This paper discusses the current U.S. practices in providing refuge and complying with human rights law. In order better to understand why applications for asylum from Mexico, Central America, and ...the Caribbean have a far poorer success rate than those from any other region of the world, the authors explore the history of U.S. asylum legislation with a specific focus on international human rights documents. They suggest that a U.S. asylum system more concordant with human rights law could contribute to a more equitable granting of asylum status and refugee resettlement. En este ensayo se discuta las prácticas legales con respecto de los procuradores de asilo en los Estados Unidos de hoy. Al preguntar porque las aplicaciones de los procuradores de asilo del México, de la América Central, y del Caribe típicamente no tengan mucho éxito en los EEUU, los dos autores exploran la historia del sistema de inmigración de los Estados Unidos con foco especial en documentos internacionales sobre los derechos humanos. Proponen reformar ese sistema, levando las prácticas legales de los EEUU más en acuerdo con las leyes internacionales de derechos humanos para crear situaciones más iguales para todos los procuradores de asilo. Este artigo examina a política atual dos Estados Unidos em asilar refugiados e cumprir com leis internacionais de direitos humanos. Para entender melhor por que os pedidos para asilo de México, América Central, e o Caribe têm um êxito muito menor dos pedidos de qualquer outra região do mundo, os autores examinam a história da legislação estadunidense concernente asilo com um enfoque especial em documentos internacionais de direitos humanos. Os autores sugerem que um sistema de asilo nos Estados Unidos mais concordante com os leis de direitos humanos pode ajudar estabelecer a prática de albergar asilo e tratar com os refugiados de uma maneira mais eqüitativo para todas as regiões do mundo. Dans cet article il s’agit des procédés actuels aux Etats-Unis pour fournir asile aux réfugiés et pour se conformer à la loi des droits humains. Pour mieux comprendre pourquoi les demandes d’asile du Mexique, de l’Amérique Centrale et des îles Caraïbes témoignent d’un taux de succès bien inférieur à celles des autres régions du monde, les auteurs analysent l’histoire de la législation de l’asile aux Etats-Unis avec une concentration spécifique sur des documents internationaux de droits humains. Ils proposent qu’un système d’asile aux Etats-Unis plus concordant avec la loi des droits humains pourrait contribuer à une accordance plus équitable de statut d’asile et de rétablissement des réfugiés.
Psychosocial interventions and models of quality of life in schizophrenia are based on the notion that increases in psychosocial functioning will be related to improvements in subjective experience ...outcomes such as self-esteem and satisfaction with life. However, studies have repeatedly failed to demonstrate a direct relationship between psychosocial functioning and subjective experience in schizophrenia. This study of 40 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia examined whether neurocognitive measures of executive functioning moderated the relationship between psychosocial functioning and subjective experience. Subjective experience was represented by measures of satisfaction with life and self-esteem. The Global Assessment Scale measured psychosocial functioning, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test measured executive functioning. Multiple regression and correlation analyses indicated that executive functioning was a strong moderator. Specifically, individuals with schizophrenia with impaired executive functioning displayed a positive and statistically significant association between psychosocial functioning and both measures of subjective experience (r = 0.55 and 0.61). However, among schizophrenia patients with intact executive performance, psychosocial functioning was negatively associated with self-esteem and satisfaction with life (r = -0.24 and -0.46). And the findings were internally replicated using two other neuropsychological measures relevant to executive functioning. These findings indicate that executive functioning plays a major role in moderating the relationship between subjective experience and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia. Implications for biosocial models, psychosocial interventions, and models of quality of life in schizophrenia are discussed.
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