectively based on monthly data. Factor decomposition of the dynamic fluctuation is made from the growth effect, the structure effect and the competitiveness effect by the improved CMS model, which results show that the growth effect has decreased first and then increased; The structure effects include market structure effects and commodity structure effects, and the former effect basically fluctuates around the X-axis while there is a negative commodity structure effect; There are different specific competitiveness effects on 21 categories of goods. China should rely on the RCEP agreement to strengthen and stabilize trade cooperation other countries, and strengthen its core position in the industry chain and value chain in the Asia Pacific region. The current paper creatively introduce the trade expansion margin including the ternary margin and product structure into the CMS model, explaining the internal relationship between the trade expansion margin analysis at the product- market level and the CMS analysis at the overall level; meanwhile, this paper analyses the dynamic fluctuation structure of China’s export growth to Japan and South Korea through a CMS factor decomposition from the perspective of technological structure and factor ladder, and studies the source and dynamic distribution evolution of this growth pattern.
Past researcher has proposed computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) scan images as the most efficient ways to diagnose stroke disease. These methods are not only hectic and take ...much time but are also costly. This paper proposes a new approach to diagnosing this disease and gives a time and cost-efficient solution. We have offered a two-step solution to diagnose stroke disease in a patient using only the patient’s facial image. In the first step, we gathered a dataset of several stroke patients and normal persons. Then we applied several pre-processing operations, including red, green and blue (RGB) to grayscale conversion, scaling/ resizing, and normalization on dataset images before training them. In the second step, we trained the cropped images of their face regions and trained them using a convolutional neural network (CNN). We have successfully achieved an efficiency of 98%. The accuracy, precision, recall, and f-measure of the results were measured at 98%, 97%, 99%, and 98% respectively.
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