ABSTRACT
Primordial black holes are a viable dark matter candidate. They decay via Hawking evaporation. Energetic particles from the Hawking radiation interact with interstellar gas, depositing their ...energy as heat and ionization. For a sufficiently high Hawking temperature, fast electrons produced by black holes deposit a substantial fraction of energy as heat through the Coulomb interaction. Using the dwarf galaxy Leo T, we place an upper bound on the fraction of primordial black hole dark matter. For $M \lt 5 \times 10^{-17}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, our bound is competitive with or stronger than other bounds.
The maintenance of genome stability is critical for survival, and its failure is often associated with tumorigenesis. The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway is essential for the repair of DNA interstrand ...cross-links (ICLs), and a germline defect in the pathway results in FA, a cancer predisposition syndrome driven by genome instability. Central to this pathway is the monoubiquitination of FANCD2, which coordinates multiple DNA repair activities required for the resolution of ICLs. Recent studies have demonstrated how the FA pathway coordinates three critical DNA repair processes, including nucleolytic incision, translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), and homologous recombination (HR). Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the downstream ICL repair steps initiated by ubiquitin-mediated FA pathway activation.
This study analyzes the burrs and defects generated on a shear surface during the billet shear process and the effects of the shearing conditions such as the blade shape, knife gap, align between top ...and bottom knife and angle. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it provides a means of overcoming the limitations of current methods used to reduce defects. Further, we believe that this paper will be of interest to the readership of your journal because of its focus on improving the current shearing process to obtain better quality products. The objective of this study is to develop an reduction of burr in rolling workpiece. This paper presents the method to evaluate the kind of blade types. In addition, the results of a field test in a real, large factory are introduced in this paper.
Key Points
• Novel coronavirus (COVID-19)-infected pneumonia usually manifests as bilateral ground-glass opacities in the lung periphery on chest CT scans.
• Role of radiologists includes not only ...early detection of lung abnormality, but also suggestion of disease severity, potential progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome, and possible bacterial co-infection in hospitalized patients.
The intestinal immune system is regulated by microbes and their metabolites. The roles of gut microbial metabolites in regulating intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis are incompletely ...understood. We systematically studied the roles of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their receptors (GPR43 or GPR41) in regulating tissue bacterial load, acute versus chronic inflammatory responses, and intestinal cancer development. SCFA receptor‐, particularly GPR43‐, deficient mice were defective in mounting appropriate acute immune responses to promote barrier immunity, and developed uncontrolled chronic inflammatory responses following epithelial damage. Further, intestinal carcinogenesis was increased in GPR43‐deficient mice. Dietary fiber and SCFA administration suppressed intestinal inflammation and cancer in both GPR43‐dependent and independent manners. The beneficial effect of GPR43 was not mediated by altered microbiota but by host tissue cells and hematopoietic cells to a lesser degree. We found that inability to suppress commensal bacterial invasion into the colonic tissue is associated with the increased chronic Th17‐driven inflammation and carcinogenesis in the intestine of GPR43‐deficient mice. In sum, our results reveal the beneficial function of the SCFA‐GPR43 axis in suppressing bacterial invasion and associated chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis in the colon.
We found with animal models that dietary fiber, their microbial metabolites, and host receptors for these metabolites potentiate gut barrier immune responses during colon cancer development to decrease bacterial burden and chronic inflammatory responses, resulting in decreased cancer formation.
The weak gravity conjecture applied for the aligned natural inflation indicates that generically there can be a modulation of the inflaton potential, with a period determined by sub-Planckian axion ...scale. We study the oscillations in the primordial power spectrum induced by such modulation, and discuss the resulting observational constraints on the model.
PDF
