Homelessness is one of the most difficult social issues, and people who have experienced homelessness are often exposed to stigmatisation and negative public perception. Public perception of homeless ...people also depends on how citizens interpret and what they attribute the causes of homelessness to. Therefore, this paper is aimed at verifying the causal attributions of homelessness based on Weiner’s three-dimensional attribution model. The aim of the research was to examine the determinants of causal attributions of homelessness regarding certain sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and attitudes towards homeless people. The research was conducted on a representative sample of citizens of the Republic of Croatia (n=1 010). The results showed that, on average, the citizens mostly attribute the causes of homelessness to factors related to the circumstances of a person’s life and the broader social context. Differences were found in certain sociodemographic characteristics, whereby women attribute the causes of homelessness more often to the circumstances of a person’s life and the broader social context, while participants with lower socioeconomic status attribute the causes of homelessness more often to structural factors. The results also point out regional differences in attributing the causes of homelessness to different factors. With regard to the attitude towards homeless people, it was found that participants who attribute the causes of homelessness to factors within the broader social context more also perceive homeless people more positively, considering that the state should take greater responsibility in caring for homeless people, and expressing more willingness to help homeless people. The results can contribute to a more effective development and implementation of intervention and policies aimed at sensitising the public regarding the issue and prevention of homelessness. Key words: attribution theory, homelessness, causal attributions, public opinion.
U ovom radu prikazat će se rezultati kvalitativne evaluacije učinaka intervencije samoosnaživanja osoba sa psihosocijalnim teškoćama kroz primjenu neurolingvističkog programiranja – NLP-a. ...Evaluacijsko istraživanje provedeno je u cilju dobivanja uvida u učinkovitost i svrhovitost intervencije. Evaluacija se temeljila se na kvalitativnoj metodi prikupljanja i analize podataka. Korišten je namjerni uzorak od šest sudionika, osoba sa psiho-socijalnim teškoćama, koje su se uključile u intervenciju samoosnaživanja primjenom NLP-a i u kvalitativno evaluacijsko istraživanje učinaka provedene intervencije. Podaci su prikupljeni polustrukturiranim intervjuom. Dobiveni rezultati ukazali su na pozitivne učinke primjene NLP-a na području samoosnaživanja osoba sa psiho-socijalnim teškoćama. Oni se očituju kroz povećanu razinu samouvida, povećanje osobnih kapaciteta, emocionalno rasterećenje sudionika, razvijanje pozitivnog stava, mindfulness (puna svjesnost), blagonaklon pristup samome sebi, asertivniji pristup življenju te nastavak rada na samoosnaživanju i izvan susreta. Vezano uz doživljaj korisnosti intervencije, rezultati su pokazali kako sudionici izdvajaju usvajanje novih znanja i obilježja samog načina rada. Ovo istraživanje skrenulo je pažnju na ulogu i doprinos intervencija NLP-a usmjerenih na osnaživanje mentalnog zdravlja osoba sa psiho-socijalnim teškoćama. Za korjenitije promjene u razvijanju modela podrške osobama sa psihičkim poteškoćama i/ili bolestima važno je sustavno razvijati kvalitetne usluge i intervencije u zajednici u suradnom odnosu s korisnicima te evaluirati njihove učinke.
Mental health, along with physical and social well-being, constitutes the general health of an individual, and it is considered that there is no health without mental health. According to the dual ...model of mental health, the mental state of an individual does not depend solely on the presence of a diagnosis of mental illness, but also on the subjective feeling of well-being. This means that a person with a mental disorder or illness can have good mental health and vice versa. New approaches in the protection of mental health and the treatment of people with mental illnesses are based on the principles of empowerment, recovery, social inclusion, human rights, multidisciplinarity and multisectoral cooperation. The aim of this paper is to present the concept of recovery of people with mental health problems, starting from a holistic understanding of mental health. Recovery is understood as a process that involves an individual who has hope and is aimed at overcoming psychological suffering, but also experts who shape and conduct their professional procedures with the aim of creating conditions for increasing the well-being and productivity of the individual. Also, the approach to recovery is incorporated into the development and organization of modern Community mental health care services. Under this aspect, the paper will present the development of psychiatric care and Community mental health services on the example of Centers for mental health in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Despite the knowledge and clear documents that focus on mental health care and support services for everyone in the community, there are significant challenges in implementing that type of mental health care system.
U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati jedne dionice kvalitativnog istraživanja koje se odvijalo kao dio projekta »Indikatori dobrobiti i siromaštva djece u Hrvatskoj u doba krize: Kako prekinuti ...začarani krug siromaštva djece?«, koji je proveo istraživački tim Studijskog centra socijalnog rada Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu uz financijsku potporu Zaklade ADRIS. Cilj prikazanog istraživanja bio je dobiti
uvid u perspektivu i mišljenje roditelja djece/mladih o učinku ekonomske krize na dobrobit i kvalitetu života djece i obitelji te specifično o mogućnosti ublažavanja učinaka siromaštva djece. Provedene su dvije fokusne grupe u kojima je sudjelovalo ukupno 14 roditelja srednjoškolaca iz obitelji korisnika prava na zajamčenu minimalnu naknadu. Rezultati su pokazali da je ekonomska kriza nepovoljno djelovala na različite aspekte kvalitete života obitelji i dobrobiti djece. Pokazalo se da je život u materijalnoj oskudici doveo do nemogućnosti zadovoljavanja osnovnih životnih potreba, problema u podmirivanju troškova obrazovanja, narušenih obiteljskih odnosa, razvoja različitih strategija suočavanja sa siromaštvom i dr. S aspekta dobrobiti djece, posebno se istaknula dimenzija nezadovoljstva i emocionalne ranjivosti siromašne djece, problemi u odnosima s vršnjacima, nedostupnost informacija, itd. Roditelji zaposlenost vide kao ključni zaštitni čimbenik od siromaštva te naglašavaju važnost podrške i veće razine senzibiliteta stručnjaka koji dolaze u dodir sa siromašnim
obiteljima i djecom. Nalazi ovog istraživanja ukazali su na jedan aspekt koji do sada nije bio u fokusu istraživanja siromaštva, a to su razlike u životu i mogućnostima siromašnih obitelji s djecom u bogatijim i siromašnijim zajednicama.
Homelessness is a social problem that represents a challenge for the entire society, therefore policy holders and social welfare systems should have the obligation and responsibility of creating ...measures for the effective fight against homelessness based on professional and scientific indicators. Croatia still does not have a clear methodology for monitoring the number of homeless people and indicators of homelessness. There is a significant difference in the number of officially registered homeless people in the social welfare system and data from civil society organizations and homeless service providers. The absence of relevant data on the number of homeless people has an effect on the attitude of the profession towards the problem of homelessness and the system for organizing comprehensive care for the homeless. Also, the fact that the homeless were only defined as beneficiaries in the social welfare system for the first time in 2011 indicates that it was a social problem that was not recognized in our society for a long time. Therefore, this work aims to describe and problematize insurance in the social welfare system as a competent system for exercising rights and benefits for combating poverty and organizing the provision of assistance to socially vulnerable persons. The homeless represent one of the most vulnerable social groups, exposed to extreme poverty, risk of social exclusion, prejudice and stigma. The complexity of the problem of homelessness, the individual specificities of the homeless and the difficult access to exercising rights and social services, requires a good knowledge of the problem, sensitization and a highly individualized approach of experts in the social care system. Key words: homelessness; social welfare system; individualized approach
Beskućništvo je socijalni problem koji predstavlja izazov za cjelokupno društvo, stoga nositelji politika i sustav socijalne skrbi trebaju imati obavezu i odgovornost kreiranja mjera za učinkovitu ...borbu protiv beskućništva utemeljenu na stručnim i znanstvenim pokazateljima. Hrvatska još uvijek nema jasnu metodologiju praćenja broja beskućnika i pokazatelja beskućništva. Postoji značajna razliku u broju službeno evidentiranih beskućnika u sustavu socijalne skrbi i podataka organizacija civilnog društva i pružatelja usluga za beskućnike. Izostanak relevantnih podataka o broju beskućnika ima učinak na odnos struke prema problemu beskućništva i sustava na organiziranje sveobuhvatne skrbi o beskućnicima. Takoðer, okolnost da su beskućnici tek 2011. godine prvi put definirani kao korisnici u sustavu socijalne skrbi ukazuje na to da se radi o socijalnom problemu koji dugo nije bio prepoznat u našem društvu. Stoga ovaj rad ima za cilj opisati i problematizirati beskućništvo u sustavu socijalne skrbi kao nadležnog sustava za ostvarivanje prava i naknada za suzbijanje siromaštva i organiziranje pružanja pomoći socijalno ugroženim osobama. Beskućnici predstavljaju jednu od najranjivijih socijalnih skupina, koja je izložena ekstremnom siromaštvu, riziku od socijalne isključenosti, predrasudama i stigmi. Složenost problema beskućništva, individualne specifičnosti beskućnika te otežan pristup u ostvarivanju prava i socijalnih usluga, traže dobro poznavanje problematike, senzibilizaciju i visoko individualizirani pristup stručnjaka u sustavu socijalne skrbi.
Je kako je, bit će bolje Tutić Grokša, Ivana; Kletečki Radović, Marijana
JAHR (Rijeka ),
01/2022, Volume:
12, Issue:
2
Journal Article, Paper
Peer reviewed
Open access
Subjektivna dobrobit obuhvaća doživljaj trenutne i buduće životne situacije. Trenutna razina subjektivne dobrobiti može biti prediktor zdravlja, produktivnosti, prihoda, kvalitete socijalnih odnosa, ...čak i mortaliteta. Nezaposlenost je prepoznata kao jedna od životnih okolnosti koje na duži period najviše smanjuju subjektivnu dobrobit. Cilj provedenog kvalitativnog istraživanja bio je dobiti uvid u subjektivnu dobrobit nezaposlenih korisnika zajamčene minimalne naknade mlađe odrasle dobi. Tematskom analizom intervjua dobiveni su podaci o doživljaju životne situacije i percepciji budućnosti sudionika te su prikazani kroz ovaj rad. U zaključnim razmatranjima izneseni su prijedlozi za unapređenje prakse, s naglaskom na pristupu socijalnog rada i javnozdravstvenu pristupu.
Subjective well-being includes the perception of the current and future life situation. The current level of subjective well-being can be a predictor of health, productivity, income, quality of social relations, and even mortality. Unemployment is recognised as one of the life circumstances that reduce subjective well-being the most in the long run. The conducted qualitative research aimed to gain insight into the subjective well-being of unemployed young adults who are beneficiaries of the guaranteed minimum benefit. The thematic analysis of the interviews provided data on the experience of the life situation and the perception of the participants’ future, and they are presented in this paper. In the concluding remarks, proposals for improving the practice were presented, with an emphasis on the social work approach and the public health approach.
Mental health, along with physical and social well-being, constitutes the general health of an individual, and it is considered that there is no health without mental health. According to the dual ...model of mental health, the mental state of an individual does not depend solely on the presence of a diagnosis of mental illness, but also on the subjective feeling of well-being. This means that a person with a mental disorder or illness can have good mental health and vice versa. New approaches in the protection of mental health and the treatment of people with mental illnesses are based on the principles of empowerment, recovery, social inclusion, human rights, multidisciplinarity and multisectoral cooperation. The aim of this paper is to present the concept of recovery of people with mental health problems, starting from a holistic understanding of mental health. Recovery is understood as a process that involves an individual who has hope and is aimed at overcoming psychological suffering, but also experts who shape and conduct their professional procedures with the aim of creating conditions for increasing the well-being and productivity of the individual. Also, the approach to recovery is incorporated into the development and organization of modern Community mental health care services. Under this aspect, the paper will present the development of psychiatric care and Community mental health services on the example of Centers for mental health in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Despite the knowledge and clear documents that focus on mental health care and support services for everyone in the community, there are significant challenges in implementing that type of mental health care system.
Beskućnici su jedna od najranjivijih i najdepriviranijih skupina hrvatskoga društva, a ono o njima skrbi putem pružanja različitih oblika pomoći i podrške. Jedan od dostupnih oblika pomoći ovoj ...ranjivoj skupini su socijalne usluge kojima se nastoje ublažiti posljedice koje život u beskućništvu donosi, omogućiti podmirenje osnovnih životnih potreba te integraciju u društvo. Dosadašnja istraživanja o kvaliteti socijalnih usluga za beskućnike su malobrojna te ne postoji sustavno praćenje niti vrednovanje postojećih usluga. Najznačajnija socijalna usluga za beskućnike je usluga smještaja koja se primarno odnosi na smještaj u prihvatilištima i prenoćištima. Da bi kvaliteta usluge bila adekvatna, potrebno je istražiti zadovoljstvo kvalitetom pružene usluge od strane onih kojima je ona namijenjena. Stoga smo proveli istraživanje kojemu je cilj bio dobiti uvid u kvalitetu usluga za beskućnike u prihvatilištima i prenoćištima iz perspektive korisnika usluge smještaja. U istraživanju su sudjelovala 24 korisnika prihvatilišta i prenoćišta za beskućnike na području Grada Zagreba, Rijeke i Splita. Podaci su prikupljani metodom polustrukturiranog intervjua, dok se za analizu podataka koristila metoda tematske analize. Rezultati ukazuju na opće zadovoljstvo korisnika uslugom smještaja s nagla- skom na potrebu veće dostupnosti određenih usluga, kao što su osnovne zdravstvene ili psihosocijalne usluge u okviru prihvatilišta i prenoćišta. Korisnici usluge smještaja su ukazali na izostanak kontinuiteta u pružanju usluga unutar prihvatilišta i prenoćišta što se može pripisati projektnim financiranjima koja su svojstvena pružateljima usluga koji su velikim dijelom izloženi takvoj vrsti financiranja. Sudionici istraživanja su različito percipirali osobne mogućnosti izlaska iz statusa beskućnika pri čemu neki smatraju da se neće dugo zadržati u tom statusu, dok drugi ne vide mogućnost izlaska iz takve vrste smještaja s obzirom na nemogućnost rješavanja stambenog pitanja. Rezultati istraživanja su potvrdili i problem začaranog kruga beskućništva. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na važnost uključivanja perspektive korisnika s ciljem unapređenja socijalnih usluga za beskućnike, primarno onih koji koriste uslugu smještaja.
The homeless are one of the most vulnerable and deprived groups in the Croatian society, which takes care of them through various forms of help and support. One of the more available forms of help to this vulnerable group are social services that aim at mitigating the consequences of living without a home, at satisfying the most basic needs of life, and at the integration of the homeless into the society. The past studies of quality of social services for the homeless are few and there is no systematic monitoring or evaluation of existing services. The most important social service for the homeless is the service of accommodation, which primarily refers to accommodation in shelters and over-night lodgings. In order to ensure the quality of service, there is a need to study how satisfied its users are with the service. Thus, the authors of this article carried out a study whose aim was to gain insight into the quality of services for the homeless in shelters and overnight lodgings from the perspective of users of these services. 24 users of shelters and over-night lodgings in the area of the City of Zagreb, Rijeka, and Split took part in this study. The data has been gathered by using the method of semi-structured interview, while the method of thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The results suggest the general satisfaction with the service of accommodation among the homeless, although they point out the need for greater availability of certain services, such as basic health or psycho-social services within the frame of shelters and over-night lodgings. The users of the service of accommodation also pointed out the lack of continuity in providing services within shelters and over-night lodgings, which is due to project financing difficulties. Namely, such services are often financed through projects and are, therefore, largely financially dependent on official approval of such projects. The participants in the study have voiced different opinions on the possibility of exiting the status of being a homeless person, whereby some believe that they will not stay long in that status, while others do not see a possibility of leaving behind shelters and over-night lodgings, due to the impossibility of finding accommodation on their own. The results of the study, therefore, also confirmed the existence of the problem of the vicious circle of homelessness. The results point out the importance of including the perspective of users – primarily of those who use the service of accommodation – in order to improve the social services for the homeless.
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